n.溶酶体；溶菌体

Lysosomes are the "garbage disposal" of the cell, containing hydrolytic enzymes that break down waste materials.
The fusion of a lysosome with a phagosome allows the cell to digest engulfed pathogens.
Lysosomal storage diseases occur when the lysosomes cannot properly degrade certain substances, leading to cellular damage.
Autophagy involves the formation of autophagosomes, which then fuse with lysosomes for self-degradation.
Lysosomes play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by recycling cellular components.
In response to stress, cells can increase lysosomal activity to manage toxic substances.
Lysosomes participate in programmed cell death through the process of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP).
They carry out catabolic processes, such as breaking down macromolecules like proteins and lipids within the lysosome.
The study of lysosomes has led to advancements in understanding cellular metabolism and disease mechanisms.
Lysosomal dysfunction is implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders, like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
线粒体是细胞内的“垃圾处理站”，包含分解废物的水解酶。
当吞噬体与溶酶体融合时，细胞可以消化吞噬的病原体。
溶酶体储存疾病发生在溶酶体无法有效降解某些物质时，导致细胞损伤。
自噬过程涉及到形成自噬体，随后与溶酶体融合进行自我分解。
溶酶体通过回收细胞成分，在维持细胞内稳态中起关键作用。
在应对压力时，细胞会增加溶酶体活动来管理有毒物质。
溶酶体参与程序性细胞死亡，通过溶酶体膜渗透（LMP）的过程。
它们执行诸如分解蛋白质和脂质等大分子的异化过程，这些过程主要在溶酶体内进行。
对溶酶体的研究推动了我们对细胞代谢和疾病机理的理解。
溶酶体功能障碍与多种神经退行性疾病，如帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病有关。