六级In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-respected Journal of Management, researchers have looked at the concept of "indifferent relationships".

在《管理学杂志》（JournalofManagement）上发表的一篇学术分析中，研究人员研究了“冷漠关系”的概念。

2019年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

考研The scores were then used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is marked out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.

然后将分数与申请人在研究生管理入学考试（GMAT）上的分数结合使用，GMAT是一种标准化考试，分数为800分，用于决定是否录取申请人。

2013年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

高考Take a more active part in school management.

更积极地参与学校管理。

2015年高考英语陕西卷 阅读理解 阅读B 选项

考研Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new reality.

从根本上说，美国邮政正处于一个历史性的两难境地：技术变革永久性地降低了对其面包和黄油产品、一流邮件的需求，监管结构剥夺了管理层根据新现实调整其运营的灵活性。

2018年考研阅读原文

考研Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operati

从根本上说，美国邮政正处于一个历史性的两难境地：技术变革永久性地降低了对其面包和黄油产品、一流邮件的需求，监管结构剥夺了管理层调整其运营的灵活性

2018年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

考研In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.

事实上，如今越来越少的联邦资金用于该机构的其他工作，如森林保护、流域和文化资源管理以及影响所有美国人生活的基础设施维护。

2017年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

四级In a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few yea

在三个阶段的生活中，人们在同一时间和同一年龄离开大学，他们倾向于在同一年龄开始自己的事业和家庭，他们几乎在同一时间进行中层管理，然后在几年内退休

2019年6月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

高考Environmental protection agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that "the production, distribution, and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste — all result in greenhouse gas release".

环境保护署指出，大多数废物是危险的，因为“产品的生产、分配和使用，以及由此产生的废物的管理，都会导致温室气体的释放”。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

考研Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.

例如，根据该计划，该机构表示，只要土地所有者或企业签署了一项恢复草原鸡栖息地的广泛管理计划，就不会起诉无意中杀死、伤害或干扰该鸟的土地所有者或企业。

2016年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级The management and union representatives reached an agreement.

资方和工会代表达成了协议。

2010年6月听力原文

六级This follows successful talks between management and union representatives, which resulted in a new agreement on working hours and conditions

在此之前，管理层和工会代表进行了成功的会谈，就工作时间和工作条件达成了新的协议

2010年6月听力原文

六级They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patient's needs with an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs, are treated properly.

这些措施包括：负责任的医疗机构负责患者的需求，同时兼顾成本和质量；慢性病管理，确保承担大部分医疗费用的重病患者得到适当治疗。

2016年6月阅读原文

考研All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing infrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence.

总而言之，这显然是一个大型零售商可以利用其庞大规模、现有基础设施以及在产品范围、物流和营销情报管理方面的成熟技能获利的市场。

2010年考研阅读原文

六级Smith says he'll provide services ranging from formal seminars to on-farm workshops on holistic management, to one-on-one hand-holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting.

史密斯说，他将为正在转化的农民提供各种服务，从正式的研讨会到关于整体管理的农场研讨会，到一对一的手持设备和几乎全天候的电话热线。

2019年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

四级Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.

伊利诺伊州凯洛格管理学院（Kellogg School of Management）的利·汤普森（Leigh Thompson）警告说，团队并不总是解决问题的答案团队可能以独立工作的人无法提供的方式提供洞察力、创造力和知识；但团队合作也可能导致混乱、延误和糟糕的决策。

2017年6月阅读原文

四级However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars.

然而，碳管理教授大卫·雷伊（David Reay）认为，尽管微波使用大量能源，但与汽车相比，其排放量较小。

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

高考They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business.

他们是业余的莎士比亚学者和莎士比亚爱好者，他们将自己的热情和高层交往融入了管理培训行业。

2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

六级Tennessee's technical and community colleges will not outsource ( ' , 外包) management of their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by an analysis of spending at each campus.

