端粒

Telomeres are specialized structures at the ends of chromosomes that protect them from degradation.
端粒是染色体末端的特殊结构，防止它们遭受降解。
The length of telomeres is inversely correlated with cellular aging.
端粒的长度与细胞老化呈负相关。
Telomerase, an enzyme, can add DNA repeats to telomeres, thus counteracting telomere shortening.
逆转录酶能够向端粒添加DNA重复序列，从而对抗端粒缩短。
Cancer cells often have high levels of telomerase activity, allowing them to maintain longer telomeres and evade senescence.
癌细胞通常具有高水平的端粒酶活性，使它们能维持更长的端粒并逃避衰老。
In humans, shorter telomeres are associated with increased risk of age-related diseases like cardiovascular disease and cancer.
在人类中，较短的端粒与年龄相关疾病（如心血管疾病和癌症）的风险增加有关。
Replicative stress can lead to progressive shortening of telomeres in somatic cells.
复制压力会导致体细胞中的端粒逐渐缩短。
Telomere dysfunction can trigger genomic instability and contribute to the development of various pathologies.
端粒功能障碍可引发基因组不稳定，并促进各种病理状况的发展。
Regular exercise has been linked to better maintenance of telomere length over time.
定期锻炼已被证实有助于随时间保持更好的端粒长度。
Scientists are studying telomeres and their role in aging as potential targets for anti-aging therapies.
科学家们正在研究端粒及其在衰老过程中的作用，将其作为潜在的抗衰老疗法靶点。
Inheritance patterns play a role in determining the initial length of telomeres in offspring.
遗传模式在决定后代初始端粒长度方面发挥作用。