四级Kodak's decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.

柯达申请破产的决定(破产）对于一家领先的美国公司来说，保护是一个悲伤但并非意外的转折点。这家公司开创了消费摄影并主宰了电影市场几十年，但最终未能适应数字革命。

2013年6月阅读原文

六级The German traveler Johann Winckelmann pioneered the field of art history with his comprehensive study of Greek and Roman sculpture; he was portrayed by his friend Anton Raphael Mengs at the beginning of his long residence in Rome.

德国旅行家约翰·温克尔曼以其对希腊和罗马雕塑的全面研究开创了艺术史领域；他的朋友安东·拉斐尔·蒙斯（Anton Raphael Mengs）在他在罗马长期居住之初，就塑造了他。

2017年6月阅读原文

四级We are rediscovering Dewey and Montessori and a lot of the practices that they pioneered that have been forgotten or at least put aside.

我们正在重新发现杜威和蒙台梭利以及他们开创的许多被遗忘或至少被搁置一旁的实践。

2019年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

四级It was based on concepts developed at Vanderbilt University's Peabody College by Susan Gray, the legendary pioneer in early childhood education research.

它基于范德比尔特大学皮博迪学院（Peabody College）苏珊·格雷（Susan Gray）提出的概念，她是幼儿教育研究的传奇先驱。

2016年6月阅读原文

六级There is no doubt that spaceflight entails risks, and to pioneer a new mode of travel is to face those risks, and to reduce them with the benefit of hard-won experience.

毫无疑问，太空飞行会带来风险，而开创一种新的旅行方式就是要面对这些风险，并利用来之不易的经验减少这些风险。

2015年12月阅读原文

高考The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.

介绍我露营的朋友们认为露营意味着要成为一个先驱。

2017年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 七选五 原文

六级ai pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions.

AI先驱Margaret Boden，瑟赛克斯大学认知科学教授，赞扬了这种讨论的进展。

2019年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

四级Kodak's decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution

柯达申请破产的决定(破产）对于一家领先的美国公司来说，保护是一个可悲但并非意外的转折点。该公司开创了消费摄影并主宰了电影市场几十年，但最终未能适应数字革命

2013年6月阅读原文

四级A case in point is Ivy, 57, a pioneer in investment banking.

57岁的Ivy就是一个很好的例子，她是投资银行业的先驱。

2006年12月大学英语新四级(CET-4)真题

四级Kodak's decision to file for bankruptcy (破产) protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.

柯达申请破产的决定(破产) 对于一家领先的美国公司来说，保护是一个可悲但并不意外的转折点，该公司开创了消费摄影的先河，并主导了电影市场数十年，但最终未能适应数字革命。

2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)

四级Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.

柯达申请破产的决定(破产）对于一家领先的美国公司来说，保护是一个可悲但并不意外的转折点，该公司开创了消费摄影的先河，并主导了电影市场数十年，但最终未能适应数字革命。

2013年 6月大学英语四级考试真题

四级Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy (破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.

柯达申请破产的决定(破产）对于一家领先的美国公司来说，保护是一个可悲但并不意外的转折点，该公司开创了消费摄影的先河，并主导了电影市场数十年，但最终未能适应数字革命。

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套)

四级It was based on concepts developed at Vanderbilt University’s Peabody College by Susan Gray, the legendary pioneer in early childhood education research.

它基于范德比尔特大学皮博迪学院由苏珊·格雷提出的概念，苏珊·格雷是幼儿教育研究的传奇先驱。

2016年6月大学英语四级真题（第2套)

四级Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation Response, says that the repetitive action of needlework can induce a relaxed stats like that associated with meditation(沉思)and yoga.

Herbert Benson博士是身心医学的先驱，也是《放松反应》一书的作者，他说，针线活的重复动作会引起放松，就像冥想一样(沉思)和瑜伽。

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）

考研The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.

斯坦福大学的Paul Ehrlich是环境研究的先驱，他认为，科学的真正敌人是那些质疑支持全球变暖、臭氧层消耗和工业增长的其他后果的证据的人。

1998年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题