六级All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner.

上述所有预测、计划和预期都惨遭失败，因为它们的作者和推动者认为，他们希望实现的转型将不同于以往所有的能源转型，并且可以以前所未有的方式加速其进展。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级As Vaclav Smil points out, "All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions, and that

正如瓦茨拉夫·斯米尔（Vaclav Smil）所指出的，“上述所有预测、计划和预期都失败得如此惨烈，因为它们的作者和发起人认为，他们希望实现的转型将不同于以往所有的能源转型，而且

2015年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

六级Because previous research has shown that people with high intellectual abilities are better at filtering out distractions, researchers believed students with high ACT scores would not show a significant decrease in performance due to their use of digital

因为之前的研究表明，智力高的人更善于过滤干扰，研究人员相信ACT分数高的学生不会因为使用数字技术而表现出显著的成绩下降

2018年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读

四级This disparity (差异) suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal.

这种差距(差异) 这表明我们对前一餐的记忆可能对我们的食欲的影响比实际的餐量更大。

2013年12月阅读原文

四级Cracker Jacks has been gamifying its snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, he adds, and the turn-ofthe- century steel magnate ( ' , 巨头) Charles Schwab is said to have often come into his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factory floor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one.

他补充说，100多年来，Cracker Jacks一直在通过在零食中放一个小奖品来游戏化零食，而世纪之交的钢铁巨头（“，巨头) 据说查尔斯·施瓦布经常来到他的工厂，在工厂地板上写下上一班生产的钢材吨数，从而激励下一班工人击败上一班。

2016年12月阅读原文

六级A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) at Tufts University shows that today's youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes.

塔夫茨大学公民学习和参与信息与研究中心（CIRCLE）的一项新研究表明，今天的年轻人投票人数比前几代人多，美国进步中心2008年的一项研究补充说，越来越多的年轻选民和活动家支持传统的自由主义事业。

2010年6月阅读原文

四级Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey poin

尽管经济研究和先前的调查结果表明，与母亲身份相关的职业中断可能会使女性更难在职业生涯中取得进步，也更难竞争高管职位，但在最近的调查中，相对较少的成年人参与了这项调查

2019年6月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

高考If you liked Wallace and Gromit's previous adventures and you appreciate the British sense of humour, you'll love this film.

如果你喜欢《华莱士》和《格罗米特历险记》，欣赏英国人的幽默感，你会喜欢这部电影的。

2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

考研Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.

以前关于企业社会责任的研究很难区分这些影响，因为消费者可能会受到这三种影响。

2016年考研阅读原文

考研When work started again on Monday, output duly rose compared with the previous Saturday and continued to rise for the next couple of days.

当周一再次开工时，产量与上周六相比适时上升，并在接下来的几天继续上升。

2010年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

高考For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within.

对于前几代人来说，大学是摆脱父母控制的决定性转折点；指导和支持需要同龄人和内部的帮助。

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

高考Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides.

尽管前几轮会谈，双方迄今尚未达成任何协议。

2015年高考英语天津卷 单项填空 原文

四级She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators.

她还从之前对鸟类和海豚进行的研究中了解到，这些动物一次会让一半的大脑进入睡眠状态，这样它们就可以休息，同时保持足够的警觉以躲避捕食者。

2017年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

高考Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.

此前的研究也表明，牛奶对帮助睡眠非常有效，因为它含有钙，有助于人们放松。

2016年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

六级A previous study noted that dolphins always 34 consciously control their breathing.

此前的一项研究指出，海豚总是有意识地控制自己的呼吸。

2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

四级A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of today's young adults may never marry.

皮尤研究中心之前的一项分析预测，今天的年轻人中有多达四分之一可能永远不会结婚。

2019年6月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

四级The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information.

以前的大部分研究都集中在我们如何学习和记忆新信息上。

2017年6月阅读原文

高考My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard.

我以前的家后面有一片树林，后院有许多动物。

2015年高考英语四川卷 完形填空 原文

高考Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.

尽可能快地再写一封电子邮件，并在发送时简要说明这是正确的版本，应忽略以前的版本。

2017年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

六级Or do they face more challenges than any previous generation?

还是他们面临的挑战比上一代人都多？

2019年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

考研Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.

奥克兰大学的Russell Gray和他的同事们根据两次试图在语言中寻找普遍性的尝试来考虑语法的演变。

2012年考研翻译原文

考研Dr simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one before that, then the score for the next applicant would drop by an average of 0.075 points.

simonsohn博士发现，如果前一位候选人在每日一系列受访者中的得分比前一位候选人高出0.75分或更多，那么下一位申请人的得分将平均下降0.075分。

2013年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

六级But the new work does go further than previous research and suggests that screen time should still be considered a potential barrier to young people's flourishing.