田纳西州的技术和社区学院将不会外包（'，外包) 一位领导说，通过对每个校园的支出分析，他们的决定得到了支持。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents system, outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said an internal analysis showed that each campus' spending on facilities management fell well below the industry standards identified by the state.

即将离任的校长约翰·摩根（John Morgan）在周一发给田纳西州摄政系统董事会大学校长的一封电子邮件中表示，一项内部分析显示，每个校区在设施管理方面的支出远远低于该州确定的行业标准。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents system, outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said an internal analysis showed that each campus' spending on facilities management fell well below the industry standards identified

即将离任的校长约翰·摩根（John Morgan）在周一发给田纳西州摄政委员会系统大学校长的一封电子邮件中表示，一项内部分析显示，每个校区在设施管理方面的支出远远低于所确定的行业标准

2017年6月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

四级A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon ( ' , 追随一种管理潮流), it is time to ask questions.

一个很好的经验法则是，一旦将军和医院管理人员加入管理潮流（“，追随一种管理潮流), 是提问的时候了。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级The state's facilities management project team is still in the process of developing its business justification and expects to have that completed and available to the public at the end of February, Martin said.

马丁说，该州的设施管理项目团队仍在制定其业务理由，预计将于2月底完成并向公众开放。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级Morgan said those findings—which included data from the system's 13 community colleges, 27 technical colleges and six universities—were part of the decision not to move forward with Governor Bill Haslam's proposal to privatize management of state buildings in an effort to save money.

摩根表示，这些调查结果包括来自该系统13所社区学院、27所技术学院和6所大学的数据，是决定不推进州长比尔·哈斯拉姆（Bill Haslam）为节省资金而提出的国有建筑管理私有化建议的一部分。

2017年6月阅读原文

考研” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.

然而，银行股上涨，这些变化加强了一个游说团体礼貌地称之为“管理层运用判断的能力”。

2010年考研阅读原文

四级A private wildlife management company will release the animal into the wild.

一家私人野生动物管理公司将把这种动物放归野外。

2019年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section A

六级Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management.

通过定期的区域教育会议、大型年会、个人农场参观和数千个电话，安伯格夫妇传递牧场管理的原则。

2019年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

高考Another trend is off-site or virtual management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.

另一个趋势是非现场或虚拟管理，通过电子邮件和互联网连接的团队在自己家里进行项目工作。

2016年高考英语上海卷 完形填空 原文

高考Read the syllabus and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.

阅读教学大纲和学习管理系统信息，确保答案不会隐藏在显而易见的地方。

2019年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 七选五 原文

高考You could apply to be a stewardship youth ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.

你可以申请成为一名青年护林员，并在今年夏天为当地自然资源管理项目工作八周。

2019年高考英语全国卷I 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

六级In American Woman's Home, published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman's work and promote order.

在1869年出版的《美国妇女之家》（American Woman's Home）中，比彻姐妹（Beecher姐妹）推荐了一种科学的家庭管理方法，旨在提高妇女的工作效率和促进秩序。

2016年6月阅读原文

六级Changing technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management.

不断变化的技术和市场刺激了团队管理方法。

2015年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section B

四级A 2016 review of 10 studies looking into the relationship between breakfast and weight management concluded there is "limited evidence" supporting or refuting (反驳) the argument that breakfast influences weight or food intake, and more evidence is required

2016年对10项研究进行了回顾，调查了早餐和体重管理之间的关系，得出结论，支持或反驳早餐和体重管理的“证据有限”(反驳) 早餐影响体重或食物摄入的论点，需要更多的证据

2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

六级A recent article in The Harvard Crimson noted the shocking growth of Harvard's public relations arm in the last five years and it questioned whether a focus on risk management and avoiding controversy was really the best outward-looking face of this great institution.

《哈佛红字报》最近的一篇文章指出，哈佛公共关系部门在过去五年中的惊人增长，并质疑专注于风险管理和避免争议是否真的是这家伟大机构最具前瞻性的一面。

2014年6月阅读原文

高考In the 1960s, Douglas Mcgregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous theory X and theory Y.

