n.农奴制，农奴身份

Serfdom was abolished in Russia during the reign of Tsar Alexander II in the mid-19th century.
在19世纪中期，俄国沙皇亚历山大二世时期废除了农奴制。
The peasants lived in servitude to the landowners under the system of serfdom in medieval Europe.
在中世纪欧洲，农民在农奴制度下受地主的奴役。
Serfs were legally bound to their lords, unable to leave without permission and forced to work on their lord's lands.
农奴在法律上隶属于领主，没有许可不能离开，必须在领主的土地上劳作。
The abolition of serfdom marked a significant step towards modernization in Eastern Europe.
废除农奴制标志着东欧向现代化的重要一步。
Many serfs dreamed of freedom, but the harsh realities of life under serfdom often crushed their aspirations.
许多农奴梦想自由，但在农奴制下的严酷现实常常使他们的希望破灭。
After the American Revolution, the practice of indentured servitude was replaced by free labor, while serfdom remained prevalent in some European countries.
美国独立战争后，契约奴役被自由劳动取代，而农奴制在某些欧洲国家仍然盛行。
Serfdom was a major factor contributing to social unrest and uprisings in the early 19th century.
农奴制是19世纪初社会动荡和起义的主要原因之一。
The conditions of serfs were often harsh, with little hope for improvement or social mobility.
农奴的生活条件通常艰苦，几乎没有改善或社会流动的希望。
The解放宣言 in解放黑奴的文献中，也提及了废除农奴制，以确保所有劳动者享有平等权利。
解放奴隶的文件中提到废除农奴制，以确保所有劳动者享有平等的权利。
Despite the eventual end of serfdom, its legacy continued to shape the social and economic structures in those regions for many years.
尽管农奴制最终结束，但其影响在那些地区塑造了社会和经济结构多年。