考研More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general rel

现在，英国一半以上的科研成果都是以开放获取的方式发表的：要么从发表之日起免费提供，要么支付一年或更长时间的费用，以便出版商在进入general rel之前获利

2020年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world.

最近出现了一些反对者，从微软和亚马逊等技术巨头的竞争对手，到代表世界各地作家和出版商的小型机构。

2011年12月阅读原文

六级In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched a class action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-court settlement.

2005年，美国作家协会（Authors Guild of America）与一群美国出版商共同发起了一场集体诉讼suitxa0(集团诉讼) 针对谷歌，经过两年多的谈判，去年10月谷歌与索赔人达成庭外和解。

2011年12月阅读原文

高考Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition.

已经经商的出版商，那些拥有成功论文的人，几乎不想改变传统。

2019年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

四级Textbook versions are constantly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already on board).

教科书版本不断更新，通过最大限度地降低制作成本来激励出版商（像麦格劳·希尔这样的大出版商已经加入进来）。

2013年6月阅读原文

四级Textbook publisher Pearson is the largest publisher—of any kind—in the world.

教科书出版商皮尔逊是世界上最大的出版商。

2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

高考I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders.

我从我的汽车司机那里学到了很多：出版商需要打印机，工程师需要机械师，建筑师需要建筑工人。

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

考研Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.

出版商对向读者免费提供其产品的要求作出了回应，向其作者收取费用，以支付撰写文章的费用。

2020年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

考研Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist.

狄更斯和他的出版商只不过是紧逼着一位新的艺术家。

2017年考研阅读原文

四级David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. "It helps students understand in a way that you can't do with print homework assignments."

美国出版商协会高等教育执行主任大卫·安德森告诉BuzzFeed新闻这有助于学生理解打印作业所无法理解的内容。”

2018年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

考研“Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.

“将来的某个时候，”该报的出版商在2010年说。

2016年考研阅读原文

高考In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved.

1870年，当狄更斯去世时，全世界都为他哀悼，因为他是世界上第一位专业作家和出版商，既著名又受人爱戴。

2018年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

四级These companies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their new online offerings, when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent the future of the industry.

这些公司作为教科书出版商长期以来获得了巨额利润，它们吹嘘自己的新在线产品，当通过与它们合作的大学向学生推出时，代表了该行业的未来。

2018年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

六级The publisher, fearful of being cheated, forced her to submit to his scholarly examination by a board of educated men, including the colonial governor.

出版商担心受骗，迫使她接受包括殖民地总督在内的一群受过教育的人的学术考试。

2013年12月听力原文

六级Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates from their works).

从广义上讲，该协议为谷歌提供了一种机制，可以补偿其权利受到侵犯的作者和出版商（包括让他们分享其未来从其作品中获得的收入）。

2011年12月阅读原文

四级Textbook publishers connect professors, instructors and students in ways that alternatives, such as open e-textbooks and open educational resources, simply do not.

教科书出版商以开放式电子教科书和开放式教育资源等替代方案根本无法实现的方式将教授、教师和学生联系起来。

2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

四级He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality.

他将Inkling称为出版商从头开始构建丰富多媒体内容的平台，重点强调现实世界的功能。

2013年6月阅读原文

考研with the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.

由于论文内容是免费的，出版商只需为其期刊找到一个市场。

2020年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级Publishers were interested only in books that would sell fairly quickly in sufficient numbers to cover the costs of production and make a profit.

出版商只对那些能迅速卖出足够数量的书感兴趣，以弥补生产成本并赚取利润。

2017年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section B

考研Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.

在出版业其他部门陷入生存危机之际，科学出版商通常报告其运营利润率接近40%。

2020年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

四级It is true that textbook publishers have recently reported losses, largely due to students renting or buying used print textbooks.

的确，教科书出版商最近报告亏损，主要是因为学生租用或购买二手印刷教科书。

2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

六级The publisher, fearful of being cheated, forced her to submit to his scholarly examination by a board of educated men, including the colonial governor

出版商担心受骗，迫使她接受包括殖民地总督在内的一群受过教育的人的学术考试

2013年12月听力原文

六级Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTR has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb. 17, 20 The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.