但是，这项新的研究确实比以前的研究更深入，并表明荧屏时间仍然应该被视为年轻人成长的潜在障碍。

2019年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

高考The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2, 500 people between 8:30 am and 9:30 am on a typical day, rising to 3, 250 during the researching period.

此前的试验发现，该车站的自动扶梯通常在每天上午8:30到9:30之间运送2500人，在研究期间上升到3250人。

2016年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

六级They have changed the previous migration habits of certain birds.

他们改变了某些鸟类以前的迁徙习惯。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级Some previous studies have suggested that challenging your brain with mentally stimulating activities might help.

之前的一些研究表明，用精神刺激活动挑战大脑可能会有所帮助。

2016年6月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

高考But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.

但与之前的研究相比，她发现这项研究的崩溃速度令人兴奋。

2018年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

六级Only 13 percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smartwatch in 2016, for example – an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches.

例如，只有13%的受访者表示他们有兴趣在2016年购买smartwatch，尽管今年推出了备受瞩目的智能手表，但仅比前一年增加了1%。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级Previous behavioural studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting.

以前的行为研究表明，学习新信息会导致遗忘。

2017年6月阅读原文

四级their production capacity has shrunk to less than half of the previous year

他们的生产能力已缩减到不到前一年的一半

2013年6月阅读原文

六级This means, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and the last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined.

当然，这意味着几乎所有在20世纪出版的书籍都仍然受版权保护。在上个世纪，出版的书籍比前几个世纪的总和还要多。

2011年12月阅读原文

考研In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines.

在前一个技术剧变的时代，企业家们通过想出将劳动力和机器结合起来的办法，使这一转变更加顺利。

2018年考研阅读原文

六级James Burke of Duke University is one of the authors of a study reviewing previous research on cognitive decline.

杜克大学的詹姆斯·伯克（James Burke）是一项研究的作者之一，该研究回顾了以往关于认知衰退的研究。

2016年6月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

四级They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed.

他们沿着列表工作，每项任务在前一项任务完成时开始。

2015年12月阅读原文

高考Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.

前几代人专注于让孩子们按时上学、吃饭、穿衣、准备学习。

2015年高考英语陕西卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

六级Its findings are quite contrary to previous research

它的发现与以前的研究完全相反

2012年12月听力原文

高考She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.

她在上一次田径比赛中屡遭失败。

2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项

六级Only 13 percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smartwatch in 2016, for example – an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches.

例如，只有13%的受访者表示他们有兴趣在2016年购买smartwatch，尽管今年推出了备受瞩目的智能手表，但仅比前一年增加了1%。

2016年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

六级But when our diverse team of researchers from six different disciplines and eight different countries began to review what was known, we were shocked that only a dozen previous studies had been done, including one we ourselves completed on language divers

但是，当我们来自六个不同学科和八个不同国家的多元化研究团队开始审查已知情况时，我们震惊地发现，之前只有十几项研究已经完成，包括我们自己完成的一项关于语言潜水员的研究

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

考研For one trial, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.

在一次试验中，研究人员向每位参与者展示了一堆钢笔，研究人员声称这些钢笔来自之前的一次实验。

2018年考研真题（英语二）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

六级In previous years, I earned a 99% and a 100%.

在前几年，我分别获得了99%和100%的分数。

2010年6月阅读原文

六级By reflecting on Americans' previous failures in predicting earthquakes.

通过反思美国人以前在预测地震方面的失败。

2010年6月听力原文

六级For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one.

这是美国历史上第一次出现这样的风险，即新一代人的受教育程度将低于上一代人。

2011年6月阅读原文

六级The rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one

新一代人的受教育程度将低于上一代

2011年6月阅读原文

六级The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the is on ’s , and it went into commercial service in 189 As Vaclav Smil points out, “All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner.

年代最古老的连续运行的商业水力发电厂，于189年投入商业服务

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题（二）

六级David Wallinga, for example, says, “ In previous guidelines, they’ve always been concerned with things like food security — which is presumably the mission of the USD You absolutely need to be worried about climate impacts and future sustainability if you want secure food in the future.

例如，David Wallinga说：“在以前的指导方针中，他们一直关注粮食安全等问题——这大概是美元的使命。如果你想在未来获得安全的粮食，你绝对需要担心气候影响和未来的可持续性。”。

2020年12月六级真题（第1套）

六级Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian (乌托邦式的) possibilities.

因为之前的许多痛苦和社会冲突都源于贫困，所以普遍富裕的到来暗示着乌托邦(乌托邦式的) 可能性。

2007年6月英语六级真题

六级From data collected around 1991 by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, they worked out that people who had quit in the previous decade were much more likely to be overweight than smokers and people who had never smoked .

根据美国国家健康和营养检查调查在1991年左右收集的数据，他们发现，在前十年戒烟的人比吸烟者和从未吸烟的人更容易超重。

2008年12月英语六级真题

六级Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.

