四级So what they believe is that their children must excel and beat their white peers in academic settings so they have the same chances to excel later.

因此，他们认为他们的孩子必须在学术环境中表现出色，击败白人同龄人，这样他们以后就有同样的机会表现出色。

2018年6月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

六级They typically carry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attending school, and often require significant academic remediation ( ' , 补习 ).

他们通常承担比同龄人更沉重的经济负担，更有可能在上学期间工作，并且经常需要重大的学术补救（“，补习 ).

2015年12月阅读原文

六级Kids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education came on campus with little academic know- how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation.

在他们的家庭中，第一个勇敢面对高等教育世界的孩子来到校园时，几乎没有什么学术知识，比同龄人更有可能在毕业前辍学。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级"This study shows the importance of so-called non-cognitive' or soft skills in contributing to children's positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic success,"said Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Fami

杜克儿童与家庭中心主任肯尼斯·道奇（Kenneth Dodge）说：“这项研究显示了所谓的非认知技能或软技能在促进儿童积极的同伴关系方面的重要性，而这反过来又有助于他们取得学业上的成功。”

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

六级kids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education came on campus with little academic know-how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation.

在他们的家庭中，第一个勇敢面对高等教育世界的孩子来到校园时，几乎没有什么学术知识，比同龄人更有可能在毕业前辍学。

2015年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

六级They found that early attention skills were the most consistent predictor of academic success, and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performance.

他们发现，早期注意力技能是学业成功最一致的预测因素，同龄人的亲和力对学业成绩也有一定的影响。

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

六级They typically carry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attending school, and often require significant academic remediation.

他们通常承担比同龄人更沉重的经济负担，更有可能在上学期间工作，并且经常需要重大的学术补救措施。

2015年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

六级Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade, while those with higher social acceptance had higher grades.

一年级同龄人不喜欢的孩子在五年级的成绩略低，而社会接受度较高的孩子成绩较高。

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

六级Social acceptance by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade.

幼儿期同伴的社会接受度也能预测五年级的成绩。

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

六级Less inherently interpersonal subjects, such as math, could acquire a social aspect through team problem solving and peer tutoring.

像数学这样的人际关系较差的学科，可以通过团队解决问题和同伴辅导获得社会方面的知识。

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

考研Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.

其他科学家也免费进行同行评议的专业工作，因为它是获得地位和生产科学知识的核心要素。

2020年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级Cell phonesfoster social connections with peers across time and space

手机可以跨越时间和空间与同龄人建立社交联系

2013年12月阅读原文

六级It's the fastest-ever recovery of a mammal, joining peers like the Louisiana black bear as glowing successes in the history of the Endangered Species Act.

这是哺乳动物有史以来恢复最快的一次，与路易斯安那黑熊一样，在《濒危物种法》的历史上取得了辉煌的成功。

2018年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section A

六级In a 2011 study, Steinberg and his colleagues turned to functional MRI to investigate how the presence of peers affects the activity in the adolescent brain.

在2011年的一项研究中，斯坦伯格和他的同事转向功能性核磁共振成像来研究同龄人的存在如何影响青少年大脑的活动。

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

六级The brains of teenagers, but not adults, showed greater activity in two regions associated with rewards when they were being observed by same-age peers than when alone.

青少年（而非成年人）的大脑在两个与奖励相关的区域中表现出更大的活动性，这两个区域在同龄同龄人的观察下比单独观察时更为活跃。

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

考研Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.

然而，更不确定的是，专家和官僚如何成功地选择我们的同行群体，并将他们的活动引导到良性的方向。

2012年考研阅读原文

六级In addition to connecting peers, cell phones connect children and parents.

除了连接同龄人，手机还连接孩子和父母。

2013年12月阅读原文

考研In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.

此外，公司用于评估关系的计算机程序可能获得专利，不受同行审查或外部评估的约束。

2009年考研阅读原文

考研Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.

该杂志的内部编辑、现有评审编辑委员会或外部同行评审员将对稿件进行额外审查。

2015年考研阅读原文

考研Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal's internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.

该杂志的内部编辑、现有评审编辑委员会或外部同行评审员将对稿件进行额外审查。

2015年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust to the rigor (严格要求) and faster pace of a university classroom –and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified.

