There is a
gradual improvement in Tom's work.
汤姆的工作逐步有了改进。
Study is a
gradual progress.
学习是一个循序渐进的过程。
The weather is
gradually warming up as spring arrives.
随着春天的到来，天气逐渐变暖。
She learned to play the piano
gradually over many years.
她经过多年的努力，逐渐学会了弹钢琴。
His health improved
gradually with proper treatment.
经过恰当的治疗，他的健康状况逐渐恢复。
The teacher explained the concept
gradually to help the students understand.
老师逐步解释概念，以便学生能理解。
The city's population grew
gradually over the past century.
在过去的一个世纪里，这个城市的人口逐渐增长。
He adapted to his new job
gradually, finding his rhythm step by step.
他逐渐适应了新工作，一步步找到了自己的节奏。
The leaves on the trees turned from green to yellow in a
gradual process.
树上的叶子在渐进的过程中从绿色变为黄色。
The teacher broke down the lesson into small parts for the students to learn
gradually.
老师把课程分成小部分，让学生逐步学习。
Our understanding of climate change has developed
gradually over time.
我们对气候变化的理解随着时间的推移而逐渐深化。
The athlete's training schedule was designed to be
gradual, allowing for safe progress.
运动员的训练计划是循序渐进的，以确保安全进步。
In December, Boeing delivered a new B787 aircraft to Chinese private carrier Juneyao Airlines, its first widebody aircraft for a Chinese mainland carrier in nearly three years, indicating gradual recovery in China's international air travel market.
去年12月，波音公司向中国私人航空公司吉祥航空交付了一架新的B787飞机，这是近三年来中国大陆航空公司的第一架宽体飞机，表明中国国际航空旅行市场正在逐步复苏。
A3: We expect gradual recovery and a continued focus on coming to terms with the structural challenges in the economy.
A3：我们预计经济将逐步复苏，并继续专注于应对经济中的结构性挑战。
During the eight-day holiday starting in late September, the number of domestic trips increased by 4.1 percent from 2019 levels, and tourism revenue grew 1.5 percent from the same period in 2019. Leisure demand has dominated the tourism sector, but there has also been growing demand for business and MICE (meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions) activities, indicating a gradual recovery and diversification in the types of travelers visiting the region, said the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
在9月下旬开始的为期八天的假期中，国内旅行次数比2019年增长了4.1%，旅游收入比2019年同期增长了1.5%。文化和旅游部表示，休闲需求主导了旅游业，但对商务和MICE（会议、奖励、会议和展览）活动的需求也在增长，这表明访问该地区的游客类型正在逐步恢复和多样化。
"For Chinese companies, especially private enterprises, lack of product originality and gradual loss of cost advantages were the biggest bottlenecks hindering their development on the global stage," Zhou Qiren, a professor at Peking University's National School of Development, said in an earlier interview.
北京大学国家发展学院教授周其仁在早些时候的一次采访中表示：“对于中国企业，尤其是私营企业来说，缺乏产品独创性和成本优势的逐渐丧失是阻碍它们在全球舞台上发展的最大瓶颈。”。
"For Chinese companies, especially private firms, lack of product originality and gradual loss of cost advantages were the biggest bottlenecks, which greatly hinders their development on the global stage," said Zhou Qiren, a professor at the National School of Development at Peking University, in a note.
北京大学国家发展学院教授周其仁在一份报告中表示：“对于中国企业，尤其是私营企业来说，缺乏产品独创性和成本优势的逐渐丧失是最大的瓶颈，这大大阻碍了它们在全球舞台上的发展。”。
With the gradual expansion of mountain-top homestays in the past few years, the number of tourists visiting and staying on the mountain has been increasing every year.
随着过去几年山顶民宿的逐渐扩大，每年来山上参观和停留的游客数量都在增加。
"The beauty and personal care sector is expected to recover thanks to gradual rebounding consumer confidence and consumers' pursuit of holistic wellbeing.
“由于消费者信心的逐步回升和消费者对整体健康的追求，美容和个人护理行业有望复苏。
While power supplies have been assured, a gradual increase in the proportion of renewable energy sources in the power system poses challenges to stability, experts said, adding that their intermittent nature and lack of flexibility need to be addressed.
