The river's outflow into the sea is blocked by a sandbar.
这条河流入海的出口被沙洲阻塞了。
The dam controls the outflow of water from the reservoir.
水坝控制着水库的泄水。
The company experienced a significant outflow of cash during the recession.
在经济衰退期间，该公司出现了大量现金流出。
The mine has an outflow of contaminated water that needs to be treated.
该矿有一个受污染的水流需要处理。
The patient's condition was stabilized after controlling the outflow of blood.
在控制住出血后，病人的病情稳定下来了。
The company's outflow of talent is a major concern for management.
公司的人才流失是管理层的一大忧虑。
The air conditioning system maintains a constant outflow of cool air.
空调系统保持恒定的冷气流出。
The outflow from the heart pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body.
心脏的流出血液将含氧血液输送到全身。
The financial outflow for the project exceeded the initial budget.
该项目的财务支出超出了最初的预算。
The factory has an outflow pipe that discharges waste into the river.
工厂有一根排水管将废物排入河中。
In the first half of 2020, its cash flow from operating activities turned positive to reach 2.42 million yuan, while the outflow was 52 million yuan in 2018 and 223 million yuan in 2019, according to business news portal Lanjinger.
据商业新闻网站“蓝鲸”报道，2020年上半年，其经营活动现金流转为正，达到2420万元人民币，而2018年和2019年分别流出5200万元人民币和2.23亿元人民币。
Chinese foreign direct investment in Europe has been comparatively modest since China imposed regulations on capital outflows.
Colakoglu said in the past seven months, there had been a financial outflow of some $5 billion toward Turkey, including ICBC's loan package, adding that "numbers show that China is a very important partner (of Turkey).
Foreign direct investment between China and the US fell 28 percent in 2017 year-on-year to $43.4 billion due to lower Chinese outflows, according to a report by Rhodium Group released this month.
In addition, the Chinese authorities took crucial steps at the start of this year to restrict capital outflows.
His companies have been selling assets, delaying or shelving deals amid scrutiny from Chinese authorities, who are clamping down on capital outflows.
Dalian Wanda Group－the parent of the property subsidiary－has faced increased scrutiny from the Chinese government on their overseas investments, as authorities try to slow capital outflows to prevent the yuan from weakening.
After experiencing labour force outflow for decades, Koryukovka gained new life in 2013, when it attracted the interest of investors from central China's Henan province.
In general, currency depreciation encourages capital inflows and stifles capital outflows, thereby keeping cross-border capital movements generally stable.
However, when bandwagon effects emerge, currency depreciation can lead to larger-scale capital outflows, thus affecting domestic financial stability.
Analysts from Guangzhou Finance Holdings Futures Co Ltd said the Fed's tightening will result in higher financing costs in US dollars, thus suppressing aggregate social demand and triggering capital outflows from other countries.
In the midst of capital outflows, the renminbi exchange rate depreciated markedly and fell below the lows seen in October of last year.
In comparison, China's central, western and northeastern regions saw continual talent outflow.
Such large-scale support weighed on both China and the EU due to pressure from green investment and production outflows.
Affected by the Fed's interest rate hikes, smaller economies such as Lebanon have suffered from capital outflows, currency depreciation, high foreign debt and asset price declines, and their economies have fallen into recession.
As of the end of 2021, the stock of global portfolio investment outflows in Asia was close to $11.7 trillion," the report said.
Zhang from the CAITEC said the inflows and outflows of foreign capital into and out of the manufacturing industry are affected by multiple factors, including the development phase and the layout of the manufacturing industry, cost of production, industry's supporting capacity, and government policies.
After consecutive years of increasing foreign investment in China's equity and bond markets, the domestic market experienced a net outflow of capital from overseas investors in 2022, on the back of the country's property market challenges and the ramifications of its ongoing dedication to preventing the spread of COVID-19.
The resource-rich region has been long afflicted by industrial overcapacity, shrinking resources and the outflow of talent.
While northbound capital reported a net inflow of 74.2 billion yuan in June, the scene changed to a net outflow of 21 billion yuan in July.
Wang Yunfeng, vice-chairman, president and CEO of HSBC Bank (China) Ltd, said that many policy measures in China have demonstrated the government's resolve to expand opening-up in the financial sector and improve connectivity in capital markets, such as in free capital inflows, outflows and free currency exchange policies in Shanghai's Lin-gang Special Area.
