Eric is an American
migrant.
埃里克是一个美国移民。
Migrants are often no better off than they were in the countryside.
移居者的情况则往往比他们原来农村时好不到哪儿去。
Training centres and institutions have been established to serve
migrant women.
建立了培训中心和机构，为外来务工妇女提供服务。
The
migrant workers often face harsh living and working conditions in the city.
移民工人在城市里常常面临严峻的生活和工作条件。
The government has introduced new policies to assist
migrants in finding employment.
政府出台了新政策以帮助移民找到工作。
Many birds are migratory, traveling long distances to find food or breeding grounds.
许多鸟类是迁徙的，会长途跋涉寻找食物或繁殖地。
The documentary focuses on the challenges faced by child
migrants separated from their families.
这部纪录片聚焦于与家人分离的儿童移民所面临的挑战。
Migrant labor plays a crucial role in the agricultural industry during harvest seasons.
在收获季节，外来劳动力对农业产业起着至关重要的作用。
The charity provides legal aid to
migrants who have been victims of human trafficking.
该慈善机构为成为人口贩卖受害者的移民提供法律援助。
There has been a significant increase in the number of international
migrants seeking asylum in Europe.
寻求庇护的国际移民数量在欧洲显著增加。
The study explores the cultural adaptation of
migrants in their host countries.
这项研究探讨了移民在其所在国的文化适应。
Migrant communities often establish their own networks and support systems within their new environments.
移民群体常常在新环境中建立自己的网络和支持系统。
The artist's work reflects the diverse experiences and struggles of
migrants in urban settings.
这位艺术家的作品反映了城市环境中移民多样化的经历和挣扎。
This talent pool includes not only migrant workers but also engineers, R&D and design personnel who have been engaged in the trade for a long time, have rich experience, and can quickly respond to changes in the global market, Wei said.
魏说，这个人才库不仅包括农民工，还包括长期从事该行业、经验丰富、能够快速应对全球市场变化的工程师、研发和设计人员。
The guideline, jointly issued by four government departments including the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, encourages the use of technologies like big data, artificial intelligence, remote intelligent agricultural machinery and online services in such areas as spring farming, vocational training and recruitment of migrant workers.
该指导方针由农业农村部等四个政府部门联合发布，鼓励在春耕、职业培训和农民工招聘等领域使用大数据、人工智能、远程智能农机和在线服务等技术。
As a result, migrant workers were unable to travel for coffee harvesting.
CCIC has also launched insurance for work resumption and is expected to give it to about 1.1 million migrant workers returning to work, with the total coverage of 275 billion yuan.
China's top State asset regulator urged centrally-administrated State-owned enterprises to create more job opportunities for college graduates, migrant workers and residents in poor areas this year to help return the epidemic-hit economy to normalcy.
Migrant workers in the ramen industry can also benefit from the insurance.
The plan involves programs to facilitate quality education for migrant and left-behind children, prepare rural youth for opportunities in the 4th Industrial Revolution, and foster innovation in China's agricultural sector.
Among these are rural education, poverty-relief and helping migrant workers get tickets to visit home.
Growing numbers of urban professionals enjoy escaping the mainland for international vacations, while migrant workers are increasingly forgoing trips home to skip the financial burden of the gifts expected to accompany their arrival.
Warburg Pincus, one of Ziroom's investors, said it holds the company in high regard, saying Ziroom provides an easier housing solution for new migrant workers between the time they graduate and the time they buy their own houses.
On employment stability, the local government will provide transportation subsidies to migrant workers for returning to their positions after the Spring Festival, which falls on Feb 10, with subsidies ranging from 200 to 300 yuan per person.
The structural reforms should include those on the demand side — with a focus on, for example, giving migrant workers permanent residence and access to public services enjoyed by city dwellers — as well as supply-side reforms that involve advancing green and digital development, they said at the two-day event that began on Saturday.
In particular, a reform policy that would allow migrant workers to become urban citizens, as well as a policy to reform the rural land system, should be pushed forward in a mutually reinforcing way to ensure that production factors are allocated by the market, said Cao Yuanzheng, chairman of Bank of China International Research.
Last year, the number of rural migrant workers totaled 295.6 million, with their average monthly income coming in at 4,615 yuan ($630), the latest data from the National Bureau of Statistics showed.
Further reforms toward social security, education and other systems are needed to encourage migrant workers to settle in urban areas, and measures should be taken to ensure that they get property-based income through reforms of collective land and residential land in rural areas, Cao said.