专家表示，虽然电力供应已经得到保证，但可再生能源在电力系统中的比例逐渐增加，对稳定性构成了挑战，并补充说，需要解决其间歇性和缺乏灵活性的问题。
"The gradual rebound of the Chinese market is very exciting, showing a consistent focus on the high-quality development of brands.
“中国市场的逐步反弹非常令人兴奋，显示出对品牌高质量发展的一贯关注。
The company has stepped up efforts to localize its business in the country, and the launch of various products and solutions related to presbyopia — the gradual inability to see nearby objects with age — and cataracts reflects such a strategy.
该公司加大了在中国业务本地化的力度，推出了与老花眼（随着年龄的增长，逐渐看不到附近的物体）和白内障相关的各种产品和解决方案，反映了这一战略。
North Asia, especially China's market potential, is expected to be further unleashed and the gradual resumption of travel has allowed Hong Kong, Macao and Hainan province to welcome an increasing number of consumers for L'Oreal products, said the company.
该公司表示，预计北亚，尤其是中国的市场潜力将进一步释放，随着旅游业的逐步恢复，香港、澳门和海南省将迎来越来越多的欧莱雅产品消费者。
Bureau officials said the economic growth is expected to post a gradual rebound throughout the year.
该局官员表示，预计全年经济增长将逐步回升。
With the resumption of major routes and gradual increase of flights, Air Macau, founded in 1994, said it would provide convenient choices to help boost economic cooperation, cultural exchanges and personnel communications between Macao and the Chinese mainland.
随着主要航线的恢复和航班的逐步增加，成立于1994年的澳门航空公司表示，它将提供便利的选择，帮助促进澳门与中国大陆之间的经济合作、文化交流和人员往来。
"In fact, with the gradual improvement of the property market this year, the sector is also seeing improved market confidence, both of which will have a positive impact on debt issues faced by the likes of Evergrandes," said Yan.
严说：“事实上，随着今年房地产市场的逐步改善，该行业的市场信心也在增强，这两个方面都将对恒大等公司面临的债务问题产生积极影响。”。
China's economic and social vitality will be further liberated with the gradual recovery of domestic demand and the synergy of policy effects.
随着国内需求的逐步恢复和政策效应的协同作用，中国经济社会活力将得到进一步解放。
The gradual recovery of the Chinese economy will bolster the trend of the renminbi exchange rate.
中国经济的逐步复苏将推动人民币汇率的走势。
Now, luxury consumption in China will be supported by a backflow of spending and the gradual reopening of international travel, the consultancy said.
该咨询公司表示，现在，中国的奢侈品消费将受到支出回流和国际旅行逐步重新开放的支持。
With the resumption of major routes and gradual increase of flights, the carrier said it would help promote economic exchanges, personnel communications and cargo flows between Macao and the Chinese mainland cities and create favorable conditions for mutually beneficial cooperation.
随着主要航线的恢复和航班的逐步增加，该航空公司表示，这将有助于促进澳门与中国大陆城市之间的经济交流、人员往来和货物流动，为互利合作创造有利条件。
"In the past two to three months, our sales from major channels like supermarkets, stores and restaurants have been affected by the COVID-19," she said, noting they have seen very positive growth following the gradual resumption of work and production in Shanghai since June.
“在过去的两到三个月里，我们超市、商店和餐馆等主要渠道的销售额受到了新冠肺炎的影响，”她说，并指出，自6月份以来，随着上海逐步恢复工作和生产，这些渠道的销售额出现了非常积极的增长。
Growing sales of automobiles and the gradual lifting of travel restrictions have helped drive demand for petroleum and petrochemical products.
汽车销量的增长和旅行限制的逐步取消推动了对石油和石化产品的需求。
Biotech company MGI Tech delivered a container laboratory to Laos on Thursday, so as to help the country boost its mass COVID-19 testing capacity and prepare for the gradual re-opening of its borders in 2022.
生物技术公司MGI Tech周四向老挝交付了一个集装箱实验室，以帮助该国提高其大规模新冠肺炎检测能力，并为2022年逐步重新开放边境做好准备。
He pointed to the gradual shift in Tencent's investment strategy, which is leaning toward retail brands such as fast food play Hefu Noodle and coffee chain Tim Hortons.