自周五起，美国演员工会美国电视和广播艺术家联合会（SAG-AFTR）宣布对11家视频游戏发行商进行罢工，原因是这些公司在20年2月17日之后开始生产游戏。这些公司包括该行业的一些重量级公司，如艺术制作、失眠游戏、动视和迪士尼。

2019.6六级真题第二套

六级Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers?

为什么SAG-AFTRA宣布对一些视频游戏发行商进行罢工？

2019.6六级真题第二套

六级The New York Times has become the biggest publisher yet to 62 plans for a paywall around its digital offering, 63 the accepted practice that internet users will not pay for news.

《纽约时报》已成为迄今为止最大的出版商，有62家计划围绕其数字产品建立付费墙，63这是互联网用户不会为新闻付费的公认做法。

2010年12月英语六级真题

六级The New York Times’s publisher, Arthur Sulzberger, 71 that the move is a gamble: “This is a 72 , to a certain degree, in where we think the web is going.

《纽约时报》71岁的出版商Arthur Sulzberger表示，此举是一场赌博：“在某种程度上，这是一场72岁的赌博，我们认为网络将走向何方。

2010年12月英语六级真题

四级Editors and publishers are attempting to win them back.

编辑和出版商正试图赢回他们。

2002年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher.

我知道努力写一个故事却收到出版商的拒绝通知是什么感觉。

2007年12月大学英语四级考试真题

四级She married Philip Gram, who took over his father-in-law’s position shortly after and became a publisher of The Washington Post.

她嫁给了菲利普·格拉姆，后者不久后接替了岳父的职位，成为《华盛顿邮报》的出版商。

2007年12月大学英语四级考试真题

四级"Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos," he says.

他说：“出版商为我们提供了所有的源媒体、艺术品和视频。”。

2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)

四级Textbook versions are constantly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard).

教科书版本不断更新，通过最大限度地降低生产成本来激励出版商（像McGraw-Hill这样的大出版商已经加入）。

2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)

四级He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality.

他称Inkling是一个平台，让出版商从头开始构建丰富的多媒体内容，并高度重视现实世界的功能。

2013年 6月大学英语四级考试真题

四级“Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,” he says, “We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.

“出版商为我们提供了所有的源媒体、艺术品和视频，”他说，“我们帮助他们思考如何为这个平台真正构建一些东西。

2013年 6月大学英语四级考试真题

四级Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard).

教科书版本不断更新，通过最大限度地降低生产成本来激励出版商（像McGraw-Hill这样的大出版商已经加入）。

2013年 6月大学英语四级考试真题

四级"These digital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kinds of features," David Anderson, the executive director of higher education with the Association of American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News.

美国出版商协会高等教育执行主任大卫·安德森告诉BuzzFeed新闻：“这些数字产品不仅仅是学生提交家庭作业的机制，它们还提供各种功能。”。

2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第1套)

考研Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

许多其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从天然气和电力公司到牛奶加工厂，都通过使用计算机为消费者提供更好、更高效的服务。

1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher’s pipelines.

有传言称，出版商正在准备出版20多本关于创造论/进化论的书。

1996年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.

相反，我们看到了虚伪的美好景象，这些景象现在似乎比以往任何时候都充足：在南安普顿有一个避暑别墅的美国物质主义评论家；激进书籍的出版商在三星级餐厅用餐；在生活的各个阶段倡导参与式民主的记者，其子女就读于私立学校。

2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.

版权归期刊出版商所有，寻求了解结果的研究人员必须订阅该期刊。

2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题

考研The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government–funded research by restricting access to it—is making access to scientific results a reality.

互联网——以及来自资助机构的压力，他们质疑为什么商业出版商通过限制获取政府资助的研究来赚钱——正在使获取科学成果成为现实。

2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题

考研The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits.

这份由澳大利亚维多利亚大学的John Houghton和经合组织的Graham Vickery撰写的报告，对迄今为止盈利颇丰的出版商来说意义重大。

2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题

考研The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects.

国际科学、技术和医学出版商协会表示，全球有2000多家出版商专门研究这些主题。

2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题