n.偏抑共生，无害寄生，偏害共栖

Amensalism is the ecological relationship where one species benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited.
共生关系中，一种生物受益而另一种既不受害也不受益。
In the ocean, bacteria engage in amensalism with phytoplankton, breaking down waste without harming or benefiting the plants.
海洋中的细菌与浮游植物存在共栖关系，分解废物而不影响或帮助植物。
Lichens are an example of mutualistic amensalism, as fungi provide anchorage for algae while receiving no direct benefit from the algal photosynthesis.
地衣是互利共生的例子，真菌为藻类提供附着地，而藻类通过光合作用不直接给真菌带来益处。
Some fungi practice amensalism with plants, preventing competing fungi from growing around their host without harming or helping them.
一些真菌与植物进行非互利共生，阻止竞争性真菌生长在宿主周围，既不伤害也不帮助它们。
Amensalism can be observed in the formation of ant trails, as ants create a path without affecting the surrounding plants or soil.
在蚂蚁行进路径的形成中可以看到共栖现象，蚂蚁开辟道路，对周围的植物和土壤不产生影响。
Some animals exhibit amensalism by using burrows to shelter themselves without causing harm or benefiting the burrow's original inhabitants.
有些动物通过挖掘洞穴来为自己提供庇护，不会对原住民造成伤害或利益。
Amensalism can exist between different species of bacteria in the gut, where one species helps digest food without benefiting or harming the other.
肠道中不同种类的细菌之间可能存在共栖关系，其中一种能帮助消化食物，但对另一种没有直接好处或害处。
The presence of certain insects in a garden can be amensalistic, as they eat pests without harming the beneficial insects or plants.
园林中的某些昆虫可能是共栖的，它们吃掉害虫，既不伤害有益昆虫也不影响植物。
Aquatic plants often exhibit amensalism with fish, providing hiding places without requiring any exchange of resources.
水生植物与鱼类常常共存，植物为鱼类提供藏身之处，而无需任何资源交换。
Amensalism can also occur between microorganisms and their environment, such as bacteria that break down pollutants without benefiting or harming the ecosystem.
微生物与其环境之间的共栖关系也常见，如分解污染物的细菌，既不对生态系统产生益处也不造成损害。