他指出，腾讯的投资战略正在逐步转向快餐游戏和府面和咖啡连锁店蒂姆·霍顿等零售品牌。
While the country plans to build a new type of power system featuring a gradual increase in the proportion of new energy sources, these 92 new projects, including transformer substations and transmission programs, will ensure the supply of power in Sichuan province, said Tan Hongen, the company's chairman.
公司董事长谭洪恩表示，虽然国家计划建设一种新型电力系统，以逐步提高新能源的比例，但这92个新项目，包括变电站和输电项目，将确保四川省的电力供应。
Both companies said power supplies will be stabilized by tapping the potential of all kinds of resources, as the State Council, the country's Cabinet, recently unveiled a plan to build a new type of power system featuring a gradual increase in the proportion of new energy sources and promoting the large-scale optimization of clean power resources.
两家公司都表示，将通过挖掘各种资源的潜力来稳定电力供应。中国国务院最近公布了一项建设新型电力系统的计划，该计划旨在逐步提高新能源的比例，并促进清洁电力资源的大规模优化。
With the gradual restart of global manufacturing activities, we will continue to contribute to helping strengthen China's economic and trade ties with the world," Qu said.
“随着全球制造业活动逐渐重启，我们将继续致力于加强中国与世界的经济贸易联系。”曲说。
This year, the company estimated the proportion would decline, following the gradual recovery of passenger flights.
今年,公司预计这一比例将会下降,因为客机航班正在逐渐恢复。
"In the first half, thanks to the gradual recovery of the global economy and the improvement of our brand recognition, as well as our product and service competitiveness, our overseas sales revenue surpassed 10 billion yuan ($1.54 billion), up over 100 percent year-on-year," said Xiang Wenbo, president of Sany Group.
“在上半年，得益于全球经济的逐步复苏和我们品牌知名度的提升，以及我们的产品和服务竞争力的增强，我们的海外销售收入超过100亿元人民币（约15.4亿美元），同比增长超过100%。”三一集团董事长向文波表示。
Temasek is willing to act like a bridge to promote the gradual formation of carbon markets in China and the rest of the world, and stabilize the pricing mechanism of carbon products, he said.
他说，淡马锡愿意扮演桥梁角色，推动中国与全球碳市场渐进联通，助力碳产品定价机制稳定。
The program will be introduced this year for direct suppliers in Poland, China and India, which are its three largest purchasing countries, followed by a gradual global rollout.
该计划今年将首先在波兰、中国和印度这三个最大的采购国家对直接供应商实施，随后在全球范围内逐步推广。
"But the growth pace of its revenue over the years has seen a gradual decline, owing to a combination of factors, including a growing number of domestic rivals backed by internet giants or international peers such as Expedia and Booking. "
但多年来，由于一系列因素，包括受到互联网巨头支持的越来越多的国内竞争对手以及Expedia和Booking等国际对手的挑战，其营收增长速度已经逐渐放缓。
"Despite the challenges brought by COVID-19 pandemic, we have noticed a gradual recovery of domestic consumer market under a series of favorable policies, such as the new dual-circulation development paradigm that takes the domestic circulation as the mainstay while domestic and foreign markets support each other," said Jan Craps, co-chair and CEO of Budweiser Brewing Co APAC Ltd. With summer approaching, the company opened its first CASA Corona store, gathering elements of beach lifestyle including food, art and culture in Guangzhou – only the second in the world after the first one opened in Madrid, Spain.
百威亚太联席董事长及首席执行官Jan Craps表示：“尽管新冠疫情带来了挑战，但我们看到在一系列利好政策推动下，国内消费市场正在逐步复苏。例如，我们迎来了以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。”随着夏季来临，该公司在广州开设了首家CASA Corona门店，将美食、艺术和文化等海滩生活元素汇聚一堂——这是继西班牙马德里之后全球第二家此类门店。
Thanks to China's gradual economic recovery and the bank's stepped-up efforts to resolve nonperforming loans, the asset quality of the bank has improved marginally.
得益于中国经济的逐步复苏以及银行加大了处理不良贷款的努力，该行的资产质量略有改善。
With the gradual demise of land and financial dividends, dividends brought by sound management will become greater, which means those with stronger competitiveness will gain a larger market share, Mo said, adding the company has constantly been striving to enhance its comprehensive competitiveness.
