四级What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing.

儿童与成人的区别在于他们从所做的事情中获得快乐的强大能力。

2015年12月阅读原文

四级A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something, and derive intense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.

孩子能够深深地专注于某件事，并从中获得强烈的快乐，这是成年人余生都在努力恢复的能力。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级More than a decade ago, cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz, both then at Vanderbilt University, found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called preparation for future learning.

十多年前，当时就读于范德比尔特大学的认知科学家约翰·布兰斯福德（John Bransford）和丹尼尔·施瓦茨（Daniel Schwartz）发现，年轻人区别于儿童的不是保留事实或将先前知识应用于新环境的能力，而是他们称之为未来学习准备的素质。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级More than a decade ago, cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz, both then at Vanderbilt University, found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation b

十多年前，范德比尔特大学的认知科学家约翰·布兰斯福德（John Bransford）和丹尼尔·施瓦茨（Daniel Schwartz）发现，年轻人区别于儿童的不是保留事实或将先验知识应用于新情况的能力

2015年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

四级I want to make sure that older adults are still able to enjoy their old age, and that they're not spending time in hospital with infections, feeling unwell and being generally weak.

我想确保老年人仍然能够享受他们的晚年，他们不会因为感染、不适和身体虚弱而住院。

2019年6月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

六级The adult observers were able to reliably discern an assortment of emotions on the babies faces.

成年观察者能够可靠地辨别婴儿脸上的各种情绪。

2019年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

考研But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time to enjoy the thing we love.

但作为成年人，我们也有能力控制自己的日记的奢侈，重要的是我们要及时安排时间来享受我们喜欢的东西。

2016年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

高考Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! adults need about eight hours.

婴儿需要大量休息：他们中的大多数每天睡18小时左右！成年人大约需要8小时。

2017年高考英语浙江卷（6月） 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

高考Competent adults know more about love than work.

有能力的成年人比工作更懂得爱。

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 选项

四级By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.

通过对700名成年吸烟者的研究，她发现她的母亲突然完全戒烟是正确的。

2017年6月阅读原文

四级The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories.

结果并不意味着年轻人需要开始担心他们的记忆。

2016年6月阅读原文

四级Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good for you.

成年人在谈论学习时往往把它当作一剂良药：不愉快，但却是必要的，而且对你有益。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级Now, a new study that began with about 1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child’s low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years.

现在，一项始于新西兰约1000名儿童的新研究追踪了儿童低自控力如何预测健康不佳、金钱问题，甚至成年后的犯罪记录。

2016年6月听力原文

四级The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27.

这项研究对2000多名年龄在18岁至60岁之间的健康成年人进行了跟踪调查。研究发现，某些心理功能，包括抽象推理、思维速度和解谜等，早在27岁时就开始变得迟钝。

2016年6月阅读原文

六级Experts believe there is a relationship between adult abuse of legitimate medicines and the drug culture that has swept our country.

专家认为，成年人滥用合法药物与席卷我国的毒品文化之间存在着某种联系。

2017年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

六级Terrie Moffitt's paper on "The link Between Childhood Self-control and Adult Status Decades Later" is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

特里·莫菲特关于“几十年后儿童自我控制与成人地位之间的联系”的论文发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。

2016年6月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

六级The startup's product, SentabTV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.

这家初创公司的产品SentabTV使那些可能不习惯使用电脑的老年人能够通过电视和遥控器访问电子邮件、视频聊天和社交媒体。

2019年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

六级It was a huge milestone in the development of smartphones, which are now owned by a majority of American adults and are increasingly common across the globe.

这是智能手机发展史上的一个巨大里程碑。目前，智能手机为大多数美国成年人所有，在全球越来越普遍。

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

考研While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.

虽然我们在与他们接触时很容易忽视我们的行为对他们性格的影响，但这并不像与成年人打交道那样容易。

2009年考研翻译原文

六级The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups want in on the action.

到明年，专门为老年人设计的产品市场可能达到300亿美元，初创公司希望参与其中。

2019年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

高考These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult.

这些活动由根据标准化体育规则改编的灵活规则进行管理，由儿童或相关成年人制定。

2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读表达 原文

六级The brains of teenagers, but not adults, showed greater activity in two regions associated with rewards when they were being observed by same-age peers than when alone.