20世纪60年代，管理艺术的关键思想家之一道格拉斯·麦格雷戈（Douglas Mcgregor）提出了著名的X理论和Y理论。

2016年高考英语上海卷 完形填空 原文

六级When a noted leader on the art of management, Peter Drucker, coined the phrase "Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things," he was seeking to clarify the distinctions he associates with the terms.

当一位著名的管理艺术领袖彼得·德鲁克（Peter Drucker）创造了“管理就是把事情做对；领导力是在做正确的事情，”他试图澄清他与术语之间的区别。

2011年12月阅读原文

六级Data on management expenses at the college system and in other state departments will be part of a business justification the state will use as officials deliberate the specifics of an outsourcing plan.

有关大学系统和其他州政府部门管理费用的数据将成为州政府官员在审议外包计划细节时使用的商业理由的一部分。

2017年6月阅读原文

高考Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to contribute to this process.

与专制管理不同，一些文化，特别是在亚洲，因决策的咨询性质而闻名，部门或工作组的所有成员都被要求参与这一过程。

2016年高考英语上海卷 完形填空 原文

四级A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon (追随—种管理潮流), it is time to ask questions.

一个很好的经验法则是，一旦将军和医院管理人员加入管理潮流(追随—种管理潮流), 是提问的时候了。

2017年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

六级Perhaps most significant, according to Mannaz, is the increasing interest large companies have in more collaborative management models, such as those prevalent in Scandinavia, which seek to integrate the hard and soft aspects of leadership and encourage delegated responsibility and accountability.

Mannaz认为，也许最重要的是大公司对更具协作性的管理模式越来越感兴趣，比如斯堪的纳维亚半岛的管理模式，这种模式寻求整合领导力的硬方面和软方面，并鼓励授权责任和问责制。

2011年6月阅读原文

六级It is eradicating the tough aspects of management

它正在根除管理中的棘手问题

2011年6月阅读原文

四级That was partly due to his talents: showmanship, strategic vision, an astonishing attention to detail and a dictatorial management style which many bosses must have envied.

这在一定程度上是因为他的才能：表演技巧、战略眼光、对细节的惊人关注以及许多老板都羡慕的独裁管理风格。

2012年12月阅读原文

六级Well, as your union representative, I have to warn you that it would take quite a while to force management to replace the old machines and attempt to get you transferred may or may not be successful.

嗯，作为你们的工会代表，我必须警告你们，迫使管理层更换旧机器需要相当长的一段时间，试图让你们转职可能会成功，也可能不会成功。

2012年12月听力原文

四级There are plenty of training courses in management techniques and committee work which you can attend now.

你现在可以参加很多管理技巧和委员会工作方面的培训课程。

2011年12月听力原文

六级"The state's facilities management project team is still in the process of developing its business justification and expects to have that completed and available to the public at the end of February," Martin said.

马丁说：“该州的设施管理项目团队仍在制定其业务理由，预计将于2月底完成并向公众开放。”。

2017年6月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

高考The design industry has moved away from a fixed offices setup and created more flexible "strategic management environments".

设计行业已经摆脱了固定的办公室设置，创造了更灵活的“战略管理环境”。

2015年高考英语上海卷 选词填空 原文

高考From the governments' point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the cost and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.

从政府的角度来看，要求扩大生产者责任的法律的主要目标是将废物管理的成本和实际责任从政府和纳税人转移回生产者。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

四级Bad management techniques will be exposed.

糟糕的管理技术将会暴露出来。

2013年6月阅读原文

六级Her 1919 work, Household Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailed observation of a housewife's daily routine.

她1919年的作品《家庭工程：家庭中的科学管理》是基于对一位家庭主妇日常生活的详细观察。

2016年6月阅读原文

六级They can be solved with better management.

这些问题可以通过更好的管理来解决。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级Facilities management by colleges is more cost-effective.

