考研Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to stop.

很多其他物种都能学习，他们显然学到的一件事就是什么时候停止。

2009年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

高考From the experience, I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect the members of a team.

从这次经历中，我学到了很多关于领导者的态度如何影响团队成员的知识。

2018年高考英语天津卷 完形填空 原文

四级Forty-eight of the students received instruction in study skills only, whereas the others attended a combination of study skills sessions and classes in which they learned about the growth mind-set and how to apply it to schoolwork.

48名学生只接受了学习技能方面的指导，而其他学生则参加了学习技能课程和课程的组合，在这些课程中，他们学习了成长心态以及如何将其应用于学业。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级But what I learned, and what stuck with me through my time teaching writing at Harvard, was a deeper lesson about the nature of creative criticism.

但我学到的，以及我在哈佛大学教写作期间所学到的，是关于创造性批评本质的更深刻的一课。

2015年12月阅读原文

考研Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise.

失败也能教会我们一些我们本不可能学到的东西。

2020年考研真题（英语二）翻译 Section Ⅲ

四级Dogs may have learned to detect threat signs from humans and respond by trying to make peace, according to researcher Sanni Somppi.

研究人员Sanni Somppi表示，狗可能已经学会了检测人类发出的威胁信号，并通过尝试实现和平做出反应。

2017年6月听力原文

四级People in cold places live in warm houses and have learned to adapt.

寒冷地区的人们住在温暖的房子里，并学会了适应。

2017年6月听力原文

高考I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his graduation from high school and remained the same caring person I met forty years before.

我得知弗雷迪高中毕业后做了几份工作，仍然是我四十年前遇到的那个体贴的人。

2017年高考英语全国卷2 完形填空 原文

四级After such an experience an animal often remains passive even when it can effect change—a state they called learned helplessness.

在经历了这样的经历之后，动物往往保持被动，即使它能够影响改变——一种他们称之为习得性无助的状态。

2016年12月阅读原文

考研Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.

1629年后的十年里，除了来到马萨诸塞州教堂的90多位博学的牧师外，还有像约翰·温斯洛普这样的政治领袖，他是一位受过教育的绅士、律师，也是波士顿前的官方官员。

2009年考研阅读原文

考研Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.

1629年后的十年里，除了来到马萨诸塞州教堂的90多位博学的牧师外，还有像约翰·温斯洛普这样的政治领袖，他是一位受过教育的绅士、律师，也是波士顿前的官方官员。

2009年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

四级Subjects who learned the games in the morning lost some skills when they played again 12 hours later.

上午学习游戏的受试者在12小时后再次玩游戏时失去了一些技能。

2016年6月听力原文

六级Women won the right at to swim in public pools, learned to swim properly, created appropriate swimwear, and in time even competed against men.

女性赢得了在公共游泳池游泳的权利，学会了正确的游泳，创造了合适的泳衣，最终甚至与男性竞争。

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section B

高考I learned this lesson from an experience many years ago.

我从多年前的一次经历中吸取了这个教训。

2018年高考英语天津卷 完形填空 原文

四级Several years ago, she became interested in eggs and learned the traditional Ukrainian technique to draw her very modern characters.

几年前，她开始对鸡蛋感兴趣，并学习了传统的乌克兰技巧来画她非常现代的人物。

2017年6月阅读原文

四级Donohue, now a history teacher, agrees that it helped during certain parts of her education: I can definitely remember what I learned on certain days at school.

多诺霍现在是一名历史教师，她同意这在她接受教育的某些阶段是有帮助的：我肯定记得我在学校的某些日子里学到的东西。

2017年6月阅读原文

高考As a result, I've always kept up with the newspapers, faithfully read news magazines and learned to really enjoy books, all of which have been an invaluable help to me in radio and television reporting.

因此，我一直与报纸保持联系，忠实地阅读新闻杂志，学会真正享受书籍，所有这些对我在广播和电视报道方面都有着无价的帮助。

2019年高考英语浙江卷 听力 原文

四级I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up.