Even though there have been some investment outflows to Southeast Asia due to lower labor costs, it does not conflict with the investment plans of US firms in China, which are more about collaboration in high-tech and service industries and in line with China's high quality growth strategy, he said.
Under such a comparison, it can be seen that China's easing will not result in capital outflow or depreciation in the renminbi exchange rate.
For instance, reduced external demand for Chinese products will influence the performance of China's exports, and there could also be the risk of foreign capital outflows.
At the same time, however, China has a mechanism to restrict capital outflows, "which is extremely helpful".
- The scale of China's foreign-trade order outflow is manageable and its impact is limited, said the Ministry of Commerce on Wednesday.
"The impact of the outflow of returned orders is generally controllable," Li said.
"While we still expect another RRR and policy rate cut in Q2, the chance is now lower and we don't expect additional broad-based easing in Q3, with capital outflow pressure amid the policy divergence with the United States acting as a constraint. "
Huang Yiping, chairman of the academic committee of the China Finance 40 Forum, said the Fed's ongoing tightening could shrink global liquidity and pile on the pressure of capital outflows and currency depreciation on many developing economies.
However, if China's economy maintains steady growth and offers decent investment returns, the risk of capital outflows will ease," he said.
Going forward, it will become necessary for China to strengthen macroprudential management to prevent excessive capital outflows if the yuan sees severe depreciation, said Zhang Liqing, director of the Central University of Finance and Economics' Center for International Finance Studies.
In terms of international direct investment inflow and outflow, Asian economies outperformed the global average in 2020, showing that the regional production chains have not been significantly affected by COVID-19 and the China-US trade disputes, it said.
"Several financial fragility risks remain, raising the prospect of a sharp tightening of global financial conditions as well as capital outflows," he said.
With 10-year government bond yields seen as a benchmark of asset returns, the inversion in yield spread sparked concerns that China's financial assets could lose some appeal compared with their US counterparts, which in turn could lead to rising capital outflow pressure on China, experts said.
Though interest rate cuts could help alleviate domestic economic downside risks, such moves could intensify capital outflow pressure and weigh on the Chinese yuan by further bringing down Chinese bond yields, they said.
The move may not only magnify capital outflows but worsen the economic structure by stimulating the property market and sectors with low efficiency, he said.
In terms of tools that deal with aggregate monetary supply, RRR reductions will be preferable to interest rate cuts, as the latter could directly intensify outflow risks," Shao said.
Official data also pointed to a rise in capital outflows from China's bond market amid the divergence in China-US monetary policy.
Market analysts said the pressures of capital outflow and yuan depreciation will remain manageable, given that China's real interest rates, which subtract inflation and dictate real investment returns, are still performing at a higher level than counterparts in the US because of mild inflation in China.
Robin Xing, chief China economist at Morgan Stanley, said he expects China to see rising but manageable capital outflow pressure as the country maintains a decent real rate differential with the US.
"The capital outflow pressure facing the Chinese economy is expected to remain controllable as many long-term investors could still scale up their strategic allocation in Chinese financial assets, which will buffer the outflow of short-term speculative money," said Wang Qian, Vanguard's Asia-Pacific chief economist.
The risk of capital outflows, which could put pressure on some countries' currencies, could induce "premature" financial tightening.
The rise in commodity prices, damages to global supply chains and interest rate hikes in the US and Europe will put emerging markets under multiple pressures, including the worsening of international receipts and payments, acceleration in capital outflows and intensification of the external debt risks.
In 2021, over 210 billion yuan from the coordination mechanism went to the central and western regions as well as the northeastern "rust belt" provinces, as a greying population weighs on their pension payments and growing labor outflows squeeze pension income.
The yield spread between Chinese and US government bonds has remained as high as 1.4 percentage points of late, providing a cushion for any capital outflow pressure on China due to the divergence in the two economies' monetary stances.
If the Fed expands its balance sheet, the overall impact will not be very negative for the rest of the world, because the implementation of the Fed's expansionary policy will increase the outflow of capital to other countries, which in turn will lead to lower interest rates, currency appreciation and firmed-up asset prices.
But the outflow figure was higher.
As China continues to open up to the outside world, the CIIE, seeing an increasing outflow effect, has become the bridge for countries that want to take the "fast train" of China's development, said Bai Ming, a senior research fellow with the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation.
The report ranked 139 countries on the basis of inflows and outflows of goods, services, finance, people and data.