高校的设施管理更具成本效益。

2017年6月阅读原文

考研Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.

火灾生态学和管理专家马克斯·莫里茨教授说，尽管野火频发经常被视为西部各州的一个问题，但由于对联邦税收的影响，野火频发已成为全国关注的问题。

2017年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

高考Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to ensure that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.

授权和授权意味着新的管理控制形式，以确保整体业务计划得到遵守，并确保在新的组织下运营变得更有利可图，而不是更少。

2016年高考英语上海卷 完形填空 原文

四级Conflicts between labor and management.

劳资冲突。

2011年6月听力原文

六级Private companies play a big role in campus management.

私营公司在校园管理中扮演着重要角色。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级Morgan said those findings—which included data from the system's 13 community colleges, 27 technical colleges and six universities—were part of the decision not to move forward with Governor Bill Haslam's proposal to privatize management of state building

摩根说，这些调查结果包括来自该系统13所社区学院、27所技术学院和6所大学的数据，是决定不推进州长比尔·哈斯拉姆（Bill Haslam）关于将国家建筑管理私有化的提议的一部分

2017年6月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

六级They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patient's needs with an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs

这些措施包括问责医疗机构负责患者的需求，同时兼顾成本和质量，以及慢性病管理，以确保重病患者承担大部分医疗费用

2016年6月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

六级Data on management expenses at the college system and in other state departments will be part of a "business justification" the state will use as officials deliberate the specifics of an outsourcing plan.

大学系统和其他州政府部门的管理费用数据将作为“商业理由”的一部分，州政府将在官员审议外包计划细节时使用。

2017年6月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

六级Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is tobe fully realized.

如果要充分发挥人员潜力，团队管理需要新技能。

2015年12月听力原文

六级Tennessee's technical and community colleges will not outsource management of their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by ananalysis of spending at each campus.

田纳西州的技术和社区学院将不会将其设施的管理外包给一家私营公司，一位领导说，这一决定是由对每个校区的支出分析所支持的。

2017年6月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

四级I do hope that my career as a secretary will lead me eventually into management.

我真的希望我的秘书生涯最终能带领我进入管理层。

2010年12月听力原文

高考The host is put in an unpleasant situation and this man seldom thinks of the inconvenience caused to all -the waiters, the management staff, etc.

主人处于一种不愉快的境地，这个人很少想到给所有人带来的不便——服务员、管理人员等等。

2015年高考英语陕西卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

四级Half a century later GM is a typical example of poor management.

半个世纪后，通用汽车是管理不善的典型例子。

2013年6月阅读原文

六级Despite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as "government-run personnel management" and a "dangerous precedent".

尽管好处不大，但商会和其他商业团体对此进行了激烈的斗争，称之为“政府运作的人事管理”和“危险的先例”。

2010年6月阅读原文

四级In March, General Motors' chief executive was fired by Mr Obama for poor management

3月，通用汽车首席执行官因管理不善被奥巴马解雇

2013年6月阅读原文

四级This week's announcement of a new iPhone by a management team led by Tim Cook, who replaced Mr Jobs as chief executive in August, was generally regarded as competent but uninspiring

本周，由蒂姆·库克（Tim Cook）领导的管理团队发布了一款新iPhone。蒂姆·库克于8月份接替乔布斯担任首席执行官。人们普遍认为，蒂姆·库克称职，但并不令人振奋

2012年12月阅读原文

六级A study by Mannaz, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management – at least in America and Europe

领导力发展公司曼纳兹（Mannaz）的一项研究表明，尽管旧时代的欺负型首席执行官可能还没有被彻底根除，但至少在美国和欧洲，重点已经明确转向了不那么强硬的管理风格

2011年6月阅读原文

高考This is management by the collective opinion.

这是集体意见管理。

2016年高考英语上海卷 完形填空 原文

六级On the exercise’s website, officials explain that the report they prepare during this rehearsal will inform disaster management for years to come.

在演习的网站上，官员们解释说，他们在演习期间准备的报告将为未来几年的灾害管理提供信息。

2019年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

六级This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space.

