考研The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.

高等法院的判决说，审判麦克唐纳的法官没有告诉陪审团，陪审团只能看他的“官方行为”，或者前州长关于与其职责相关的“具体”和“未解决”问题的判决。

2017年考研阅读原文

六级As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar, cheaper options year after year.

作为一名前高中教师，我看到学生们年复一年地选择熟悉、便宜的选择。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar,cheaper options year after year.

作为一名前高中教师，我看到学生们年复一年地选择熟悉、便宜的选择。

2015年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

四级On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more.

另一方面，科学家们越来越认识到衰老和生物年龄是两个不同的东西，前者是心脏病、癌症等疾病的关键风险因素。

2017年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

六级since the former is most common among those inclined towards indifferent relationships, their predominance can bolster individuals' sense of self-worth.

由于前者在那些倾向于冷漠关系的人中最为常见，他们的优势可以增强个人的自我价值感。

2019年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

考研In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.

在前一种情况下，教育是附带的；这是自然和重要的，但它不是这种联系的明确理由。

2009年考研翻译原文

四级In an effort to understand the matter further, I spoke with doctors Mark Beckhoff a researcher and former professor of animal behavior.

为了进一步了解这个问题，我采访了马克·贝克霍夫医生，他是一名研究人员，也是前动物行为学教授。

2019年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

四级Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school's professors to refrain from take-home exams.

哈佛丑闻发生后，耶鲁大学前学生主任玛丽·米勒（Mary Miller）慷慨激昂地呼吁学校的教授不要参加带回家的考试。

2017年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

四级"It's been postponed until 2017," says Anna Somers, the founder and CEO of The Art Newspaper and the former head of Venice in Peril, a group devoted to restoring Venetian art.

《艺术报》创始人兼首席执行官安娜·萨默斯（Anna Somers）表示：“这项活动被推迟到2017年举行。”安娜·萨默斯是致力于恢复威尼斯艺术的威尼斯危难组织的前负责人。

2018年6月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

四级"It's been postponed until 2018," says Anna Somers, the founder and CEO of The Art Newspaper and the former head of Venice in Peril, a group devoted to restoring Venetian art.

《艺术报》创始人兼首席执行官安娜·萨默斯（Anna Somers）表示：“这项计划被推迟到2018年。”她是致力于恢复威尼斯艺术的威尼斯危难组织的前负责人。

2017年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

四级The former head of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, which oversees heritage sites, is Francesco Bandarin, a Venetian who now serves as UNESCO' assistant director- general for culture.

威尼斯人弗朗西斯科·班达林（Francesco Bandarin）是联合国教科文组织世界遗产中心（UNESCO World Heritage Centre）的前任负责人，目前担任联合国教科文组织文化事务助理总干事。

2018年6月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

六级Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of my college, as well as VICE's first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones.

卢达克里斯和美国银行前首席执行官肯·刘易斯是我所在学院的校友，也是副校长的第一位女主编埃利斯·琼斯。

2018年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

高考In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult.

在前一种情况下，我们总是推迟一项任务，因为它要么太无聊，要么太难。

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

四级Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.

根据前联合国秘书长安南领导的全球人道主义论坛的一份报告，全球变暖每年造成30多万人死亡，约1250亿美元的经济损失。

2011年6月阅读原文

高考That former prisoner was cervantes, and the book was don quixote.

那个前囚犯是塞万提斯，书是唐吉诃德。

2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

六级George Grune, a former ad salesman who joined Reader s digest in 1960 has his eye focused on the bottom line.

乔治·格伦（George Grune）是一位前广告推销员，1960年加入《读者文摘》（Reader s digest），他的目光集中在了底线上。

2018年6月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

高考Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this job was no game for him: he meant business.

莫里斯·阿什利善良而聪明，是一名刚毕业的教师，这份工作对他来说不是游戏：他是认真的。

2018年高考英语全国卷I 完形填空 原文

六级And I’m going to pick a definition from a former colleague, Robert Sternberg, who is now the dean at Tufts University, but was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly 30 years.