These steps combined will enhance migrant workers' sense of belonging and shore up their willingness and capacity to live and spend in cities, which will expand demand, catalyze consumption and drive growth, Cao added.
In this case, promoting urbanization through household registration reform to release consumption potential, and providing better protections for migrant workers in cities, will have a positive impact on unleashing consumption dynamism and boosting economic growth.
College graduates and migrant workers are supported to start their own businesses and the expansion of business start-up guarantee loans is being promoted.
- Migrant workers from China's rural areas enjoyed higher incomes and better living conditions in 2022, official data showed Friday.
In 2022, migrant workers in the country earned an average of 4,615 yuan ($666.52) per month, increasing by 4.1 percent year-on-year, according to a report released by the National Bureau of Statistics.
The report also showed that China's migrant worker population had reached 295.62 million last year, an increase of 3.11 million over the previous year.
A State Council meeting earlier this month announced more assistance to college graduates, migrant workers, unemployed people, and those having difficulties in finding a job.
His proposal this year is about establishing policy-oriented financial institutions to help migrant workers and low-income families finance their housing.
It will help key groups such as college graduates, migrant workers, people lifted out of poverty and veterans to find jobs or start their own businesses.
A manufacturing powerhouse known as the "factory of the world," Guangdong is also one of the largest employers of migrant workers, who usually leave for family get-togethers before the Chinese New Year and return to work at least 15 days afterward.
Data from the human resources authority of Zhongshan, a city known for its household appliance industry, showed that from Jan 28 to early February, a daily average of 100,000 migrant workers returned to the city, which will close the labor gap by the end of February.
Liu noted that the employment situation remained stable for those labor forces who escaped poverty, given that a total of 32.78 million migrant workers enjoyed full employment in 2022, 1.33 million people more than that of the previous year, and 2.59 million people above the annual target.
Like Galanz, other companies in Guangdong, which is home to 42 million migrant workers, are making greater efforts to resume production after the holiday by facilitating the return of employees and looking for more workers.
The manufacturing hub of Kunshan sent charter buses to ferry migrant workers back, to speed up industrial production after the holiday.
Moreover, some coastal cities have provided subsidies for enterprises to charter buses for returning migrant workers and hire new employees.
In 2022, the number of rural migrant workers totaled 295.62 million, an increase of 3.11 million, or 1.1 percent compared to the previous year.
The hard-won achievement was made against the backdrop of economic slowdown, epidemic resurgence, and a complex and fluid external environment, Wang noted, attributing it to effective policies to support economic growth, help businesses, promote entrepreneurship, assist key groups including migrant workers, and strengthen training and services for job seekers.
The city will adopt 30 measures for residents, migrant workers and visitors who come to Hangzhou during the Spring Festival to stimulate consumption, stabilize the economy and develop industry, the notice said.
Wage arrears for migrant workers will be redressed, and assistance will be provided to help them return to work on time after the holidays.
Over the past four decades since the beginning of opening-up, rural migrant workers, as a production factor and growth driver, have played a key role in the nation's development progress, and their skill levels have been effectively improved.
Skills training for migrant workers will be enhanced to help them remain in employment.
In addition to employment, the ministry has also made more efforts since 2012 to improve the State-level social security network to cover more people, especially those who are vulnerable, such as migrant workers, or flexibly employed.
For rural migrant workers, the surveyed unemployment rate was 5.1 percent in July, down by 0.2 percentage points from the previous month.
Fu said the continuing downward trend can be attributed to measures targeted at helping migrant workers find jobs and quick recovery of the economy following COVID-19 outbreaks in April.
The surveyed urban unemployment rate is calculated based on the number of unemployed people who have participated in the employment survey in urban areas, including migrant workers in cities.
College graduates and migrant workers make up key groups of China's employment pool.
The government must adopt sound measures to promote employment among college graduates and rural migrant workers and take resolute steps to prohibit various forms of discrimination in the job market, he said.
"That will provide jobs, especially for migrant workers and those recently lifted out of poverty, and thus help boost consumption, stabilize employment and ensure basic living needs," he said.
We must pay close attention to the employment of key groups, particularly college graduates and migrant workers," Li said.
Efforts related to the employment of key groups such as college graduates and migrant workers will be intensified, while policies to expand employment channels for graduates will be effectively implemented.
China has introduced an array of policies in recent months to help job seekers including college students and migrant workers find jobs to keep the country's employment market stable.
As for policies concerning people's livelihoods, China will implement support policies for housing provident funds, bolster the employment and entrepreneurship of rural migrant population and rural labor, and enhance social security guarantee measures.