当我得知这一点时，我很兴奋，我想我有整整一周的时间来做研究，阅读课文，然后把它们都写下来。

2017年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

考研Mean while , many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion.

与此同时，许多定居者的宗教信仰比丹麦人的要轻，正如一位牧师在与海岸沿线嘲笑他们不是为了宗教而来到新世界的人们对抗时所学到的那样。

2009年考研阅读原文

考研I want to share these old truths I've learned along the way.

我想和大家分享我在这过程中学到的这些古老的真理。

2015年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

考研Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane's, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion.

与此同时，许多定居者的宗教信仰比丹麦人的要轻，正如一位牧师在与海岸沿线的人对抗时所学到的，这些人嘲笑他们来到新世界不是为了宗教。

2009年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级That way, the researchers can see if the self identified verbal learners really learned better when the information was just spoken aloud, for example.

通过这种方式，研究人员可以看到，例如，当信息只是大声说出时，自我识别的语言学习者是否真的学得更好。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

高考I only learned how to sign the alphabet that day.

那天我才学会如何在字母表上签名。

2017年高考英语全国卷1 完形填空 原文

六级killy learned an important secret shared by many creative people: innovations don't require genius, just a willingness to question the way things have always been done.

基利学到了许多有创造力的人共有的一个重要秘密：创新不需要天才，只需要敢于质疑事情的一贯做法。

2019年6月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section B

六级From his audience and analysis he learned that only 2 or 3 of his classmates knew much of anything about geology.

从他的听众和分析中，他了解到只有两三个同学对地质学了解很多。

2010年6月听力原文

四级There's an ancient legend that as long as these eggs are made, evil will not prevail in the world, says Joan Brander, a Canadian egg-painter who has been painting eggs for over 60 years, having learned the art from her Ukrainian relatives.

加拿大彩蛋画家琼·布兰德（Joan Brander）从乌克兰亲戚那里学到彩蛋艺术，她说，有一个古老的传说，只要这些彩蛋被制成，邪恶就不会在世界上盛行。

2017年6月阅读原文

四级"There's an ancient legend that as long as these eggs are made, evil will not prevail in the world," says Joan Brander, a Canadian egg-painter who has been painting eggs for over 60 years, having learned the art from her Ukrainian relatives.

加拿大彩蛋画家琼·布兰德（Joan Brander）从乌克兰亲戚那里学到彩蛋艺术，她说：“有一个古老的传说，只要这些彩蛋被制成，邪恶就不会在世界上盛行。”。

2017年6月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

高考And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned.

晚餐时间似乎是分享我们所学知识的最佳时机。

2015年高考英语福建卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

高考I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature.

我了解到鱼是冷血动物，因此对水温非常敏感。

2015年高考英语广东卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

高考I learned through another woman's eyes that my daughter was still a good person despite her troubled teenage years.

我通过另一个女人的眼睛了解到，尽管我女儿十几岁时遇到了麻烦，但她仍然是一个好人。

2015年高考英语重庆卷 完形填空 A 原文

四级It just does, said Mr.Azar who learned the trick from another clerk.

阿扎尔说，他从另一位职员那里学会了这个把戏。

2016年6月听力原文

四级Azar who learned the trick from another clerk.

阿扎尔从另一个店员那里学会了这个把戏。

2016年6月听力原文

高考Most important, I have learned that fathers don't need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.

最重要的是，我知道父亲们不需要克隆人的足迹或其他任何地方。

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

六级What is learned is rarely applicable in life.

所学的很少适用于生活。

2013年12月阅读原文

六级In England, where architecture was increasingly seen as an aristocratic pursuit, noblemen often applied what they learned from the villas of Palladio in the Veneto and the evocative ( ' , 唤起回忆的) ruins of Rome to their own country houses and gardens.

