n.(细胞的)减数分裂，成熟分裂

原形：meiosis复数：meioses

Meiosis I occurs in sexually reproducing organisms, resulting in the formation of four genetically unique daughter cells.
减数第一次分裂在有性生殖生物中发生，产生四个基因上独特的子细胞。
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over.
在减数分裂期间，同源染色体配对并通过交叉互换过程交换遗传物质。
The primary purpose of meiosis is to reduce the number of chromosomes by half, ensuring stable inheritance in offspring.
减数分裂的主要目的是减半染色体数量，确保后代的稳定遗传。
A key feature of meiosis is the formation of haploid gametes, such as sperm and egg cells, which have only one copy of each chromosome.
减数分裂的一个关键特征是形成单倍体配子，如精子和卵细胞，它们每条染色体只有一份。
Meiosis involves two consecutive divisions, producing four non-identical daughter cells with half the genetic material of the parent cell.
减数分裂包括两次连续分裂，产生四个非同源的子细胞，其遗传物质仅为母细胞的一半。
Genetic recombination during meiosis increases genetic diversity among offspring by shuffling parental chromosomes.
减数分裂中的基因重组通过重新组合父母亲的染色体，增加了后代的遗传多样性。
In humans, meiosis is crucial for generating sperm and eggs, which contribute to the formation of a new individual through fertilization.
在人类中，减数分裂对于生成精子和卵子至关重要，这些通过受精作用参与新个体的形成。
Abnormalities in meiosis can lead to genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, which occur due to an extra copy of a chromosome.
减数分裂异常可能导致遗传疾病，如唐氏综合症，由于多了一条染色体而引发。
Meiosis is a highly regulated process, involving checkpoints to ensure accurate segregation of chromosomes and prevent errors.
减数分裂是一个高度调控的过程，包括检查点以确保染色体精确分离并防止错误。
Studying meiosis in plants and animals helps scientists understand genetic inheritance, evolution, and the mechanisms of genetic diseases.
研究植物和动物的减数分裂有助于科学家理解遗传继承、进化以及遗传疾病的发生机制。