All eligible migrant workers who have lost their jobs, whether covered by the unemployment insurance scheme or not, will receive provisional living allowances or other forms of relief.
All eligible migrant workers who have lost their jobs, whether they are covered by the unemployment insurance policies or not, will receive provisional living allowances or other forms of relief.
In the current labor market, the free movement of labor has not yet been fully realized, as some regions still have restrictions on the settlement of migrant workers.
It highlighted the need to boost spending through increasing the income of residents, with steps to support the development of various labor markets, the operations of self-employed individuals, and improve the level of income of salaried employees in urban areas and migrant workers.
During a visit to a construction site of a water conservancy project in the province, he called for quicker issuance and use of special bonds, greater credit support and improved efficiency in project approval to expand effective investment and create more jobs for migrant workers.
By the end of this year, all urban and rural unemployed people who are in the program will continue to receive unemployment subsidies, and all unemployed migrant workers in the program will receive provisional living allowances.
到今年年底，所有参加该计划的城市和农村失业人员将继续领取失业补贴，所有参加该计划的农民工将获得临时生活补助。
Taking into account future structural shifts in China's growth model, such as rebalancing toward consumption and high-value services, and transitioning toward carbon-neutrality, the report highlights the need to close remaining gaps in the quality of education, between rural and urban areas, and on providing better social protection to migrant workers.
"We've learned from investigations that many of these people from rural areas are self-employed individuals or migrant workers who are not in permanent employment.
According to statistics, the average working time for rural migrant workers in a company or their posts is around six months.
Policies should be implemented to stabilize the employment of migrant workers, the document said.
Li stressed the need to ensure the supply and a stable price for key commodities including grain, meat, fruit and vegetables during the upcoming Spring Festival holiday, which starts on Jan 31, and guarantee that the wages of migrant workers are issued in time and in full.
Ning attributed the stable job market partly to the job creation fueled by China's continuous economic recovery and development as well as the country's pro-employment policy, which had a positive effect on the employment of college graduates and rural migrant workers.
At the end of the third quarter, the total number of rural migrant workers was 183.03 million, a year-on-year increase of 2 percent, with the scale basically returned to the same level prior to the COVID-19 outbreak.
Certain industries involving textile, shoes, hats and clothing in Quanzhou provide jobs mostly to migrant workers.
It also worked to strengthen the employment-first policy, and boost employment for key job-hunting groups, including college graduates, veterans and migrant workers.
The ministry said that employment of key groups of migrant workers, college graduates and demobilized military staff members stayed stable in the past nine months.
He also noted China's self-employed businesses offered around 300 million urban and rural job posts, while all kinds of market entities nationwide employed about 300 million migrant workers.
The domestic job market has remained stable for the past seven months, although some key groups, such as migrant workers and college graduates, still have trouble finding work.
College graduates and migrant workers remain the key groups receiving aid from administrative units in terms of getting access to job information and protecting their working rights.
The rate is calculated based on the number of unemployed people who participated in an employment survey in urban areas, including migrant workers in cities.
The meeting underlined the necessity to strengthen services for college graduates in their job-hunting process and to unblock channels for rural migrant workers to find jobs in urban areas, adding that employment security for workers on flexible payrolls must be improved.
According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics in late April, the number of migrant workers in China declined by 5.17 million last year compared to 2019, the first drop since 2008.
Migrant workers engaged in the manufacturing sector accounted for 27.3 percent of the total, and their proportion in this category continued to drop.
The NBS data showed that in 2020, the average monthly income of migrant workers in the manufacturing sector was 4,096 yuan ($634), an increase of 138 yuan, or 3.5 percent, over the previous year.
The average monthly income of migrant workers who went to cities for work was 966 yuan in 2006.
This should ring a bell to those who are aware that the income of migrant workers has roughly quadrupled in 15 years, abundantly indicating that the cost of employment for manufacturing companies has also soared.
Provinces with a large number of export-oriented manufacturing companies, such as eastern China's Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces, and Guangdong province in the country's southern region, once were major areas of employment for migrant workers.
According to him, more efforts are needed to fuel the recovery of the services sector and small enterprises, as they are still facing difficulties while employment pressure persists for some rural migrant workers and young job seekers.
The total number of migrant workers reached 174 million, a year-on-year increase of 42.1 percent, and their average monthly income reached 4,190 yuan, up 13.9 percent from the same period last year.
Domestically, some service businesses and small enterprises are still facing difficulty while employment pressure remains for some rural migrant workers and young job seekers, Liu said, adding that investment in the manufacturing sector has not recovered to pre-pandemic levels.
