n.着丝粒，着丝点

The centromere is the region of the chromosome to which the kinetochore proteins attach during cell division.
中心体是染色体上在细胞分裂过程中与动粒蛋白结合的区域。
The position of the centromere determines the length and shape of the resulting daughter chromatids.
中心体的位置决定了形成的子染色单体的长度和形状。
In metaphase, the chromosomes condense and become visible, with their centromeres aligned at the metaphase plate.
在中期，染色体会凝聚并变得可见，其中心体排列在赤道板上。
Centromere duplication is an essential step in the process of DNA replication that ensures equal segregation of genetic material.
中心体复制是DNA复制过程中的一个关键步骤，确保遗传物质均等分离。
The formation of sister chromatid cohesion at the centromere is crucial for accurate chromosome segregation.
具有姐妹染色单体连结的中心体形成对于精确的染色体分离至关重要。
Errors in centromere function can lead to chromosomal instability and contribute to the development of various diseases, including cancer.
中心体功能错误可能导致染色体不稳定性，并促进各种疾病的发展，包括癌症。
In some species, such as humans, the centromere does not have a specific sequence but rather relies on a particular chromatin structure.
在一些物种中（如人类），中心体并没有特定的序列，而是依赖于特定的染色质结构。
The presence or absence of a functional centromere is used to classify chromosomes into metacentric, submetacentric, or acrocentric types.
功能性中心体的存在与否被用来将染色体分类为中着丝粒、亚中着丝粒或端着丝粒类型。
Centromere protein A (CENP-A) is a conserved histone H3 variant that plays a critical role in centromere identity and function across eukaryotes.
中心体蛋白A（CENP-A）是一种保守的组蛋白H3变异体，在真核生物中对中心体身份和功能起着至关重要的作用。
Some organisms, like budding yeast, have acentric chromosomes that lack a centromere, relying instead on a specialized mechanism for chromosome segregation called "spindle-pole body.
有些生物，比如芽殖酵母，具有无中心体的染色体，它们依靠名为“纺锤极体”的特化机制来进行染色体分离。