n.裸子植物

Gymnosperms are a group of plants that produce naked seeds without an ovary or fruit.
The gymnosperm lineage includes conifers like pine, spruce, and fir trees.
These ancient gymnosperms thrived during the Mesozoic Era, long before angiosperms (flowering plants) dominated the Earth.
The fossil record of gymnosperms is extensive, providing valuable insights into prehistoric climates.
Many gymnosperms have adapted to survive in harsh environments such as cold climates or dry deserts.
The gymnosperm's spores, unlike angiosperms' pollen, are dispersed by wind, allowing them to colonize vast areas.
Some gymnosperms, like cycads, have remained relatively unchanged for millions of years, making them important for evolutionary studies.
In contrast to modern angiosperms, gymnosperms do not have flowers, making their reproduction process distinct.
The study of gymnosperms contributes to our understanding of plant evolution and the development of life on Earth.
Conservation efforts often focus on protecting endangered gymnosperm species, as they hold unique ecological roles.