我将从一位前同事Robert Sternberg那里选择一个定义，他现在是塔夫茨大学的院长，但在耶鲁大学任教近30年。

2016年12月听力原文

六级Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.

乔治华盛顿大学前校长斯蒂芬·特雷斯登伯格（Stephen Trachtenberg）估计，一所典型的学院在一个日历年的一半多一点的时间里将其设施用于学术目的。

2012年6月阅读原文

高考The family rented a former church in downtown portland and scheduled a concert.

这家人在波特兰市中心租了一座以前的教堂，并安排了一场音乐会。

2019年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

高考One day I met a former classmate of mine who was making a lot of money running a sideline.

有一天，我遇到了我的一位前同学，他经营副业赚了很多钱。

2018年高考英语浙江卷 完形填空 原文

高考Through the years, I'd run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates.

这些年来，我遇到过一些以前的学生，他们会提供老同学的最新情况。

2017年高考英语全国卷2 完形填空 原文

六级And I'm going to pick a definition from a former colleague, Robert Sternberg, who is now the dean at Tufts University, but was here on our faculty at Yale for nearly 30 years.

我将从一位前同事Robert Sternberg那里选择一个定义，他现在是塔夫茨大学的院长，但在耶鲁大学任教近30年。

2016年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

六级Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth," Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post.

哈佛大学前校长德里克·博克（Derek Bok）对《华盛顿邮报》（Washington Post）表示：“大多数高级政府官员似乎都认为教育是确保经济竞争力和持续经济增长的一种方式。”。

2012年6月阅读原文

考研In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell.

在一项罕见的一致裁决中，美国最高法院推翻了前弗吉尼亚州州长罗伯特·麦克唐纳（Robert McDonnell）的腐败指控。

2017年考研阅读原文

六级As former Dean of Harvard College.

曾任哈佛学院院长。

2014年6月阅读原文

高考That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.

这就是为什么鱼喜欢浅水而不是深水，因为前者更温暖。

2015年高考英语广东卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

四级According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark that we have to be wary of the unknown unknowns were mistaken.

根据莱斯利的说法，那些嘲笑前国防部长唐纳德·拉姆斯菲尔德（Donald Rumsfeld）2002年的言论——我们必须警惕未知的未知——的人是错误的。

2017年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

六级Jack White, the former front man of the White Stripes and an influential figure among fellow musicians, likes to make things difficult for himself.

杰克·怀特（Jack White）曾是“白条纹乐队”的代言人，在其他音乐家中也是一位有影响力的人物，他喜欢给自己制造麻烦。

2013年12月阅读原文

六级As former Dean of Harvard College, Harry Lewis，noted in a blog post about his objections, “It seems very odd for Harvard to honor such a high profile popularizer of the irrational.

正如哈佛学院前院长哈里·刘易斯在一篇关于他的反对意见的博客文章中所指出的那样，“哈佛大学向如此高调的非理性大众致敬似乎很奇怪。

2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题（一）

六级After revelations by the former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden in 2013 that the government both cozied up to ( 讨 好 ) certain tech companies and hacked into others to gain access to private data on an enormous scale, tech giants began to recognize the United States government as a hostile actor.

2013年，前国家安全局承包商爱德华·斯诺登披露，政府都讨好（讨 好 ) 某些科技公司并大规模入侵其他公司以获取私人数据，科技巨头开始认识到美国政府是一个敌对行为者。

2017年12月英语六级考试真题（卷三）

六级Today, it exceeds every country but Japan where industrialized employees load 2155 hours a year compared with 1951 in the US and 1603 in the former West Germany.

如今，它超过了除日本以外的所有国家，日本的工业化员工每年工作2155小时，而美国为1951小时，前西德为1603小时。

2007年6月英语六级真题

六级“It’s an outrage that any American’s life expectancy should be shortened simply because the company they worked for went bankrupt and ended health-care coverage,” said the former chairman of the International Steel Group.