在英国，建筑越来越被视为贵族的追求，贵族们经常运用他们从威尼托的帕拉迪奥别墅和令人回味的（“，唤起回忆的) 从罗马废墟到他们自己的乡间别墅和花园。

2017年6月阅读原文

高考It can be learned from the passage that the author appreciated his father's educational technique.

从这篇文章中可以看出，作者很欣赏他父亲的教育技巧。

2015年高考英语福建卷 阅读理解 阅读B 题设

高考She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.

她学会了欣赏难读的书的某些部分。

2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读A 选项

高考Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so harshly.

很快，她学会了欣赏生活，而不是如此苛刻地评判一切。

2015年高考英语福建卷 完形填空 原文

高考I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders.

我从我的汽车司机那里学到了很多：出版商需要打印机，工程师需要机械师，建筑师需要建筑工人。

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

六级In England,where architecture was increasingly seen as an aristocratic pursuit, noblemen often applied what they learned from the villas of Palladio in the Veneto and the evocative ruins of Rome to their own country houses and gardens.

在英国，建筑越来越被视为贵族的追求，贵族们经常将他们从威尼托帕拉迪奥别墅和令人回忆的罗马废墟中学到的东西应用到他们自己的乡村房屋和花园中。

2017年6月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

四级This behaviour may have evolved as dogs gradually learned they could benefit from avoiding conflicts with humans.

这种行为可能是随着狗逐渐学会避免与人发生冲突而产生的。

2017年6月听力原文

考研To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.

今天读这样的书，就等于惊叹于这样一个事实：它们所学的内容曾经被认为适合在普通发行的日报上发表。

2010年考研阅读原文

高考They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.

他们不再注意这只鸟，也不知道它在做什么。

2018年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

六级In their evolution, humans have learned to pay attention to the most urgent issues instead of long-term concerns.

在进化过程中，人类学会了关注最紧迫的问题，而不是长期关注的问题。

2015年12月阅读原文

四级Participation in this project helped the girls developed a new attitude towards their parents of their own homes; they've learned how to work with tools, and improve their work habits.

参与该项目有助于女孩们对自己家的父母形成新的态度；他们已经学会了如何使用工具，并改善了他们的工作习惯。

2013年6月听力原文

六级similar studies tested whether students learned basic physics and chemistry concepts better by reading plain text or viewing pictures to and everyone do better with the help of pictures.

类似的研究测试了学生是否通过阅读纯文本或观看图片来更好地学习基本的物理和化学概念，并且每个人都在图片的帮助下做得更好。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

考研If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.

如果人类在认识到每一个机构的最终价值都是其独特的人类效应方面取得了一些进展，那么我们很可能相信，这一教训主要是通过与年轻人打交道而获得的。

2009年考研翻译原文

高考Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.

Loe最初上学是为了成为一名工程师，但她很快就意识到她的热情主要是种植和准备自己的食物。

2015年高考英语湖北卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

高考Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.

信任是我们从过去的经验中学到的行为。

2015年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 七选五 原文

四级When I told a group of school children who displayed helpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned to keep trying when the problems got tough.

当我告诉一群表现出无助行为的学童，缺乏努力导致了他们在数学上的错误时，他们学会了在问题变得棘手时继续努力。

2016年12月阅读原文

六级Moffitt said it's still unclear why some children have better self-control than others, though she says other researchers have found that it's mostly a learned behavior, with relatively little genetic influence.

莫菲特说，目前还不清楚为什么一些孩子比其他孩子有更好的自控能力，尽管她说其他研究人员已经发现，这主要是一种后天习得的行为，遗传影响相对较小。

2016年6月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

六级The results: Teens who played the Iowa Gambling Task under the eyes of fellow adolescents engaged in more exploratory behavior, learned faster from both positive and negative outcomes, and achieved better performance on the task than those who played in s

结果表明：在同伴青少年的注视下参与爱荷华州赌博任务的青少年比那些在爱荷华州赌博的青少年有更多的探索行为，从积极和消极的结果中学习更快，并且在任务上取得了更好的成绩

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

高考If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don't worry: I've learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today.