他们最强烈的批评者认为，新一波移民不能，也确实不想像前几代人那样融入社会。

2008年12月英语六级真题

六级Are Modern parents needlessly overprotective, or is the world a more complicated and dangerous place than it was when previous generations were allowed to wander about unsupervised?

现代父母是不必要的过度保护，还是世界比前几代人被允许在无人监督的情况下四处游荡时更加复杂和危险？

2009年6月英语六级真题

六级Are cities and towns less safe and kids more vulnerable to crimes like child kidnap and sexual abuse than they were in previous generations?

城市和城镇是否比前几代更不安全，儿童是否更容易受到绑架和性虐待等犯罪的影响？

2009年6月英语六级真题

六级Then there’s the whole question of whether modern parents are more watchful and nervous about safety than previous generations.

还有一个完整的问题是，现代父母是否比前几代人对安全更加警惕和紧张。

2009年6月英语六级真题

六级"We think it happens to help people preserve their beliefs, so they can still hold on to the previous stereotypes. "

“我们认为这恰好有助于人们保持自己的信仰，这样他们仍然可以坚持以前的刻板印象。”

2010年6月英语六级真题

四级Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom.

大多数人都会同意，尽管我们的年龄在知识方面超过了以往所有年龄，但智慧并没有相应的增长。

1995年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Therefore, many of them keep their previous jobs until they have obtained the license.

因此，他们中的许多人在获得许可证之前一直保留以前的工作。

2002年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories.

我也知道努力实现之前胜利所创造的声誉所带来的压力。

2007年12月大学英语四级考试真题

四级In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.

2003年，当剑桥大学任命另一名前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森·理查德为副校长时，该校公开强调，在她之前的工作中，她监督了“耶鲁大学财务状况的重大加强”。

2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题

四级Learning to live without the guarantee of health is like having to unlearn a previous life.

学会在没有健康保障的情况下生活就像必须忘记以前的生活。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题(3)

四级Here's how it works: When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner's highlights and notes in the margins.

它的工作原理是：当你购买一本二手印刷书时，它会在页边空白处附上前主人的精彩片段和笔记。

2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)

四级When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner’s highlights and notes in the margins.

当你购买一本二手印刷书时，它会在页边空白处附上前主人的精彩片段和笔记。

2013年 6月大学英语四级考试真题

四级This disparity(差异) suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.

这种差异(差异) 布里斯托尔大学实验心理学教授Jeffrey M.Brunstrom说，这表明我们对前一顿饭的记忆可能比实际饭量对我们食欲的影响更大。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)

四级This disparity (差异) suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.

这种差异(差异) 布里斯托尔大学实验心理学教授Jeffrey M.Brunstrom说，这表明我们对前一顿饭的记忆可能比实际饭量对我们食欲的影响更大。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）

四级14% of the re-employed said the pay in their new job was less than half what they earned in their previous job.

14%的重新就业者表示，他们新工作的工资不到前一份工作的一半。

2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套)

四级Cracker Jacks has been “gamifying” its snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, he adds, and the turn-of- the-century steel magnate（巨头）Charles Schwab is said to have often come into his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factory floor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one.

他补充道，100多年来，Cracker Jacks一直在通过在里面放一个小奖品来“游戏化”其零食，而世纪之交的钢铁巨头(巨头）据说查尔斯·施瓦布经常来到他的工厂，把上一班的钢铁产量写在工厂的地板上，从而激励下一班的工人打败上一班。

2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）

四级The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information.

以前的大多数研究都集中在我们如何学习和记忆新信息上。

2017年6月大学英语四级真题 (第3套)

四级She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者).

她还从之前对鸟类和海豚的研究中了解到，这些动物一次将一半的大脑投入睡眠，这样它们就可以休息，同时保持足够的警惕，以躲避捕食者(捕食者).

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）

四级In the previous school year, 120 middle and high school students were recommended for mental health assessments and 40 were hospitalized.

在上一学年，120名中学生和高中生被推荐进行心理健康评估，40人住院治疗。

2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套)

四级Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted (抽取).

以前的钻井深度只能达到1000英尺，但由于新的抽水方法，现在可以提取比这更深的水(抽取).

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）

四级A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of today’s young adult may never marry.

皮尤研究中心之前的一项分析预测，当今多达四分之一的年轻人可能永远不会结婚。

2019年6月大学英语四级真题（第2套）

四级Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles.

尽管经济研究和之前的调查结果表明，与母亲身份有关的职业中断可能会使女性更难在职业生涯中取得进步和竞争高管职位，但在最近的调查中，相对较少的成年人指出这是女性寻求领导职位的关键障碍。

2019年6月大学英语四级真题（第2套）

考研That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade.

这比前十年的平均水平要快一些。

1998年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline.

此前的两次冲击都导致了两位数的通货膨胀和全球经济衰退。

2002年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题