四级After tough workout or a day full of physical activity, it's common to find your muscles aching, but where do these pains come from?

经过艰苦的锻炼或一天的体力活动后，你的肌肉酸痛是很常见的，但这些疼痛是从哪里来的呢？

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

四级When muscles perform an activity they aren't regularly expose to, the tiny fibers that are inside them are being torn apart.

当肌肉进行他们不经常接触的活动时，它们内部的细小纤维被撕裂。

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

六级Additional protein was found to help strengthen the muscles of overweight seniors seeking weight loss.

研究发现，额外的蛋白质有助于加强寻求减肥的超重老年人的肌肉。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

六级At around age 60, "muscles really start to break down," says Kathryn Starr, an aging researcher, "and because of that, the protein needs of an older adult actually increase.

在60岁左右，“肌肉真的开始崩溃，”老龄化研究人员凯瑟琳·斯塔尔说，“正因为如此，老年人对蛋白质的需求实际上增加了。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

六级After six months, researchers found the high protein group had significantly improved their muscle function一almost twice as much as the control group.

六个月后，研究人员发现高蛋白组显著改善了肌肉功能一几乎是对照组的两倍。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

考研Studies dating back to the 1930's indicate that laughter relaxes muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.

可以追溯到20世纪30年代的研究表明，笑可以放松肌肉，在笑声消失后45分钟内降低肌肉张力。

2011年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

高考If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain.

如果你在户外锻炼，你的身体将学会深呼吸，让更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。

2019年高考英语全国卷I 阅读理解 七选五 原文

六级Already it is known that bones, muscles and nerves develop faster in baby girls.

众所周知，女婴的骨骼、肌肉和神经发育更快。

2012年12月听力原文

四级As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes.

好像你需要另一个理由来讨厌健身房，现在证明锻炼不仅会消耗你的肌肉，还会消耗你的眼睛。

2017年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

四级When the body realizes the muscles are hurt, the response is to increase blood flow to the area and increase body heat, damaged cells are then cleaned up and the body sends cells specially designed to break down the large muscle fiber fragments.

当身体意识到肌肉受伤时，反应是增加流向该区域的血液流量，增加体温，然后清除受损细胞，身体发送专门设计的细胞，以分解大块肌肉纤维碎片。

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

考研Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.

那些被迫锻炼微笑肌肉的人对滑稽纸箱的反应比那些嘴巴皱眉的人更热烈，这表明表情可能会影响情绪，而不仅仅是相反。

2011年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

高考To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen your leg muscles, avoid hills and get good running shoes.

为了避免膝盖疼痛，你可以在柔软的地面上跑步，做一些锻炼来加强腿部肌肉，避开丘陵，穿上好的跑鞋。

2018年高考英语全国卷I 语法填空 原文

考研It turns out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions.

事实证明，大脑需要像肌肉一样进行锻炼，正确的心理锻炼可以显著改善我们的基本认知功能。

2014年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

四级According to a German professor, the soreness comes from straining your muscles in an uncommon way, for example, jumping on a bicycle for a ride, because you haven't ridden in a long time.

根据一位德国教授的说法，这种疼痛来自于以一种不寻常的方式拉紧你的肌肉，例如，跳上自行车兜风，因为你已经很久没有骑过了。

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

四级I really want to lose some of these belly fat and turn it into muscle, but I'm not sure which of the gym equipment would best help.

我真的很想减掉一些腹部脂肪并将其转化为肌肉，但我不确定哪种健身器材最有帮助。

2018年6月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section B

高考Eventually, the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they.

最后，这对夫妇发现他们的身体好转了，他们重新找到了强壮的肌肉。

2018年高考英语江苏卷 完形填空 原文

四级As muscle soreness develops, the body has to work to repair the muscle tears, but this doesn't happen immediately.

随着肌肉酸痛的发展，身体必须努力修复肌肉撕裂，但这不会立即发生。

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

四级first, the body must realize the muscles are damaged.

首先，身体必须意识到肌肉受损。

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

高考Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones.

这种创业疲劳是非常真实的，即使不是身体上的，也不是我们肌肉和骨骼上的东西。

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

四级Its purpose is to build and maintain bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age.

它的目的是建立和维持骨骼和肌肉的质量，两者都随着年龄的增长而收缩。

2013年6月阅读原文

四级They were taught that the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and that learning prompts the brain to grow new connections.

他们被教导，大脑就像一块肌肉，随着使用而变得更强壮，学习促使大脑建立新的联系。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级During 26 vigorous exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products.

在26次剧烈运动中，我们的肌肉会因耗尽燃料和积累废物而疲劳。

2017年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

六级It helps build nails, hair, bones and muscles.

