adj.热力学的，使用热动力的

The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system always increases over time.
热力学第二定律指出，一个孤立系统的总熵（混乱程度）总是随时间增加。
The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of energy conservation, declares that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.
热力学第一定律，也被称为能量守恒定律，声明能量既不能被创造也不能被毁灭，只能从一种形式转化为另一种形式。
Thermodynamic equilibrium is achieved when the temperature and pressure of two systems in contact with each other become equal.
当两个相互接触的系统的温度和压力相等时，就达到了热力学平衡状态。
The efficiency of a Carnot engine is determined solely by the temperatures of its hot and cold reservoirs, according to the Carnot's theorem, a fundamental principle in thermodynamics.
根据热力学中的卡诺定理，卡诺发动机的效率仅由其高温和低温热源的温度决定。
Entropy change is a crucial factor in predicting the feasibility of a chemical reaction, which is directly related to the second law of thermodynamics.
熵变是预测化学反应可行性的一个关键因素，它与热力学第二定律直接相关。
In thermodynamics, work is defined as the transfer of energy from one system to another due to a temperature difference.
在热力学中，功被定义为由于温差导致的能量从一个系统向另一个系统的转移。
Gibbs free energy is used to determine whether a chemical process will occur spontaneously at constant temperature and pressure, based on the combined laws of thermodynamics and chemical equilibrium.
吉布斯自由能用于根据热力学定律和化学平衡的结合原理，确定在恒温和恒压下化学过程是否自发发生。
The third law of thermodynamics posits that as the temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance approaches a minimum value.
热力学第三定律提出，当温度接近绝对零度时，完美晶体物质的熵趋向于一个最小值。
The internal energy of a system is the sum of its kinetic and potential energies, a concept deeply rooted in the principles of classical thermodynamics.
体系的内能是其动能和势能之和，这一概念深深植根于经典热力学原理之中。
Phase transitions, such as melting and boiling, can be explained through the application of thermodynamic principles, specifically changes in Gibbs free energy.
如融化和沸腾这样的相变，可以通过应用热力学原理，特别是吉布斯自由能的变化来解释。