减数分裂

Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in the formation of gametes, such as sperm and egg cells.
减数分裂是一种细胞分裂方式，产生配子，如精子和卵子。
During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over.
在减数分裂中，同源染色体成对并通过交叉互换过程交换遗传物质。
The first meiotic division, known as meiosis I, reduces the chromosome number by half.
第一次减数分裂，即第一次减数分裂，使染色体数目减半。
Anaphase I separates the homologous chromosomes, while anaphase II separates sister chromatids.
第一次后期将同源染色体分开，第二次后期则分离着丝粒。
A key feature of meiosis is its ability to generate genetic diversity through recombination.
减数分裂的一个关键特征是其通过重组产生遗传多样性。
Gametes resulting from meiosis have半数染色体数目， ensuring genetic diversity in offspring.
减数分裂产生的配子具有半数染色体，确保后代的遗传多样性。
Meiotic checkpoint mechanisms ensure proper segregation of chromosomes during cell division.
减数分裂检查点机制保证细胞分裂过程中染色体的正确分配。
In humans, meiosis starts during fetal development and continues until puberty.
在人类中，减数分裂始于胎儿期，持续到青春期。
Abnormal meiosis can lead to genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, due to an extra copy of chromosome 21.
(异常的减数分裂可能导致遗传疾病，如唐氏综合症，因为有额外的21号染色体拷贝。
Scientists study meiosis extensively to understand genetic inheritance and evolution.
科学家们广泛研究减数分裂以了解遗传和进化。