这项政策为商务部接管太空交通管理奠定了基础。

2019年6月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

高考This empowerment has been part of the trend towards downsizing: reducing the number of management layers in companies.

这种授权是精简趋势的一部分：减少公司管理层的数量。

2016年高考英语上海卷 完形填空 原文

四级This week's announcement of a new iPhone by a management team led by Tim Cook, who replaced Mr Jobs as chief executive in August, was generally regarded as competent but uninspiring.

本周，由蒂姆·库克（Tim Cook）领导的管理团队发布了一款新iPhone。蒂姆·库克于8月份接替乔布斯担任首席执行官。人们普遍认为，蒂姆·库克称职，但缺乏灵感。

2012年12月阅读原文

六级A study by Mannaz, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management – at least in America and Europe.

领导力发展公司曼纳兹（Mannaz）的一项研究表明，尽管旧时代的欺负型首席执行官可能还没有被彻底根除，但至少在美国和欧洲，重点已经明确转向了不那么强硬的管理风格。

2011年6月阅读原文

六级Meanwhile, preference for private over public services made management even more difficult.

与此同时，对私人服务的偏好超过了公共服务，这使得管理更加困难。

2018年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

六级A spokesman for the management said that they'd hope they could now get back to producing cars, and that they lost lot of money and orders over this dispute.

管理层的一位发言人表示，他们希望现在能够重新开始生产汽车，而且他们在这场纠纷中损失了大量资金和订单。

2010年6月听力原文

四级That was partly due to his talents: showmanship, strategic vision, an astonishing attention to detail and a dictatorial management style which many bosses must have envied

这在一定程度上是因为他的才能：表演技巧、战略眼光、对细节的惊人关注以及许多老板都羡慕的独裁管理风格

2012年12月阅读原文

六级In the future, more effective washing techniques, management procedures, and recycling and purification of water will be needed to reduce wastage

未来，需要更有效的清洗技术、管理程序以及水的回收和净化，以减少浪费

2013年12月阅读原文

六级By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed.

通过用再生管理方法取代昂贵的谷物饲料，草食农民可以免受饲料价格上涨的影响。

2019年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

六级Facilities management has greatly improved in recent years.

近年来，设施管理有了很大改善。

2017年6月阅读原文

高考It can be inferred from the passage that Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.

从这篇文章可以推断莎士比亚在管理领域发挥了重要作用。

2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读C 题设

六级The team spirit and shared values of the athletes on Bowerman’s teams carried over and provided the basis for the collegial style of management that characterized the early years of Nikes.

鲍尔曼团队运动员的团队精神和共同价值观延续了耐克早期的学院式管理风格，并为其奠定了基础。

2008年12月英语六级真题

六级Financial recruitment specialist Lynne Hargreaves knows exactly how much her firm has saved by adopting a teleworking strategy, which has involved handing her company’s data management over to a remote hosting company, Dataset, so it can be accessible by all the company’s consultants over broadband internet connections.

财务招聘专家Lynne Hargreaves非常清楚她的公司通过采用远程工作策略节省了多少钱，该策略包括将公司的数据管理交给远程托管公司Dataset，以便公司的所有顾问都可以通过宽带互联网连接访问数据。

2009年12月英语六级真题

六级This follows successful talks between management and union representatives, which resulted in a new agreement on working hour and conditions.

此前，管理层和工会代表成功举行了会谈，就工作时间和条件达成了新的协议。

2010年6月英语六级真题

六级A spokesman for the management said that they’d hope they could now get back to producing cars, and that they lost a lot of money and orders over this dispute.

管理层的一位发言人表示，他们希望现在能够重新生产汽车，并表示他们在这场纠纷中损失了大量资金和订单。

2010年6月英语六级真题

六级A study by Manna, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management – at least in America and Europe.

