n.共栖

The remora fish attaches itself to sharks, feeding on the leftovers without harming the shark – a classic example of commensalism.
食蚊鱼附着在鲨鱼身上，以鲨鱼残羹为食，而不伤害鲨鱼——这是共生关系的经典例子。
The oxpecker bird perches on large mammals like rhinos, feeding on ticks and other parasites, benefiting from the meal while the mammal benefits from pest control – an instance of commensalism.
牛椋鸟栖息在像犀牛这样的大型哺乳动物上，以虱子和其他寄生虫为食，鸟从中获取食物，而哺乳动物则得益于害虫控制——这是共生的一个实例。
The relationship between cattle and the cattle egrets is often cited as commensal, where the egrets follow the cattle to feast on insects disturbed by their movement.
牛与牛鹭之间的关系常被引用为共生关系的例子，牛鹭跟随牛群，捕食因牛移动而惊扰的昆虫。
In the rainforest, certain species of ants live in the hollow stems of plants, protecting the plant from herbivores while gaining shelter – a form of commensalism.
在雨林中，某些种类的蚂蚁居住在植物的空心茎内，保护植物免受草食动物侵害，同时获得栖所——这是一种共生形式。
Bees visiting flowers for nectar inadvertently carry pollen from one flower to another, aiding in pollination – a commensal interaction benefiting both the bee and the flowering plant.
蜜蜂访问花朵以获取花蜜时，不经意间将花粉从一朵花传到另一朵，帮助授粉——这是一种对蜜蜂和开花植物都有益的共生互动。
The barnacles attached to whales' skin do not harm the whale but gain a stable surface to filter feed from the water currents – illustrating commensalism.
附着在鲸鱼皮肤上的藤壶并不伤害鲸鱼，但获得了从水流中滤食的稳定表面——这是共生关系的体现。
Some fungi form mycorrhizae with plant roots, enhancing nutrient absorption for the plant while obtaining necessary nutrients themselves – a mutualistic yet specific type of commensalism.
某些真菌与植物根部形成菌根，增强植物的养分吸收，同时自己也获取必要的养分——这是一种互利的、特定类型的共生关系。
Clownfish living among the tentacles of sea anemones are protected from predators, while the anemone benefits from the nutrients provided by the clownfish's waste – another illustration of commensalism.
小丑鱼生活在海葵的触手中，得以躲避捕食者，而海葵则从 clownfish 的排泄物中获得养分——这是共生关系的另一个例证。
Goby fish and shrimp often share burrows, with the goby fish providing a warning system against predators for the nearly blind shrimp, which in turn keeps the burrow clean for the goby – a case of commensal behavior.
鱼虎鱼和虾经常共享洞穴，鱼虎鱼为几乎失明的虾提供预警系统以抵御捕食者，作为回报，虾保持洞穴清洁供鱼虎鱼使用——这是一种共生行为的案例。
The relationship between humans and the bacteria in our gut can be seen as commensal, where the bacteria aid in digestion without causing harm, while relying on the nutrients provided by our diet.
人与肠道内细菌的关系可以视为共生，这些细菌在不造成伤害的情况下帮助消化，同时依赖于我们饮食提供的营养。