国际钢铁集团前主席表示：“仅仅因为他们工作的公司破产并终止了医疗保险，任何美国人的预期寿命都应该缩短，这令人愤慨。”。

2007年12月英语六级真题

六级The first employees hired by Knight were former college athletes.

奈特雇佣的第一批员工是前大学生运动员。

2008年12月英语六级真题

六级The former ethic suggested success was founded on integrity, modesty, loyalty, courage, patience, and so forth.

前一种伦理认为，成功建立在正直、谦逊、忠诚、勇气、耐心等基础上。

2011年12月英语六级真题

四级The former represents a kind of comprehension which is written in the text.

前者代表了一种写在文本中的理解。

1994年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级The former requirement is obviously important on a personal level, but it is vital if you are to have any chance of finding work.

前一项要求在个人层面上显然很重要，但如果你想找到工作，这一点至关重要。

1999年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级With the former, however, you get it by giving it.

然而，对于前者，你通过给予来获得它。

2006年12月大学英语新四级(CET-4)真题

四级In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.

2003年，当剑桥大学任命另一名前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森·理查德为副校长时，该校公开强调，在她之前的工作中，她监督了“耶鲁大学财务状况的重大加强”。

2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题

四级Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.

根据前联合国秘书长科菲·安南领导的全球人道主义论坛的一份报告，全球变暖每年造成30多万人死亡，约1250亿美元的经济损失。

2011年6月英语四级考试真题

四级I had warned my former employer about my condition but it served little purpose.

我曾就我的病情警告过我的前雇主，但收效甚微。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题(3)

四级Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-hone exams.

哈佛丑闻发生后，耶鲁大学前学生系主任玛丽·米勒慷慨激昂地呼吁学校的教授们不要参加艰苦的考试。

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）

四级According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former.

据莱斯利说，那个些嘲笑前者的人。

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)

四级On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more.

另一方面，科学家们越来越多地认识到，衰老和生物年龄是两回事，前者是心脏病、癌症等疾病的关键风险因素。

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)

四级The former head of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, which oversees heritage sites, is Francesco Bandarin, a Venetian who now serves as UNESCO's assistant director-general for culture.

负责监督遗产的联合国教科文组织世界遗产中心的前负责人是威尼斯人弗朗西斯科·班达林，他现在担任联合国教教科文组织负责文化事务的助理总干事。

2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第2套)

四级On one side are white parents like Catherine Foley, a former president of the Parent-Teacher-Student Association at her daughter's middle school, who has come to see the district's increasingly pressured atmosphere as opposed to learning.

一方是白人家长，比如凯瑟琳·福利，她女儿所在中学的前家长教师学生协会主席，她看到了该地区日益紧张的氛围，而不是学习。

2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套)

四级It’s about an hour outside Seoul, built on former tidal flats along the Yellow Sea.

离首尔大约一个小时的路程，它建在黄海沿岸以前的滩涂上。

2019年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）

考研Do the former outweigh the latter?

前者大于后者吗？

1985年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.

这并不是说一种情况下的天平和另一种情况中的天平在结构或工作方式的原则上不同；但后者是一种更精细的设备，当然其测量也比前者准确得多。

1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-engineering” has been crude.

哈佛大学学者、快速发展的烘焙咖啡连锁店Au Bong Pain的前首席执行官伦纳德·施莱辛格表示，许多“重新设计”都很粗糙。

1998年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony.

英国人、德国人、荷兰人和法国人正在对英国的前殖民地进行投资。

2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about.

但它似乎从来没有注意到这么多前买家抱怨的文化和阶级偏见。

2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研“As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor.

前政治学教授弗里德曼表示：“一旦这份报告发布，我们将突然从乌克兰获得500个新的互联网注册。”。

2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.

报道援引科罗拉多州前州长理查德·拉姆的话说，年老体弱的人“有责任死去，让开”，这样更年轻、更健康的人才能发挥他们的潜力。

2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.

最高法院大法官Sandra Day O'Connor 70多岁，前外科医生C.Everett Koop 80多岁时主持一家互联网初创公司。

2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.

在前一种情况下，教育是附带的；它是自然的

2009年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题