n.货币主义(控制货币量以调控经济)

Monetarism emphasizes the role of money supply in the economy.
货币主义强调货币供给在经济中的作用。
Milton Friedman was a prominent advocate of monetarism, arguing that inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon.
米尔顿·弗里德曼是货币主义的杰出倡导者，他认为通货膨胀无论何时何地都是一种货币现象。
The theory of monetarism suggests that changes in the money supply have a direct impact on the level of economic activity.
货币主义理论认为，货币供应量的变化会直接影响经济活动水平。
Critics of monetarism argue that other factors, such as fiscal policy and expectations, play equally important roles in determining inflation and output.
货币主义的批评者认为，其他因素，如财政政策和预期，在决定通货膨胀和产出方面同样起着重要作用。
During the 1980s, some central banks adopted monetarist policies, focusing on controlling the growth of the money supply to curb inflation.
纪80年代，一些中央银行采纳了货币主义政策，专注于控制货币供应量的增长以抑制通货膨胀。
Monetarists propose that a steady and predictable increase in the money supply can stabilize an economy and promote growth.
货币主义者提出，货币供应量稳定且可预测的增长可以稳定经济并促进增长。
One of the key tenets of monetarism is that there exists a long-run stable relationship between the money supply, the velocity of money, and the level of economic activity.
货币主义的主要信条之一是，货币供应量、货币流通速度与经济活动水平之间存在长期稳定的联系。
The monetarist approach contrasts with Keynesian economics, which focuses more on using government spending and taxation to manage aggregate demand.
货币主义方法与凯恩斯经济学相对立，后者更侧重于利用政府支出和税收来管理总需求。
In practice, implementing monetarist policies has proven challenging due to difficulties in accurately measuring the money supply and its effects on the economy.
实际上，实施货币主义政策已被证明具有挑战性，因为准确测量货币供应量及其对经济的影响存在困难。
Some economists suggest that the global financial crisis of 2008 questioned the effectiveness of pure monetarism, highlighting the need for a more nuanced approach to monetary policy.
一些经济学家认为，2008年的全球金融危机对纯粹货币主义的有效性提出了质疑，强调了货币政策需要采取更加细致入微的方法。