如果你担心雪人的鼎盛时期已经过去，别担心：我已经了解到一些爆炸性的雪人历史仍然在今天被创造。

2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

六级But according to a 2008 review, only one study that followed this design found that students actually learned best with their preferred style.

但根据2008年的一项研究，只有一项遵循这种设计的研究发现，学生们实际上用自己喜欢的风格学习得最好。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

高考I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.

我明白了，如果你爱上某件事并一直做下去，你会做得更好。

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文

高考With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown.

怀着极大的兴趣，他阅读了所有他能找到的东西，聆听了镇上的老人们的声音，了解了他小小的家乡之外的世界。

2015年高考英语福建卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

六级You weren't born with attitudes; rather they are all learned, and this happens in a number of ways.

你不是天生就有态度的；相反，它们都是后天习得的，这可以通过多种方式实现。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

高考This is something that I learned when I started my own business, which is doing really well.

这是我在创业时学到的，我的生意做得很好。

2018年高考英语全国卷I 听力 原文

六级I learned it all starts with the business model.

我知道这一切都是从商业模式开始的。

2017年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

考研Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened.

心理健康是无法学习的，只能重新唤醒。

2016年考研翻译原文

高考I learned how to be a carpenter.

我学会了如何当木匠。

2018年高考英语全国卷I 听力 原文

四级Donohue, now a history teacher, agrees that it helped during certain parts of her education: "I can definitely remember what I learned on certain days at school."

多诺霍现在是一名历史教师，她同意这在她接受教育的某些阶段是有帮助的：“我肯定记得我在学校的某些日子里学到的东西。”

2017年6月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

六级Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert.

约瑟夫已经了解到，一个农民必须有一定的心态才能成功地转变信仰。

2019年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

考研Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising.

通过实验和观察，像伯宁博士这样的社会科学家已经认识到，通过无情的广告将某些行为与习惯性线索联系起来是有力量的。

2010年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

高考The lessons they learned may not be different from what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to work them out on their own.

他们所学到的课程可能与他们在学校学到的课程没有什么不同，但肯定更加个人化和有意义，因为他们必须自己解决这些问题。

2015年高考英语全国卷2 完形填空 原文

六级When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all Bison is actually grass-fed.

当他们开始研究供应链时，他们了解到只有2-3%的野牛实际上是以草为食的。

2019年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

高考Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I was in language, I could still be smart and well express myself with clay.

在这里，我学到了我的第一个重要的一课：尽管我在语言方面有残疾，但我仍然可以很聪明，用粘土很好地表达自己。

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文

考研During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.

在大萧条和战争期间，美国人学会了少花钱，这种克制加上战后对未来的信心，使小型高效住房成为时尚。

2011年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

高考She had learned enough about computer science.

她对计算机科学已经学得够多了。

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读A 选项

高考That night, I talked to my wife about my conversation with kurt and what I had learned.

那天晚上，我和妻子谈了我和库尔特的谈话以及我学到的东西。

2016年高考英语江苏卷 完形填空 原文

高考For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations.

例如，网球中的反手技术可以通过比赛或创造有趣的练习环境来学习和提高。

2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读表达 原文

四级But what I learned, and what stuck with me through my time teaching writing at Harvard, was a deeper lesson about the nature of creative criticism .

但我学到的，以及我在哈佛大学教写作期间所学到的，是关于创造性批评本质的更深刻的一课。

2015年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

六级They have learned to think critically.

他们学会了批判性思考。

2015年12月阅读原文

高考From that day on, we learned together, traveled together, and sacrificed together.

从那天起，我们一起学习，一起旅行，一起牺牲。

2016年高考英语江苏卷 完形填空 原文

四级She also learned a great deal about its history and culture

她还学到了很多关于它的历史和文化

2013年12月听力原文

六级He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand for grass-fed products currently exceeds supply.