它有助于建立指甲，头发，骨骼和肌肉。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

考研In fact, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the opposite.

事实上，笑并没有像锻炼那样拉紧肌肉来增强肌肉，相反，笑显然起到了相反的作用。

2011年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

考研Most importantly, it constantly modifies and enhances the games you play to build on the strengths you are developing—much like an effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.

最重要的是，它不断地修改和增强你所玩的游戏，以建立你正在发展的力量，就像一个有效的锻炼程序要求你增加阻力和改变你的肌肉使用。

2014年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

六级Anytime you’re repairing or building muscle.

任何时候你在修复或锻炼肌肉。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

六级Extreme athletes expend lots of energy breaking down and repairing and building muscles.

极限运动员消耗大量能量分解、修复和锻炼肌肉。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

四级Mules have strong muscles like horses; but they eat less, can work longer, and are gentler, like donkeys.

骡子像马一样有强壮的肌肉；但它们吃得少，工作时间长，而且更温和，就像驴子一样。

2017年6月听力原文

四级Muscle performance can also be affected by a phenomenon called "central fatigue", in which an imbalance in the body's chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements effectively.

肌肉表现也会受到一种称为“中枢疲劳”的现象的影响，在这种现象中，身体化学信使的不平衡会阻止中枢神经系统有效地引导肌肉运动。

2017年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

四级The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are avoidable, and simple flexibility training can prevent these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑 ).

肌肉持续紧张和关节僵硬的结果，其中许多是可以避免的，简单的柔韧性训练可以通过使肌肉更强壮和保持关节润滑来防止这些(润滑 ).

2013年6月阅读原文

四级It takes about a day until these cells make it to your aching muscles.

大约需要一天的时间，直到这些细胞到达你疼痛的肌肉。

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

四级That's why there is most often a delay associated with muscle soreness.

这就是为什么最常见的延迟与肌肉酸痛有关。

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

六级She's using CT scans to measure muscle size and fat, and comparing seniors on a high-protein diet with those on regular diets.

她利用CT扫描测量肌肉大小和脂肪，并将高蛋白饮食的老年人与常规饮食的老年人进行比较。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

六级Starr recently conducted a small study that found that adding extra protein foods to the diet of obese older individuals who were trying to lose weight strengthened their muscles.

斯塔尔最近进行了一项小型研究，发现在试图减肥的肥胖老年人的饮食中添加额外的蛋白质食物可以增强他们的肌肉。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

四级Unfortunately, there is little that can be down to relieve muscle soreness.

不幸的是，几乎没有什么可以减轻肌肉酸痛的方法。

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

六级The marketing is tempting: Get stronger muscles and healthier bodies with minimal effort by adding protein powder to your morning shake or juice drink.

市场营销很诱人：在你的晨奶昔或果汁饮料中加入蛋白粉，只需很少的努力，就能让你的肌肉更强壮，身体更健康。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

六级At around age 60, “muscles really start to break down,” says Kathryn Starr, an aging researcher at Duke University School of Medicine, “and because of that, in addition to the fact that as we get older our body's ability to break down protein is reduced, the protein needs of an older adult actually increases.

杜克大学医学院的衰老研究人员Kathryn Starr说，在60岁左右，“肌肉真的开始分解，正因为如此，除了随着年龄的增长，我们身体分解蛋白质的能力降低之外，老年人对蛋白质的需求实际上也在增加。”。

2019年12月六级真题（第2套）

六级In fact, along with her colleague Connie Bales, Starr recently conducted a small study that found that adding extra protein foods to the diet of obese older individuals who were trying to lose weight strengthened their muscles.

事实上，斯塔尔和她的同事康妮·鲍尔斯最近进行了一项小型研究，发现在试图减肥的肥胖老年人的饮食中添加额外的蛋白质食物可以增强他们的肌肉。

2019年12月六级真题（第2套）

四级Your heart is beating faster and harder, and the muscles of your arms and legs become tight.

你的心跳越来越快，越来越用力，胳膊和腿的肌肉也变得紧绷。

1992年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle groups vigorously (强有力的) enough to approximately double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time.

健身的关键是大力锻炼主要肌肉群(强有力的) 足以使心率大约加倍，并一次保持加倍20到30分钟。

1992年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Trying to live up to the images of “perfect” models and movie heroes has a dark side: anxiety and depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain.

试图不辜负“完美”模特和电影英雄的形象有着黑暗的一面：焦虑和抑郁，以及不健康的减肥或增肌策略。

2020年9月大学英语四级真题（第1套）