该报告基于商品、服务、金融、人员和数据的流入和流出，对139个国家进行了排名。
Population outflow for cities in Hubei, Hunan and Anhui provinces can also be attributed to the strong development momentum for their provincial capitals, which attracted more people during the past 10 years.
Chinese monetary authorities will support Shanghai taking the lead in the free use of the renminbi and explore free capital inflow and outflow and free currency exchange in China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone's Lingang Special Area, said Wang Xin, director of research at the People's Bank of China, on July 20.
Northeast China, which includes Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin provinces, saw its population decrease by 11 million during the past 10 years due to low birth rate and population outflow.
Faster US recovery could cause a rapid rise in interest rates, which could lead to a sharp tightening of financial conditions and significant capital outflows from emerging and developing economies, the IMF chief warned.
"But we need to monitor the changes in stock prices and exchange rates in order to avoid huge outflows of foreign capital for speculative purposes," Huang said.
I suggest easing of some measures on forex outflows.
Under the current situation, China should actively consider relaxing some specific measures on forex outflows, allowing some foreign capital to flow out of the country, which can reduce the pressure of renminbi appreciation.
First, the China-EU CAI will further promote China-EU investment cooperation and foreign direct investment inflows and outflows.
Wang Youxin, a researcher at a research institute of the Bank of China, said more efforts are needed to continue optimizing the business environment, reducing barriers for market entry and attracting the inflow of foreign capital, so as to avoid the disorderly outflow of key links in the industrial chain.
In terms of attracting talent, the IT and internet industry saw the biggest inflow of talent, while service, manufacturing and financing experienced a significant outflow of talent.
With the sustained and stable recovery of domestic economy and the further opening-up of financial market, cross-border capital inflows and outflows are more active, said Wang Chunying, deputy director and spokeswoman of SAFE.
Northbound capital reported a net outflow for one week before the National Day holiday.
The WGC said gold ETFs in the Chinese market saw an outflow of about 521 million yuan ($72.58 million) in the first half, supported by expectations of a strong economic recovery at the beginning of the year, and profits triggered by gold price increases.
Though several megacities could continue to see tight housing supply and rising property prices, the pressure of rising residential real estate prices will be significantly mitigated in most cities, with even downside risks for cities facing net population outflows.
Land supply, especially for residential purposes, should be increased in cities with population inflows, and reduced in those with population outflows.
在人口流入的城市中，应增加尤其是用于住宅目的的土地供应；而在人口流出的城市，则应减少此类土地供应。
In contrast, gold-backed ETF experienced a slight outflow of 3.7 tonnes in the second quarter, mainly because some investors chose to trade the investments to cash.
相比之下，第二季度黄金支持的ETF遭遇了约3.7吨的轻微资金流出，主要原因是一些投资者选择将此类投资兑换为现金。
The modest outflows only partly offset the strong inflows from the first six months.
“上半年强劲的资金流入仅被适度的资金流出部分抵消。”
Provinces with large population outflows such as Gansu and Guizhou, as well as the municipality of Chongqing, saw the highest year-on-year growth in the number of parcels being sent out.
像甘肃和贵州这样人口大量外流的省份，以及重庆市，在寄出包裹的数量上都出现了同比最高增长。
Therefore, Chinese central regulators should take stricter control of capital flowing into the Chinese property market in the following years, while policies regarding capital outflow can be moderately relaxed, he said.
因此，他认为，中国中央监管机构在未来几年应加强对流入中国房地产市场资本的控制，而关于资本外流的政策可以适度放宽。
If more world-class educational programs are available within China, it could help expand the existing market, making it attractive for foreign players as well as helping local students, besides lowering capital outflows, industry insiders said.
It expects higher funding cost and shorter loan tenors to exacerbate small homebuilders' liquidity risks in 2019, as refinancing of existing offshore maturities has come at a higher cost, which will increase cash outflow for interest payments.
The US recorded $2.3 billion worth of acquisitions against $3.1 billion of disposal volume, suggesting a net outflow of Chinese real estate capital from the US.
"Actually we've suffered the outflow of some projects with good prospects owing to the limited land," he said.
The one wild card is the outflow of overseas capital from Hong Kong for better returns from investments in the US.
So far, though, net capital outflow has remained “manageable” without the need to drastically raise interest rates to defend the Hong Kong dollar.