他很快就了解到了市场已经证明的事实：目前对草饲料产品的需求超过了供应。

2019年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

高考I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different.

后来我了解到，车长确实不同。

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

六级That was a lesson we learned very early on.

这是我们很早就学到的一课。

2016年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section A

考研Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails" language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.

编程语言的更新速度很快，所以他们学习的“RubyonRails”语言在他们进入就业市场时可能根本不相关。

2016年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

高考This is how everyone learned to read.

这就是每个人学习阅读的方式。

2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

四级She learned to write for financial newspapers

她学会了为财经报纸写作

2014年6月听力原文

六级Those projects are then interwoven with fast-paced technical modules (模块)learned 'on-the-fly ’ and 'at will’ depending on the nature of the project.

然后，这些项目与快节奏的技术模块交织在一起(模块)根据项目的性质，学习“动态”和“随意”。

2020年12月六级真题（第3套）

六级We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority.

我们已经学到了很多关于以民族/种族自卑为由排斥人们的愚蠢想法。

2008年12月英语六级真题

六级But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all.

但我们还没有学到的是如何让美国化的进程惠及所有人。

2008年12月英语六级真题

六级There were no convenient devices for taking notes, and early Greek orators delivered long speeches with great accuracy because they learned the speeches using mnemonic systems.

当时没有方便的笔记设备，早期的希腊演说家发表了非常准确的长篇演讲，因为他们使用助记符系统学习演讲。

2009年12月英语六级真题

六级From his audience analysis he learned that only 2 or 3 of his classmates knew much of anything about geology.

从他的听众分析中，他了解到只有两三个同学对地质学有很多了解。

2010年6月英语六级真题

四级How can teachers and future officials determine what a student has learned and remembered?

教师和未来的官员如何确定学生所学和记忆的内容？

1991年1月英语四级真题

四级Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure.

然后他注意到，一个喝够了的婴儿会拒绝喝牛奶，但仍然会以明显的快乐迹象继续做出习得性的反应。

1993年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions.

小提琴天才(神童), 我了解到，来自不同地区的不同浪潮。

1998年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile (协调) engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.

经过三年的努力，我在数学、物理和工程课程与文科课程之间取得了平衡，我明白了为什么很少有工程专业的学生试图调和是有原因的(协调) 工程与大学文科课程。

2001年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级I have learned something that help me in my next job.

我学到了一些对我下一份工作有帮助的东西。

2003年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (“Chew with your mouth closed.

礼仪的要点(礼节) 孩子们可能曾经通过父母和祖父母的观察或指导在餐桌上学到的东西（“闭着嘴咀嚼。

2003年12月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior.

它们为探索大脑如何生成和理解语言提供了一种新的方法，并为一个古老的科学争议提供了新的线索：语言，包括语法，是我们天生的东西，还是一种习得的行为。

2004年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he’s learned that young at heart doesn’t mean young.

当然，他仍然可以和运动型的五年级学生一起骑自行车，但他明白了内心年轻并不意味着年轻。

2006年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.

Elbow称之为“自由写作”，这种做法可以帮助你克服在写作时试图编辑的坏习惯。

2007年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine river in a –55-.

我40岁就学会了滑雪，并以55的成绩飞上了莱茵河。

2008年6月大学英语四级考试真题

四级“I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .

“我了解到，我没有把一个人看作一个整体，也没有对差异持开放态度。

2009年6月英语四级考试真题

四级“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .

“我从课堂上学到，我需要向所有候选人介绍全方位的职责、责任和期望，让他们做出明智的决定，而不是将我的性别偏见强加给这种情况。

2009年6月英语四级考试真题

四级He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.

他回忆起从自己的员工身上学到的一个重要教训。

2009年6月英语四级考试真题

四级But I learned a great deal about assumptions , and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture .

但我学到了很多关于假设的知识，而且不同文化的假期时间差异很大。

2009年6月英语四级考试真题