n.色谱法，色层分析法，层析法(利用混合物各部分在介质中的通透距离差异而将其分离的方法)

Gas chromatography is often used in forensic science to identify substances like drugs or poisons in crime scene samples.
气相色谱法常用于法医学中，以识别犯罪现场样本中的毒品或毒药等物质。
Liquid chromatography can be employed to separate and quantify the various components of a complex mixture, such as those found in food or pharmaceuticals.
液相色谱法可以用来分离和量化复杂混合物（如食品或药品中所含的）的各种组分。
In high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the sample is forced through a column packed with tiny particles under high pressure.
在高效液相色谱（HPLC）中，样品在高压下通过填充有微小颗粒的柱子。
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a quick and simple method for separating mixtures into their individual components.
薄层色谱（TLC）是一种将混合物快速简单地分离为其各个组分的方法。
Chromatography is widely used in environmental analysis to detect and measure trace amounts of pollutants in water, air, and soil samples.
色谱法广泛应用于环境分析中，用于检测和测量水、空气和土壤样品中的痕量污染物。
Affinity chromatography is a separation technique that relies on the specific interaction between molecules to isolate a target substance from a mixture.
亲和色谱是一种依赖于分子间特定相互作用来从混合物中分离目标物质的分离技术。
Capillary electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry is an alternative to chromatography for analyzing biomolecules like proteins and peptides.
毛细管电泳与质谱联用是分析蛋白质和肽类生物分子的一种替代色谱法的技术。
Ion-exchange chromatography is commonly used to separate charged molecules based on their size and charge properties.
离子交换色谱法通常用于根据分子的大小和电荷性质分离带电分子。
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as gel permeation chromatography (GPC), separates molecules based on their size.
分子排阻色谱（SEC），也称为凝胶渗透色谱（GPC），基于分子大小进行分离。
Paper chromatography was one of the earliest forms of chromatography and is still occasionally used in educational settings to teach the principles of the technique.
纸色谱是最早的色谱形式之一，至今仍在教育环境中偶尔使用，用于教授该技术的基本原理。