青少年（而非成年人）的大脑在两个与奖励相关的区域中表现出更大的活动性，这两个区域在同龄同龄人的观察下比单独观察时更为活跃。

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

四级In addition, a growing share of young adults may be avoiding marriage altogether.

此外，越来越多的年轻人可能完全避免结婚。

2019年6月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

四级In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parents, and this is especially true of young men.

此外，就业状况和工资方面的趋势可能导致越来越多的年轻人住在父母家中，年轻男子尤其如此。

2019年6月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

高考During those six months of hospitalizations, Becky, 12 at the time, adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school.

在这六个月的住院期间，当时12岁的贝基从学校回来后，适应了家里其他成年人的生活。

2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

六级Such wariness is well founded: statistics show, for example, that a teenage driver with a same-age passenger in the car is at higher risk of a fatal crash than an adolescent driving alone or with an adult.

这种谨慎是有根据的：例如，统计数据显示，与单独驾驶或与成年人一起驾驶相比，与同龄乘客一起驾驶的青少年驾驶员发生致命车祸的风险更高。

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

高考The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.

成人科学家可能也采用了同样的认知系统，让孩子们对自己的想法感到满意。

2016年高考英语浙江卷（6月） 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

高考Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.

成年人理解被物体淹没的感觉。

2018年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

高考Any child must be accompanied by at least one paying adult.

任何儿童必须由至少一名付费成人陪同。

2015年高考英语福建卷 阅读理解 阅读C 选项

高考But it can be taught to children and developed in adults.

但它可以教给儿童，也可以在成人身上发展。

2015年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

高考Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.

一种叫做激素的身体化学物质水平的变化不仅使青少年的身体形成成人特征，而且使青少年在晚上11点之前难以入睡。

2017年高考英语浙江卷（6月） 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

高考Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.

成年人的信心增长更快。

2015年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项

高考Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.

情感健康对美好的成人生活至关重要。

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 选项

高考Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.

让你的孙子远离你是很难的，尤其是知道你的成年孩子正在挣扎，但是放弃你所知道的生活可能会更难。

2016年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

高考He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.

他发现，如果18个月大的婴儿看到一个没有亲缘关系的成年人正忙着开门，几乎所有的人都会立即帮忙。

2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

高考However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their "adult" children.

然而，更多的父母参与并不一定意味着父母没有放过他们的“成年”孩子。

2015年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

高考However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today's students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.

然而，现在他们正成为一个青春期的延长期，在这段时间里，许多今天的学生和学生不再肩负着成人的责任。

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

高考Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.

大学没有将大学作为从家庭庇护所到自主和成人责任的通道，而是屈服于应该提供与家庭相同的环境的想法。

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

高考Jenny Mosley's quality circle time model involves setting up an on-going, timetable process of circle-meeting for adults and children.

Jenny Mosley的质量循环时间模型包括为成人和儿童建立一个持续的、有时间表的循环会议过程。

2016年高考英语浙江卷（6月） 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

高考Know how to offer help to adults.

知道如何为成年人提供帮助。

2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 选项

高考Learn how to deal with people now, because when you're an adult, you don't get to choose your boss or your co-workers, so learn how to respect them now.

现在就学会如何与人打交道，因为当你成年后，你不能选择你的老板或同事，所以现在就学会如何尊重他们。

2016年高考英语浙江卷（10月） 阅读理解 七选五 原文

高考Maxime's early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty.

马克西姆带着责任早早地进入了成人世界，这让她下定决心确保自己的孩子不会最终陷入沃特豪斯的贫困困境。

2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

高考Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders.

此外，大学监控和塑造学生行为的趋势与年轻人的另一个特点背道而驰：受长辈控制的反应。

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

高考Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.

他成年后的大部分时间都在与债务和不幸的斗争中失败。

2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

高考Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults.

我们中的大多数人在儿童时期观察到的东西比成年人多得多。

2018年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

高考Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.

也许进化为人类婴儿提供了好奇心和解释他们世界的自然动力，而成年科学家只是利用了与他们小时候一样的动力。

2016年高考英语浙江卷（6月） 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

高考The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5%.

成年秃鹰的年死亡率已从2000年的38%下降到5%。

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

高考The changes of adult children's behavior.

成年儿童行为的变化。

2015年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项

高考The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy and the development of adult identity.

大学时代应该是自主性和成人身份发展的重要成长时期。

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

高考The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.

这些男人在男孩时期所做的事情与他们成年后的表现之间的联系令人惊讶地尖锐。

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

高考The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.

