精神主义

Spiritism is a belief in communication with the spirits of the dead.
灵学是一种与亡灵沟通的信仰。

The practice of spiritism involves using mediums to communicate with spirits.
灵学的实践涉及到使用媒介与灵魂交流。

Some people find comfort in spiritism, believing it helps them connect with loved ones who have passed away.
一些人从灵学中找到安慰，相信它能帮助他们与已故的亲人建立联系。

Critics argue that spiritism is nothing more than a form of entertainment and has no real spiritual value.
批评者认为，灵学只不过是娱乐的一种形式，没有任何真正的精神价值。

The concept of spiritism can be traced back to the 19th century, when it was first introduced by Allan Kardec.
灵学的概念可以追溯到19世纪，当时由Allan Kardec首次引入。

Despite its controversial nature, spiritism continues to attract followers around the world.
尽管存在争议，但灵学仍继续吸引世界各地的追随者。

In some cultures, spiritism is an accepted part of religious practice.
在一些文化中，灵学是宗教实践的一部分。

Spiritism often involves the use of seances, where mediums attempt to contact spirits.
灵学通常涉及降神会的使用，其中媒介尝试与灵魂接触。

The beliefs of spiritism are not universally accepted, and many people view it as pseudoscience.
灵学的信仰并不被普遍接受，许多人将其视为伪科学。

Some practitioners of spiritism claim to have had personal experiences with spirits, which they believe confirms the validity of their beliefs.
一些灵学的实践者声称有与灵魂的个人体验，他们认为这证实了其信仰的有效性。