随着土地和金融红利的逐渐消失，良好管理带来的红利将会变大，这意味着竞争力强的企业将获得更大的市场份额，莫言表示，公司一直在努力提升其综合竞争力。
They no longer prefer gradual investments and are pursuing long-term profits, industry insiders said.
业内人士表示，他们不再偏好渐进式投资，而是追求长期利润。
Investors no longer prefer gradual investments," said Chai from New Oriental.
新东方的柴老师表示，“投资者现在不再偏好渐进式投资了。”
They no longer prefer gradual investments, Chai said at a conference organized by Securities Daily.
谢国忠在《证券日报》主办的一个会议上说，他们不再偏好渐进式投资。
Agricultural produce trader's expansion into value-added areas to be gradual before 2025Louis Dreyfus Co, one of the world's major agricultural goods traders and processors by sales revenue, will invest $300 million in China gradually before 2025 to move further downstream into more value-added areas, said its senior executives.
全球农产品贸易和加工巨头之一路易达孚公司(Louis Dreyfus Co)的高管表示，该公司将在2025年前逐步投资3亿美元，进一步向下游增值领域扩张，以深化其在中国的业务。
In the past, Chow Sang Sang's e-store used to crash on occasions like Singles Day (Nov 11 online shopping festival) due to excess traffic, leading to a gradual loss of customers.
过去，周大生的电商网站在类似双十一这样的网购节期间，由于流量过大而时常崩溃，导致客户逐渐流失。
The study took notice of the gradual evolution of a network-centric security system to a data-centric one, as data has become a core driving force of the economy.
Market insiders said the country's industrial production resumption, together with the gradual return of overseas demand, have boosted its performance, making it better than expected.
It is now effecting gradual resumption of work at its plants nationwide.
Global leading hotelier group InterContinentalxa0Hotels Group is confident in the recovery of the tourism market in China, boosted by the rebound of domestic travels and gradual resumption of business trips, despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitality sector starting early this year.
He said the gradual recovery of business trips has also spurred the performance of hotels at cities that have been business destinations.
"It's unsurprising to see a gradual pickup of the luxury market in China, because people simply lack the conventional channels they normally turn to for luxury purchases, such as duty-free shops and outbound trips," said Peng Yanyan, head of the China consumer sector at UBS Securities, who remained rosy about the sector's performance in the country.
Disneyland Paris will begin gradual reopening on July 15.
Bob Chapek, who became the Walt Disney CEO in February, said on an earnings call Wednesday morning that the decision, made jointly with local partner Shanghai Shendi Group, follows "encouraging signs of a gradual return to some semblance of normalcy in China" and the successful reopenings of facilities adjacent to the park, including Disneytown, a shopping, dining and entertainment complex, and Shanghai Disneyland Hotel, in March.
With the gradual control of this epidemic, it will be a common problem for many enterprises to find their ways to resume production and boost capacity.
The gradual resumption of flights has been based on the assessment of the different levels of epidemic risk in various destinations, with average daily flights planned to increase to about 1,000 next month, according to the airline.
"This shopping event, fueled by advanced digital payment and assisted by high-quality goods, reflects the gradual change from 'made in China' to 'made for China'.
Realizing the financial consideration of branding, many Chinese companies are taking a gradual approach by working with overseas partners to make an impact.
考虑到品牌建设的经济效益，许多中国公司正在采取渐进的方式，通过与海外合作伙伴合作来产生影响力。
Wipro has adopted a step-by-step, gradual expansion approach.
"Uber said it plans a gradual rollout of self-driving cars and noted its drivers will "remain a critical and differentiating advantage for us".
And with the gradual opening-up of cross-border transactions and globalization of fund-raising by Chinese companies, coupled with increasing demand from foreign firms and investors to raise funds and invest in China, we believe we will be able to deliver solutions both domestically and internationally across an integrated platform.
"Development of 5G technology will drive the growth of the smartphone industry, but due to the high cost, it will be a gradual process," said Wang Xi, an analyst from IDC.
Apart from the growth in nonperforming loans, the gradual expansion of liquidity risk exposure at non-financial companies and defaults on private placement bonds and credit bonds will also increase the supply of problematic assets, Shi said.
