n.（英）宪章运动（1837—1848年），人民宪章主义；人民宪章运动

Chartism emerged as a powerful movement in the early 19th century, demanding universal male suffrage and better working conditions.
- "Chartism在19世纪初兴起，要求普选权和改善劳动条件。"
The Chartists organized mass meetings and rallies to spread their message and gain support from the working class.
- "宪章派组织群众集会和游行，以传播他们的理念并争取工人阶级的支持。"
William Lovett, a prominent Chartist leader, was imprisoned for his political activism.
- "威廉·洛维特，一位重要的宪章运动领袖，因政治活动而入狱。"
The Great Charter of 1842, also known as the People's Charter, outlined their ten key demands, including secret ballots and an end to property qualifications for voting.
- "1842年的《大宪章》或称《人民宪章》，详细列出了他们的十大诉求，包括秘密投票和废除选举财产资格。"
The failure of the Great Reform Act of 1832 fueled the growth of Chartism among British workers.
- "1832年改革法案的失败促使英国工人对宪章运动的支持度激增。"
The government responded to Chartism with repression, dispersing peaceful gatherings and arresting protesters.
- "政府对宪章运动采取压制手段，解散和平集会并逮捕示威者。"
Chartism inspired similar movements in other countries, such as the Workingmen's Party in Germany.
- "宪章运动激发了德国等地的类似工人政党运动。"
Despite its eventual failure to achieve major reforms, Chartism marked a significant turning point in the struggle for democracy and workers' rights.
- "尽管宪章运动未能实现重大改革，但它在争取民主和工人权益的斗争中具有重要意义的转折点。"
Some historians argue that Chartism laid the groundwork for later social and political reforms in Britain.
- "一些历史学家认为，宪章运动为英国后来的社会和政治改革奠定了基础。"
The legacy of Chartism lives on in the ongoing debate about the importance of democratic participation and equal representation for all citizens.
- "宪章运动的遗产体现在关于所有公民参与民主和平等代表权的持续讨论中。"