六级As the ocean warms, a body of water called the Antarctic Polar Front - an upward movement of nutrient-rich sea that supports a huge abundance of marine life - is being pushed further south. This means that king penguins, which feed on fish and krill in th

随着海洋变暖，一片被称为南极极锋的水域——营养丰富的海洋向上运动，支撑着大量海洋生物——正在进一步向南推进。这意味着，以鱼类和磷虾为食的王企鹅

2019年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

六级They also do not have access to quality health care or other prerequisites for upward social mobility.

他们也无法获得高质量的医疗服务或其他向上社会流动的先决条件。

2017年6月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

六级So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adults? What explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, community religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the single strongest correlate of upward mobility.

那么，在社区层面上，有哪些因素可以预测贫困儿童是否会在成年后的经济阶梯上上升呢？例如，是什么解释了为什么盐湖城大都会区是最有可能给穷人带来财富的100个最大大都会区之一，而亚特兰大大都会区是最不可能的地区之一？哈佛大学经济学家Raj Chetty指出了经济和种族隔离、社区密度、社区中产阶级的规模，学校的质量、社区的宗教信仰和家庭结构，他称之为向上流动的唯一最强关联。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new dataset from the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we're vastly exaggerating the dangers of the rich-poor gap.

哈佛大学和伯克利大学机会均等项目（Equality of Opportunity Project）的一个新数据集表明，尽管人们对1%的人给予了新的关注，但如果我们整体上关心向上流动，那么我们就大大夸大了贫富差距的危险性。

2015年12月阅读原文

考研For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages.

对工厂主来说，这一切都加剧了对工人的激烈竞争和工资上涨压力。

2017年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

高考Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.

光污染在很大程度上是由于糟糕的照明设计造成的，这种设计允许人造光向外和向上照射到天空中。

2015年高考英语浙江卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

六级Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty.

他认为，不平等是危险的，不仅因为贫富差距过大看起来不太好，而且因为不平等本身破坏了向上流动性，使穷人更难摆脱贫困。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级Interestingly, parents' attitudes toward education do not seem to reflect their own educational background as much as a belief in the importance of education for upward mobility.

有趣的是，父母对教育的态度似乎并没有反映出他们自己的教育背景，而是反映出他们相信教育对于向上流动的重要性。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:1.

根据我对数据的分析，在切蒂强调的因素中，以下三个因素似乎最能预测特定社区的向上流动性：1。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community.

根据我对数据的分析，在切蒂强调的因素中，以下三个因素似乎最能预测特定社区的向上流动性。

2015年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

六级Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community’s middle class, the quality of schools, community religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the “single strongest correlate of upward mobility.

哈佛大学经济学家Raj Chetty指出了经济和种族隔离、社区密度、社区中产阶级的规模、学校的质量、社区宗教信仰和家庭结构，他称之为“向上流动的最强关联”。

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题（一）

六级Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community： In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high local government spending—which may stand for good schools —are the most likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger5s rags-to-riches story.

根据我对数据的分析，在Chetty强调的因素中，以下三个因素似乎最能预测特定社区的向上流动性：

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题（一）

六级It’s also a potential economic problem, since a declining dollar makes imported food more expensive and exerts upward pressure on interest rates.

这也是一个潜在的经济问题，因为美元贬值使进口食品更加昂贵，并对利率施加上行压力。

2008年6月英语六级真题

六级The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United states has been creeping upward for years.

多年来，美国移民（包括非法移民）的比例一直在攀升。

2008年12月英语六级真题

四级This is a city of immigrants—38 percent of the city's population today is foreign-born—and immigrants and their children have historically experienced significant upward mobility in America.

这是一个移民城市——今天该市38%的人口是外国出生的——移民及其子女在美国历史上经历了显著的向上流动。

2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）

四级Whether the city still allows for upward mobility of poor kids today, though, is up for debate.

然而，这座城市今天是否仍然允许贫困儿童向上流动，还有待商榷。

2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）

四级Some San Jose residents say that as inequality has grown in recent years,upward mobility has become much more difficult to achieve.

一些圣何塞居民表示，随着近年来不平等现象的加剧，向上流动变得更加困难。

2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）