Thanks to the gradual opening of the capital account, there will be more and more money available for overseas allocation," said Zhong Xiaofeng, Amundi's North Asia chief executive officer.
These include the emphasis on quality development and the gradual progress toward a more market-driven economy.
Even though containers accounted for less than a third of CIMC's business, it remained the largest source of the group's revenue and profits while the global shipping business is making a gradual comeback.
"We expect lower capital expenditure and a gradual process when it comes to 5G," said Wang Jinjin, managing director of Asian telecom research at UBS Securities in Beijing.
As domestic consumption turns for the better, coupled with the gradual return to balance between supply and demand, a potential rebound in overall price levels is anticipated in 2024, said Zhou Maohua, a macroeconomic researcher at China Everbright Bank.
China's economy is likely to pick up pace and grow steadily in 2024 after a bumpy recovery last year, propelled by the gradual increase in domestic demand and with more stimulus policies in the offing, officials and economists said on Wednesday.
At the same time, real estate is expected to achieve a gradual recovery, and domestic consumption will continue to improve, reported Beijing News on Tuesday.
However, Liu Jing, chief economist at HSBC, believes that in 2024, the new people-oriented urbanization process will further release consumption potential, while the gradual stabilization of the real estate market will also promote consumption for improvement, and expand the growth momentum to other areas.
While China's continued economic recovery is still facing pressures from insufficient demand, analysts said China is capable of registering notable economic growth this year amid a gradual recovery in consumption, investment and the stabilization of the property market.
"Meanwhile, the narrowing decline in PPI points to the gradual improvement in the operation conditions among the industrial and manufacturing sectors, fueled by the continued recovery in demand and the strong macro policy support.
Small, medium-sized enterprises buoyed by series of supportive policy initiativesBusiness performance of China's small and medium-sized enterprises improved in 2023 on the back of the gradual resumption of work and production after the COVID-19 pandemic, alongside a package of supportive policy measures, the latest data showed on Wednesday.
A long-term vision involves a gradual shift from commodity exports to capital output, increasing the scale and efficiency of the country's foreign investments to elevate the gross national product and gross domestic product, which will lead to an enhanced perception of economic growth among the people.
Market: Foreign companies investing more in ChinaChina will retain its position as a key global manufacturing hub, as the supply chain diversification moves by certain multinational companies are gradual and limited only to low-end sectors, according to senior analysts and business leaders.
"We believe the supply-chain shift is likely to be gradual, as China's competitive advantages of a large and relatively high-skilled workforce, well-developed infrastructure, industrial expertise and efficient and complete manufacturing value chain are unlikely to be overtaken by other countries in the near term," the report said.
Despite the persistent challenges posed by a slump in the property sector and its impact on domestic demand, experts said they expect a notable economic upswing in China in 2024, fueled by a gradual recovery in services consumption and investment.
Despite the pressures and challenges ahead, Zhou expressed optimism about the future development of the manufacturing sector, anticipating a more balanced recovery amid the gradual recovery of consumption.
Looking to the future, despite the likelihood of the property slump continuing to be a drag on the economy, analysts said that China's economy is likely to perform better in 2024 with a gradual recovery in domestic demand and consumption and an improvement in external financial conditions.
Zhou called for expansionary macro policies to consolidate the recovery trend, estimating that the economy may expand by around 5 percent next year given the gradual recovery in domestic demand and easier external financial conditions.
Despite the increasingly complicated global economic environment and significant volatility in the foreign exchange market worldwide, the RMB's exchange rate has remained relatively stable this year, thanks to China's trade resilience and gradual recovery of market sentiment.
Experts estimated China's economy will likely expand by around 5 percent next year as well, given strong policy support and gradual recovery of domestic demand.
Outlook: Structural reforms vital to recoveryThe World Bank has estimated that China's economy would grow 5.2 percent in 2023, propelled by a gradual recovery of consumer sentiment and policy stimulus.
The bounce-back seen in the global economy and a gradual elimination of the "scarring effect" caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have boosted China's trade flow in recent months, said Zhang Xiaotao, dean of the School of International Trade and Economics at Central University of Finance and Economics.
Looking ahead, Zhou Maohua, an analyst at China Everbright Bank, said he expects to see a gradual pickup in domestic demand and consumption, saying more efforts should be made to create more jobs, improve people's incomes, encourage purchases of big-ticket items and optimize the consumption environment.
