n.异化，异化作用，分解代谢，异化过程，人的异化

Dissimilation is a linguistic process where a sound in a word changes to be less similar to an adjacent sound.
语化过程中，一个词中的某个音会改变以减少与相邻音的相似性。
In Latin, dissimilation occurred when the prefix "in-" changed to "im-" before labial consonants, as in "impetus" from "intendere.
在拉丁语中，如“impetus”源自“intendere”，前缀"in-"在唇部辅音前变为"im-"就是一种dissimilation现象。
The phenomenon of dissimilation can also be observed in English; for instance, "church" becomes "chirch" in rapid speech due to the influence of the following 'r'.
在英语中也能观察到dissimilation现象，例如，在快速口语中，“church”由于后续'r'的影响会变成"chirch"。
Dissimilation often happens in child language acquisition, such as when children say "nunny" instead of "bunny" because they simplify the two consecutive bilabial sounds.
在儿童语言习得过程中常常出现dissimilation现象，比如孩子们说“nunny”代替“bunny”，因为他们简化了连续的双唇音。
A common example of dissimilation is the change of "mansion" to "manshun" in some dialects of English, where /n/ assimilates to the following /ʃ/ sound.
dissimilation的一个常见例子是在某些英语方言中“mansion”变为“manshun”，其中/n/同化为后面的/ʃ/音。
Dissimilation may occur to ease pronunciation or to differentiate words more clearly; e.g., "an apple" pronounced as "a naple".
为了方便发音或更清晰地区分单词，可能会发生dissimilation现象，例如将“an apple”发音为"a naple”。
In Japanese, dissimilation is seen in verbs like "taberu" (to eat), which changes to "taben" before the particle "-no" to avoid having two similar sounds (/ru/ and /no/) together.
在日语中，动词如"taberu"（吃）在接续助词"-no"前变为"taben"，以避免两个相似音(/ru/和/no/)连在一起，这就是dissimilation的例子。
The term "dissimilation" refers to the opposite process of assimilation in phonology, where one speech sound becomes less like another nearby sound rather than merging with it.
“dissimilation”这个术语在语音学中指的是与同化相反的过程，其中一个语音变得不像其附近的另一个语音，而不是与其合并。
Historical linguistics records many instances of dissimilation, like how the Proto-Germanic "*twai" became "two" through the change of the first vowel away from the following 'w'.
历史语言学记录了许多dissimilation的例子，比如原始日耳曼语"*twai"如何通过第一个元音远离后面的'w'而演变为"two"。
Native speakers sometimes use dissimilation unconsciously to make their speech clearer; for example, saying "I saw a wasp" could become "I saw a waps" to avoid repeating the same sound.
说母语者有时会无意识地使用dissimilation使他们的言语更清晰，例如，为了避免重复相同的音，他们可能会将"I saw a wasp"说成"I saw a waps"。