最有能力的成年人是那些知道如何做到这一点的人。

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

高考The same is true of the young adults going to college.

年轻人上大学也是如此。

2014年高考英语全国卷1 完形填空 原文

高考These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.

这些广告向成年人宣传小鸡的存在；他们也可能鼓励我们的小鸡也开始打电话。

2017年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

高考To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults.

总而言之，《兔子的诅咒》是一部既适合儿童也适合成人观看的精彩电影。

2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

高考Trust adults with their hands full.

相信成年人，让他们满满当当。

2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 选项

四级She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.

她研究了成年吸烟者的吸烟模式。

2017年6月阅读原文

四级[The most recent of these studies, published in The Journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes ( ' , known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes).

[这些研究中最新的一项发表在《应用老年学杂志》上，调查了150名康涅狄格州的辅助生活、疗养院和小型安老院（在一些州被称为“董事会和护理院”或“成人护理院”）的居民。

2016年6月阅读原文

四级Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate.

作为一个成年人，你是否能成功地改变你的个性是一个长期存在的心理学争论的主题。

2016年6月阅读原文

四级The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years.

这项研究包括受过教育的健康成年人，他们在开始时以及在未来七年的某个时候参加了标准的记忆、推理和感知测试。

2016年6月阅读原文

四级Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.

当我们成年后，童年时期的饮食模式很难打破，这可能意味着抑郁母亲的孩子最终会英年早逝。

2016年6月阅读原文

四级Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic use-cases for driverless cars.

老年人，尤其是那些行动不便或难以独立驾驶的老年人，是无人驾驶汽车的典型使用案例之一。

2016年6月阅读原文

四级And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in.

成年儿童在开始寻找时所寻找的特征不一定对即将入住的人产生影响。

2016年6月阅读原文

四级We are at a point where in much of the developed world the vast majority of young people grew up playing video games, and an increasingly high percentage of adults play these video games too, Werbach says.

Werbach说：“在发达国家的大部分地区，绝大多数年轻人都是玩电子游戏长大的，成年人玩电子游戏的比例也越来越高。”。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级They found that the majority of both kids and adults opted for a half-sized portion when combined with a prize.

他们发现，无论是儿童还是成人，大多数人都会选择一半大小的食物作为奖品。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级Neither children nor adults could resist the temptation of a free toy.

无论是儿童还是成人都无法抗拒免费玩具的诱惑。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级Most kids and adults would choose a smaller meal that came with a non-food item.

大多数儿童和成人会选择一种非食物类的小吃。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级Most kids and adults don't actually feel hungry when they eat half of their meal.

大多数儿童和成年人在吃了一半的食物后并不感到饥饿。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级Even more interesting is that the promise of a future reward was enough to make adults choose the smaller portion.

更有趣的是，未来奖励的承诺足以让成年人选择更小的部分。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级Eating a smaller portion of food does good to the health of kids and adults alike.

少吃食物对儿童和成人的健康都有好处。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级Both kids and adults felt satisfied with only half of their meal portions.

孩子和成年人都只对他们一半的膳食感到满意。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级Adults chose the smaller portion on the mere promise of a future award.

成年人选择较小的部分仅仅是因为他们承诺将来会获得奖励。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense absorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking.

然而，像这样的时刻正是成年人余生所追求的那种强烈的专注和快乐。

2015年12月阅读原文

四级The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack of skills.

使儿童与成人区别开来的不是他们的无知，也不是他们缺乏技能。

2015年12月阅读原文

四级Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.

成人在教育方面不考虑孩子的感受。

2015年12月阅读原文

四级It is reported that 49 million Americans are unsure of where they will find their next meal What's most surprising is that 36% of them live in households where at least one adult is working.

据报道，4900万美国人不确定下一顿饭在哪里吃。最令人惊讶的是，其中36%的人生活在至少有一名成年人在工作的家庭中。

2012年6月阅读原文

四级But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics," says Gilbert "Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them.

但是到了高年级，三分之二的学生已经升到了物理专业，”吉尔伯特说，“我们的孩子来学校的部分原因是因为他们知道这里有成年人认识他们并照顾他们。

2012年6月阅读原文

四级The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were younger.

老年人越健康，他们就越像年轻时那样睡觉。

2011年6月阅读原文

四级The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.