Zhang Yansheng, chief researcher at the Beijing-based China Center for International Economic Exchanges, said these products have become a crucial growth engine for exports, illustrating the continuous optimization of China's foreign trade structure, the gradual strengthening of new trade momentum and the effective implementation of stable foreign trade policies.
In addition to opening up more avenues for global companies' expansion in China and supporting the country's exports of tech-intensive green products, the GAC in late October introduced 16 reform measures to promote high-quality development in processing trade, to further enhance the role of policy guidance in supporting the gradual evolution of industries within China.
Thanks to setting up of more warehouses and extending the time for the shopping spree, the increase in volume was gradual and orderly, he said.
Trade: Export structure of nation said to be improvingChina's foreign trade registered year-on-year growth in October, after a continuously narrowing slump since July, adding to the recent signs of a gradual stabilization in the world's second-largest economy thanks to a slew of supportive policy measures, officials and analysts said.
China's import data in October, which posted positive growth for the first time in US dollar terms since March, indicates a gradual recovery of domestic demand — a significant driving force to underpin the nation's sustained economic recovery, said Zhou Maohua, an analyst at China Everbright Bank.
"The economy will be helped by a gradual recovery of global demand for goods, which benefits China's exports.
He suggested that by following a gradual and systematic approach, the government can transform places such as Yunnan province and the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region into new frontiers in the nation's effort to open up to ASEAN, as well as leverage the Hainan Free Trade Port's key role in leading the opening-up of the labor market, including by hiring domestic helpers from the Philippines.
"The (economic) momentum is expected to strengthen steadily in the fourth quarter and pick up further through 2024, with the help of well-calibrated and targeted policies and a gradual recovery in external demand," said Hoe Ee Khor, chief economist of the ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office.
"The momentum is expected to strengthen steadily in the fourth quarter and pick up further through 2024, with the help of well-calibrated and targeted policies and a gradual recovery in external demand," Khor said.
However, given lingering drags on the economy, notably from exports and housing, the recovery will likely prove relatively gradual in the coming quarters.
But it appears that we have passed the bottom of housing demand in this cycle, with a gradual recovery taking hold.
Despite facing these challenges, the Chinese economy will continue to be a main contributor to the world economy following its gradual recovery, he said, calling for deepening regional economic cooperation so that different economies could enhance the productivity of all by furthering the division of labor.
"Thanks to well-calibrated and targeted policies and a gradual recovery in external demand, China's economy should continue to regain its vitality through 2023 and pick up moderately in 2024, which does not indicate deflationary outcomes, Khor said.
Zhu Haibin, JPMorgan's chief China economist, said he has revised up his forecast for China's economic growth in the second half of the year, given August's better-than-expected economic numbers and a gradual feed-through of policy support, including the recent acceleration in special local government bond issuance that could boost infrastructure activity.
With the gradual reduction of tariffs, the RCEP will offer consumers a wider range of market options, meeting the demand for cross-border consumption and helping boost overall consumption, said Eddy Chan, senior vice-president of the United States-based FedEx Express.
China's economy is showing signs of a rebound with a gradual improvement in demand, warming economic activity and an easing of deflationary pressure, experts and executives said.
He said China is still in the phase of gradual recovery amid weak prices, which is adding more pressure on policymakers to take further steps to shore up the world's second-largest economy.
Fu Yifu, a senior researcher at the Star Atlas Institute of Finance, said that the measures will help unleash the consumption potential and drive a gradual recovery in buying sentiment.
Given the gradual pickup in economic activity, improvement in corporate profitability and stronger policy support, consumption will likely perform better in the second half, Fu said.
Chinese consumers are exhibiting vibrant purchasing power for imported and foreign-branded products, which has become a key driver for upgraded consumption fueled by China's further opening-up and gradual improvement in cross-border logistics and deliveries, industry insiders said.
During a news conference held in Beijing on Tuesday, NBS spokesman Fu Linghui said that despite challenges and pressures ahead, China will likely sustain steady economic recovery in the second half of the year given the gradual improvement in demand, the external environment, the development of emerging sectors, continued industrial upgrading and policy measures gradually taking effect.
This is indicative of China's gradual push toward higher-skilled and smart manufacturing.