n.常染色体，正染色体

An autosome is a chromosome that is not a sex chromosome, and humans have 22 pairs of autosomes.
常染色体是指并非性染色体的人类染色体，人类共有22对常染色体。
Autosomes carry genetic information that is not related to gender determination.
常染色体携带着与性别决定无关的遗传信息。
In Mendelian inheritance, traits linked to autosomes follow the rules of independent assortment.
在孟德尔遗传中，与常染色体相关的性状遵循独立分配的规律。
The DNA sequence on an autosome can vary greatly between individuals within a species.
同一物种内不同个体间的常染色体DNA序列可能存在显著差异。
Autosomal recessive disorders require two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) for the disease to manifest.
常染色体隐性遗传病需要两个突变基因拷贝（一个来自父亲，一个来自母亲）才会表现出来。
Some genetic diseases, such as sickle cell anemia, are caused by mutations in autosomes.
某些遗传疾病，如镰状细胞贫血症，是由常染色体上的基因突变引起的。
During meiosis, homologous autosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over.
在减数分裂过程中，同源的常染色体会配对并通过交叉互换的过程交换遗传物质。
Researchers analyze differences in the DNA sequences of autosomes to understand human evolution and population genetics.
研究人员通过对常染色体上DNA序列的差异分析来了解人类进化和群体遗传学。
Autosomal dominant conditions result when only one copy of an altered gene on an autosome is inherited.
当只继承到常染色体上一份突变基因时，就会出现常染色体显性遗传病。
Medical testing sometimes involves screening for specific mutations on autosomes associated with hereditary diseases.
医疗检测有时会涉及筛查与遗传性疾病相关的特定常染色体突变。