下沉

The sun's rays that reach the Earth's surface are an example of downwelling radiation.
太阳射向地球表面的光线是向下辐射的一个例子。
In the ocean, downwelling currents can bring nutrients from deeper layers to the surface, supporting marine life.
在海洋中，向下流动的水流可以将深层的营养物质带到水面，支持海洋生物的生存。
Downwelling winds often occur in mountainous regions, causing rain on the windward side and dry conditions on the leeward side.
在山区，向下吹的风常常出现，导致迎风坡降雨而背风坡干燥。
The greenhouse effect is a process where certain gases trap downwelling solar radiation, leading to global warming.
温室效应是一个过程，某些气体捕获向下辐射的太阳辐射，导致全球变暖。
In atmospheric studies, downwelling infrared radiation is used to measure temperature in the lower atmosphere.
在大气研究中，向下辐射的红外辐射被用来测量低层大气的温度。
The albedo effect, which reflects sunlight back into space, reduces the amount of downwelling radiation reaching the Earth.
反照率效应，将阳光反射回太空，减少了到达地球的向下辐射量。
Coastal upwelling systems can lead to downwelling of nutrient-rich waters, enhancing fisheries productivity.
沿海上升流系统可以导致富含营养物水体的向下流动，增强渔业生产力。
During winter, downwelling light levels decrease, affecting photosynthesis rates in plants.
冬季，向下辐射的光强度降低，影响植物的光合作用速率。
In the context of climate models, downwelling radiation plays a crucial role in determining the energy balance of the Earth's surface.
在气候模型的背景下，向下辐射在决定地球表面的能量平衡方面起着关键作用。
Atmospheric scientists study downwelling and upward radiation to understand the Earth's energy budget and climate patterns.
大气科学家研究向下和向上辐射，以了解地球的能量预算和气候模式。