领导力发展公司Manna的一项研究表明，尽管过去那个恃强凌弱的首席执行官可能还没有被彻底根除，但至少在美国和欧洲，重点肯定会转向不那么强硬的管理风格。

2011年6月英语六级真题

六级Perhaps most significant, according to Manna, is the increasing interest large companies have in more collaborative management models, such as those prevalent in Scandinavia, which seek to integrate the hard and soft aspects of leadership and encourage delegated responsibility and accountability.

曼纳认为，也许最重要的是，大公司对更具协作性的管理模式越来越感兴趣，比如斯堪的纳维亚半岛流行的管理模式，这些模式寻求整合领导的硬和软方面，并鼓励下放责任和问责制。

2011年6月英语六级真题

四级For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily.

例如，几乎每家报纸都有一个商业版块，每天报道公司的交易和项目、财务和管理、股价和劳动力问题。

2003年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate (公司的) faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices, although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management.

作为侵蚀的进一步证据(销蚀) 的(公司的) 密歇根州立大学的谢茨引用了企业招聘实践中的一种模式，尽管公司倾向于将专家作为新员工，但他们往往会为中高层管理寻找多面手。

2003年9月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior, says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University.

“人们认为办公室政治涉及一些操纵(工于心计的) 霍夫斯特拉大学管理学助理教授Deborah Comer说。

2004年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级“The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,’” says Neil P Lewis, a management psychologist.

管理心理学家Neil P Lewis说：“人们通常首先被评判的是他们在一致的基础上表现良好的能力。”。

2004年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control centre to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.

如果汽车被盗，一个编码的手机信号将告诉控制中心封锁车辆的发动机管理系统，并阻止发动机重新启动。

2006年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key.

现代汽车更难被盗，因为它们的发动机管理计算机不允许它们启动，除非它们收到点火装置发出的唯一ID代码(点火) 钥匙

2006年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman .

“我所在部门有一个管理职位空缺，两名入围者是一男一女。

2009年6月英语四级考试真题

四级This week’s announcement of a new iPhone by a management team led by Tim Cook, who replaced Mr Jobs as chief executive in August, was generally regarded as competent but uninspiring.

本周，蒂姆·库克（Tim Cook）领导的管理团队宣布了一款新iPhone。库克于8月接替乔布斯出任首席执行官，外界普遍认为他有能力，但并不鼓舞人心。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题（2）

四级The resort teaches its clients that “weight management” is a combination of fitness, diet and emotional health.

度假村告诉客户，“体重管理”是健身、饮食和情绪健康的结合。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题(3)

四级Much ink has been spilled in management books discussing how to get the most out of these youths in the workplace.

在讨论如何在工作场所充分利用这些年轻人的管理书籍中，已经有很多墨水溢出。

2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）

四级Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.

技术变革很可能会强化这种转变：与计算机相辅相成的技能，从管理技能到创造力，并不一定会随着年龄的增长而下降。

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套)

四级A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon, it is time to ask questions.

一个很好的经验法则是，一旦将军和医院管理人员加入管理潮流，就到了提问的时候了。

2017年6月大学英语四级真题（第2套）

四级Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, 'Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.

伊利诺伊州凯洛格管理学院的Leigh Thompson警告说，“团队并不总是答案——团队可能会提供洞察力、创造力和知识，而独立工作的人无法做到这一点；但团队合作也可能导致混乱、拖延和决策失误。

2017年6月大学英语四级真题（第2套）

四级At the same time, however, young working women are less likely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they're not interested in becoming a boss or top manager; only 24% of young men say the same.

然而，与此同时，年轻的职场女性比男性更不可能瞄准最高管理职位：34%的人表示，她们对成为老板或最高管理者不感兴趣；只有24%的年轻男性有同样的看法。

2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套)

四级I n a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other.

在我的三阶段生活中，人们在同一时间、同一年龄离开大学，他们倾向于在同一年龄开始自己的事业和家庭，他们大致在同一时期进入中层管理，然后在几年内退休。

2019年6月大学英语四级真题（第1套）