n.形态学，形态论，词法

Morphology is the study of word structure and the formation of words in a language.
形态学是研究语言中词的构造和词汇形成的一门学科。
In English, nouns have different morphological forms to indicate case, number, and gender.
在英语中，名词有多种形态变化来表示格、数和性别。
The verb "run" can undergo various morphological changes to form present tense (runs), past tense (ran), and gerund (running). (动词"run"可以通过形态变化形成现在时态、过去时态和动名词。
The suffix "-able" indicates that a word is capable or can be done, as in "reachable" or "teachable.
后缀"-able"表示一个词具有能力或可以完成，如"reachable"或"teachable"。
Irregular verbs like "eat" have unique morphological patterns for their past tense ("ate") and past participle ("eaten"). (像"eat"这样的不规则动词，其过去时态和过去分词有特殊的形态模式。
Affixes are morphemes that attach to a root word to change its meaning, such as adjectives (-ful, -less) and prepositions (-in, -on). (词缀是附着到词根改变其意义的词素，如形容词后缀(-ful, -less)，介词前缀(-in, -on)。
Compounds, like "sunscreen," are formed by combining two words with a shared root or meaning.
复合词，如"sunscreen"，由具有共同词根或含义的两个词组合而成。
Derivational morphology creates new words by altering the base word, as in "happy" becoming "happiness.
派生形态学通过改变基本词形成新词，如"happy"变成"happiness"。
English has both inflectional and derivational morphology; inflectional changes modify the meaning within a word (e.g., singular vs. plural), while derivational changes create new words (e.g., happy → happier). (英语既有屈折形态也有派生形态；屈折变化在词内改变意义（如单数与复数），派生变化创造新词（如happy → happier）。
A linguist analyzes the morphological structure of a language to understand its grammar and vocabulary better.
语言学家通过分析语言的形态结构，以更好地理解其语法和词汇。