Great Wall could also have found it tough to obtain Chinese regulatory approval due to recent restrictions on capital outflow, Deutsche Bank AG analysts Vincent Ha and Fei Sun wrote in a report on Tuesday.
Beijing had witnessed a net talent outflow, which was related to the capital's industrial layout, said the report.
While the US Federal Reserve will likely maintain high interest rates for a longer-than-expected period, there may be continued capital outflow pressure in China as the country makes more efforts to stabilize economic growth, further lower financing costs and prepare for any possible external financial stress.
But certain standards, conditions and appropriate timing are needed for such funds to be effective, including drastic share price declines, irrational capital outflows, less satisfactory results from other stimulative policies and stagnant trading volume levels, they said.
All such factors together have resulted in capital outflow from the A-share market, dragging down indexes, the analysts at HuaAn Securities added.
Despite Monday's slide, the northbound capital, the value at which overseas investors buy into the A-share market via the stock connect program linking the Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong exchanges, reported a net daily purchase of nearly 1.05 billion yuan ($150 million), ending the net capital outflow of six consecutive days.
Capital outflow pressure on China due to US tightening has eased as foreign investors made net purchases of Chinese onshore bonds for months, including a net purchase of $24.5 billion in December, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange said on Monday.
However, as China has made a series of policy adjustments, there is a high possibility that this year its economic growth will be more robust and the overall external environment will be more satisfactory, with foreign direct investment increasing and short-term capital outflows declining.
Despite the more optimistic forecasts, as of Friday, foreign capital still registered a net outflow of 7.96 billion yuan from A shares since the beginning of the year, via northbound trading of the stock connect programs between the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong exchanges.
With the outflow indicating that investors are still adopting a wait-and-see approach amid lingering uncertainties, the A-share market declined for two weeks in a row since the new year, with the CSI 300 Index ending Friday's trading at 3,284.17 points, down 1.35 percent from a week earlier.
Such irresponsible comments and moves, which, as we see things, only function to damage prospects and trigger sharp volatility in banking shares, also exacerbated cross-border capital outflows and renminbi depreciation pressure.
"The US Federal Reserve may maintain high interest rates for a longer period of time while China needs to promote reductions in financing costs, which could lead to capital outflows.
Northbound capital — the amount that overseas investors buy into the A-share market — reported a net capital inflow of nearly 7 billion yuan, ending the outflow trend since late September.
Zhang Qiyao, chief strategist at Industrial Securities, said that foreign institutions' positive outlook on China's economic growth will mitigate the pressure of capital outflow in the A-share market and even result in capital inflow in the following months.
The A-share market historically generated an average return of 8 percent in the three months after the market saw foreign monthly capital outflows as much as what was recorded recently, Wang said.
The pace of outflow has slowed this month as the amount of outflow came in at 27.97 billion yuan from the beginning of the month to Monday, according to market tracker Wind Info.
This happened despite recent market drops, which have triggered some short-term capital outflows via the northbound trading of the stock connects between the exchanges on the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong.
On Monday, northbound trading of stock connects between mainland and Hong Kong exchanges saw a net 8.25 billion yuan ($1.13 billion) outflow of A shares, after Bloomberg reported on Friday that Morgan Stanley had cut its price targets of Chinese equities indexes due to earnings pressures.
China still provides competitive real interest rates — which remove the effects of inflation to reflect real asset yields — when compared to the US, Lou said, which will also help China counter the potential pressure of capital outflows induced by loosening monetary policy.
This divergence may widen US-China interest rate differentials and intensify capital outflow pressure on China.
As explained by CITIC Securities' Chief Economist Ming Ming, this cut will aggravate the inverted interest rates between China and the United States, which may result in capital outflow from the Chinese bond market.
Yet, it also raised discussions of whether easing interest rates will widen the US-China interest rate difference, stimulate capital outflows and put pressure on the renminbi.
As a result, SVB failed to maintain an adequate level of liquidity to address the risk of deposit outflows.
As China's economy steadily recovers, renminbi-denominated assets have become increasingly appealing to global investors, which can help offset the pressure of capital outflow caused by the US-China interest rate differential, Zhou said.
With the Fed raising interest rates by as many as 425 basis points to tame inflation this year, many economies across the world have felt the pressures of local currency depreciation, capital outflow and higher debt costs.
Many emerging market economies are facing the pressure of domestic currency depreciation, capital outflow and inflation simultaneously.
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