科学家昨天说，普遍认为老年人比年轻人需要更少的睡眠是一个神话。

2011年6月阅读原文

四级Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from continuing to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s

我们的数据表明，老年人继续获得与30多岁时一样多的睡眠将受益匪浅

2011年6月阅读原文

四级The new CNS Spectrums study was based on results of a nationwide telephone survey of more than 2,500 adults.

这项新的中枢神经系统频谱研究是基于对2500多名成年人的全国电话调查结果。

2010年6月阅读原文

四级When people care for an elderly relative, they often do not use available community services such as adult daycare centers.

当人们照顾老年亲属时，他们通常不使用可用的社区服务，如成人日托中心。

2011年6月听力原文

四级If the caregivers are adult children, they are more likely to use such services, especially because they often have jobs and other responsibilities

如果照顾者是成年儿童，他们更有可能使用此类服务，特别是因为他们经常有工作和其他责任

2011年6月听力原文

四级On the other hand, they may want to live with their adult children.

另一方面，他们可能想和成年子女住在一起。

2011年6月听力原文

四级Why are adult children more likely to use community services to help care for elderly parents

为什么成年儿童更有可能利用社区服务来帮助照顾年迈的父母

2011年6月听力原文

四级Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.

成人日托中心很容易进入。

2011年6月听力原文

四级Studies show that for adults there is no danger, but children can develop loss of vision if they have glasses inappropriate for their eyes.

研究表明，对成年人来说没有危险，但如果儿童戴的眼镜不适合他们的眼睛，他们可能会失明。

2011年6月听力原文

四级It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults

它会逐渐削弱成年人的眼睛

2011年6月听力原文

四级Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly likely to live at home.

经济因素似乎无法解释为什么年轻成年女性越来越可能住在家里。

2019年6月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

四级If not cultivated, it will not survive: "Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between child and adult."

如果不加以培养，它将无法生存：“儿童好奇心是儿童和成人之间的合作。”

2017年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

四级The most recent of these studies, published in The Journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes.

这些研究中最新的一项发表在《应用老年学杂志》上，调查了150名康涅狄格州的辅助生活、疗养院和一些州称为寄宿和护理院或成人护理院的小型住宿护理院的居民。

2016年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

四级While cereal remains a firm favourite among breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation into the sugar content of "adult" breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free s

尽管谷物仍然是英国和美国早餐消费者的最爱，但最近一项针对“成人”早餐谷物糖含量的调查发现，一些谷物含有超过每日推荐量的四分之三的免费谷物

2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

六级Working-class parents teach their children to be obedient and show respect to adults.

工人阶级的父母教育他们的孩子要听话，尊重成年人。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级They are taught to be compliant and respectful to adults.

他们被教导要顺从和尊重成年人。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级A new study has failed to find any conclusive evidence that lifestyle changes can prevent cognitive decline in older adults.

一项新的研究没有发现任何确凿的证据表明生活方式的改变可以防止老年人认知能力的下降。

2016年6月听力原文

六级Stress is also starting earlier in life, with some data suggesting that today's teens are even more stressed than adults.

压力也开始在生命早期，一些数据表明，今天的青少年甚至比成年人压力更大。

2016年12月阅读原文

六级And in 2010, the researchers reported that children aged 12 to 17 saw more athlete-endorsed food and beverage brand commercials than adults.

2010年，研究人员报告说，12至17岁的儿童观看的运动员代言的食品和饮料品牌广告比成年人多。

2016年12月听力原文

六级To make matters worse, these schools are ill-equipped to graduate these students— young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles.

更糟糕的是，这些学校没有能力让这些学生毕业——这些年轻人面临着特殊的挑战和障碍。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adults? What explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, community religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the single strongest correlate of upward mobility.

那么，在社区层面上，有哪些因素可以预测贫困儿童是否会在成年后的经济阶梯上上升呢？例如，是什么解释了为什么盐湖城大都会区是最有可能给穷人带来财富的100个最大大都会区之一，而亚特兰大大都会区是最不可能的地区之一？哈佛大学经济学家Raj Chetty指出了经济和种族隔离、社区密度、社区中产阶级的规模，学校的质量、社区的宗教信仰和家庭结构，他称之为向上流动的唯一最强关联。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military service.

例如，年轻人的短缺可能会使一些国家更不愿意让少数人服兵役。

2010年12月阅读原文

六级Countries that have a shortage of young adults will be less willing to commit them to military service

缺少年轻人的国家将不太愿意让他们服兵役

2010年12月阅读原文