n.本轮，周转圆

In Ptolemaic astronomy, planets were thought to move on epicycles to explain their retrograde motion.
在托勒密天文学中，人们认为行星在本轮上移动以解释它们的逆行运动。
The theory of epicycles was later replaced by heliocentrism.
本轮理论后来被日心说所取代。
The complex paths of celestial bodies led ancient astronomers to propose the concept of epicycles.
天体复杂的路径促使古代天文学家提出了本轮的概念。
Copernicus' model simplified the need for numerous epicycles in describing planetary orbits.
哥白尼的模型简化了描述行星轨道时对众多本轮的需要。
The use of epicycles in medieval astronomy was an attempt to reconcile observed data with geocentric theories.
中世纪天文学中使用本轮是试图调和观测数据与地心说之间的矛盾。
Despite its inaccuracies, epicycles allowed for relatively precise predictions of planetary positions.
尽管存在不准确性，但本轮仍然能够进行相对精确的行星位置预测。
Galileo's observations of Jupiter's moons challenged the epicycle theory directly.
伽利略对木星卫星的观察直接挑战了本轮理论。
In modern times, the term "epicycle" is often used metaphorically to describe convoluted explanations or unnecessary complexity.
在现代，“本轮”这一术语常被比喻性地用来描述复杂的解释或不必要的繁琐。
The epicyclic gear system is a mechanical application inspired by the astronomical concept.
周转齿轮系统是从天文概念中得到灵感的一种机械应用。
Kepler's laws of planetary motion ultimately debunked the need for epicycles in understanding our solar system.
开普勒的行星运动定律最终揭示了在理解我们太阳系时无需用到本轮。