n.糖酵解（作用）

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.
糖酵解是将葡萄糖分解为丙酮酸的过程，同时产生ATP和NADH。
The first step of glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of cells, where glucose is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate.
糖酵解的第一步发生在细胞质中，葡萄糖被磷酸化为葡萄糖-6-磷酸。
In glycolysis, one molecule of glucose generates two molecules of pyruvate, providing energy for cellular processes.
在糖酵解中，一个葡萄糖分子会产生两个丙酮酸分子，为细胞过程提供能量。
Pyruvate produced by glycolysis can enter the Krebs cycle or be further metabolized through anaerobic fermentation.
通过糖酵解产生的丙酮酸可以进入柠檬酸循环，也可以通过无氧发酵进一步代谢。
NAD+ acts as a coenzyme in glycolysis, accepting electrons and hydrogen atoms from glucose molecules.
在糖酵解过程中，NAD+作为辅酶，接受葡萄糖分子的电子和氢原子。
ATP generated during glycolysis provides the energy needed for the transport of glucose across cell membranes.
糖酵解期间产生的ATP为葡萄糖跨膜运输提供了能量。
Glycolysis is a vital process in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms, ensuring the continuous supply of energy.
糖酵解在有氧和无氧生物中都是至关重要的，保证了能量的持续供应。
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme crucial for glycolysis, converts glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate.
对于糖酵解至关重要的酶，6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶将葡萄糖-6-磷酸转化为6-磷酸葡萄糖醛酸。
If oxygen is limited, glycolysis continues without entering the citric acid cycle, producing lactic acid instead.
如果氧气不足，糖酵解会继续而不进入柠檬酸循环，产生乳酸。
The net gain of ATP from glycolysis is only two molecules, despite the multiple intermediate reactions.
虽然糖酵解中有多个中间反应，但净得的ATP分子数只有两个。