For example, the income level of migrant workers has not returned to pre-COVID-19 levels so far, he said.
More than 1,700 employees, or 85 percent of its staff, clocked in on the first day of work, including over 800 migrant workers who stayed on site during the holiday.
He also said the efforts to equalize the public services received by rural migrant workers and registered citizens should gather pace to elevate the migrant workers' disposable income.
Employment of some key groups such as college graduates and migrant workers, some of the most vulnerable amid the novel coronavirus pandemic, was also secured last year.
Also, about 98 percent of migrant workers had returned to their jobs since the end of last year thanks to combined measures to help them get back to workplaces amid the pandemic.
More than 1,700 employees, or 85 percent of its staff, clocked in on the first day of work, including over 800 migrant workers who stayed during the holiday.
Many places across China had encouraged residents and migrant workers to stay put for the festival to reduce the flow of personnel and curb the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic.
During this year's Spring Festival, which falls on Feb 12, many places across China encouraged residents and migrant workers to stay put for the festival to reduce the flow of personnel and curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Yet, the impact of COVID-19 resurgences on China's industrial production may be largely neutral, according to a research note from Huatai Securities, with the decision of many migrant workers to stay put during the Spring Festival likely resulting in an earlier-than-usual resumption schedule after the holiday this year.
Ahead of the Lunar New Year holiday that normally sparks the biggest mass movement of people on the planet, Chinese authorities advised migrant workers and residents to stay put, pledged to guarantee sufficient supplies of daily necessities and asked e-commerce platforms and logistics companies to ensure normal operations during the period.
The PMI decline reflects a weakening of the sequential growth momentum due to new COVID-19 cases and stricter government virus control measures, which include stricter social distancing rules, the reimposition of lockdown measures and travel bans in some parts of China, and nationwide initiatives to encourage migrant workers to stay in the cities of their workplaces for the upcoming Lunar New Year holiday, said Lu Ting, chief China economist at Nomura Securities, a Japanese brokerage, in a research note.
In the long run, the country should focus on income distribution reforms, promote long-term apartment rentals in first-tier cities, improve endowments, health and unemployment insurances, and promote urbanization to unlock consumption potential for migrant workers after they become urban residents.
Ahead of the Lunar New Year holiday that normally sparks the biggest mass movement of humans on the planet, Chinese authorities advised migrant workers and residents to stay put, pledged to guarantee sufficient supplies of daily necessities and asked e-commerce platforms and logistics companies to ensure normal operation during the period.
Lu Ting, chief China economist with securities firm Nomura, said that to fight the latest wave of sporadic and cluster COVID-19 cases, Chinese authorities have tightened social distancing measures, reimposed some locality-based lockdown measures and travel bans, and encouraged migrant workers to stay in the cities of their workplaces for the impending Lunar New Year holiday.
But with many migrant workers staying put for the Lunar New Year, work could resume quickly," the SCMP pointed out in the article.
There are more than 200 million migrant workers in China, and the income of migrant workers at MNCs, and their remittances sent home have become an important source that promotes China's economic growth.
By liberalizing the restrictions on the transfer of rural residential bases and promoting the reform in property rights of residential bases, migrant workers living in cities, especially those who have already "urbanized" after 80 and 90 years, can enjoy the proceeds from the value-added of land transfer and lay the foundation for their integration into cities.
According to Erin Xin, an economist for HSBC, the positive employment reading will support a recovery in incomes, particularly for migrant workers, most of whom are employed in the services sector.
As migrant workers contribute roughly 15 percent to all retail sales in China, a more sustained employment recovery in services can further help the consumption recovery, she said.
Moreover, if China accelerates the implementation of reforms of the household registration system to allow a growing number of migrant workers to have urban household status, the government will encourage these people to make greater contribution to the local economy in terms of consumption, he said.
Furthermore, if China accelerates the implementation of reforms of the household registration system to allow more migrant workers to have urban household status, the government will encourage these people to make greater contribution to the local economy in terms of consumption, he said.
Qu Hongbin, chief China economist at HSBC, also noted that reforms of the household registration system will be helpful to relieve migrant workers from their concerns about housing, healthcare and child education, thus lowering their motivation in saving money and increasing their willingness to spend.
"Our estimates show that if China allows migrant workers to enjoy the same social welfare as urban residents, this reform alone will speed up China's GDP growth by 0.6 percentage point every year and largely increase migrant workers' spending while the other conditions remain unchanged.
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