这所大学投入了大量资源进行同伴咨询，以帮助来自市中心学校的学生适应这种严酷的环境(严格要求) 加快大学课堂的节奏——也有助于少数民族学生克服他们不太合格的成见。

2011年6月阅读原文

六级They worry that the adolescent peer group has the power to push its members into behavior that is foolish and even dangerous.

他们担心青少年同龄人群体有能力迫使其成员做出愚蠢甚至危险的行为。

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

考研Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

罗森博格令人信服地辩称，公共卫生倡导者应该向广告商学习，广告商擅长施加同侪压力。

2012年考研阅读原文

六级The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by counting us in — and measuring us against - our peer group.

作为个体，我们对气候变化的消极态度可以通过将我们算在我们的同龄人群体中——并与之相对照——来改变。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by counting us in—and measuring us against—our peer group.

作为个体，我们对气候变化的消极态度可以通过将我们计算在内并对照我们的同龄人群体来改变。

2015年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

六级Steinberg and Gardner randomly assigned some participants to play alone or with two same-age peers looking on.

斯坦伯格和加德纳随机分配了一些参与者，让他们单独玩，或者让两个同龄的同伴观看。

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

六级Like many first-generation students, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were also attending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs.

和许多第一代学生一样，他就读于一所中等规模的州立大学，他的许多高中同龄人也在就读，他获得了佩尔助学金，并获得了一些小额联邦贷款以支付其他费用。

2015年12月阅读原文

考研But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.

但在她的新书《加入俱乐部》中，蒂娜·罗森伯格（Tina Rosenberg）认为，同龄人的压力也可以是一种积极的力量，她称之为社会疗法，即组织和官员利用群体动力的力量来帮助个人改善生活，甚至改善世界。

2012年考研阅读原文

考研But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their li

但在她的新书《加入俱乐部》中，蒂娜·罗森伯格（Tina Rosenberg）认为，同龄人的压力也可以是一种积极的力量，她称之为“社会疗法”，即组织和官员利用群体动力的力量帮助个人提高自我价值

2012年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

四级Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year

在大学一年级，黑人学生在白人同学中感到有些尴尬

2011年6月阅读原文

考研In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

在南非，一个名为LoveLife的艾滋病预防计划招募年轻人在同龄人中推广安全性行为。

2012年考研阅读原文

考研In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as Lovelife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.

在南非，一个名为Lovelife的艾滋病预防计划招募年轻人在同龄人中推广安全性行为。

2012年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级In his latest experiment, published online in August, Steinberg and his colleagues used a computerized version of a card game called the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate how the presence of peers affects the way young people gather and apply information.

斯坦伯格和他的同事在8月份在线发布的最新实验中，使用了一种名为“爱荷华州赌博任务”的纸牌游戏的计算机版，调查同龄人的存在如何影响年轻人收集和应用信息的方式。

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

四级The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.

这项研究认为，在男女混合的学校里，男孩的表现往往很差，因为当他们的女性同龄人在口语和阅读技能方面表现得更好时，他们会变得沮丧。

2011年12月阅读原文

六级Older adolescents scored about 50 percent higher on an index of risky driving when their peers were in the room — and the driving of early adolescents was fully twice as reckless when other young teens were around.

当同龄人在房间里时，年龄较大的青少年在危险驾驶指数上的得分高出约50%——而当其他青少年在场时，早期青少年的驾驶鲁莽程度是其他青少年的两倍。

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

六级They do not often demonstrate risky behaviors as their peers.

他们不像同龄人那样经常表现出危险行为。

2016年12月阅读原文

六级We should assure such students that risk, and even peer pressure, can be a good thing—as long as it happens in the classroom and not in the car.

我们应该向这些学生保证，只要风险发生在教室而不是车里，风险甚至同伴压力都是好事。

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

六级As fifth-graders, children with early attention problems obtained average reading scores at least 3% lower than their contemporaries' and grades at least 8% lower than those of their peers.

在五年级时，有早期注意力问题的儿童的平均阅读成绩比同龄人低至少3%，比同龄人低至少8%。

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

六级By fifth grade, children with early attention difficulties had lower grades and reading achievement scores than their peers.

到五年级时，早期注意困难儿童的成绩和阅读成绩低于同龄人。

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

六级The results highlight the need to develop effective early interventions to help those with attention on track academically and for educators to encourage positive peer relationships, the researchers said.

研究人员说，研究结果突出表明，需要制定有效的早期干预措施，帮助那些关注学业的人，并鼓励教育者建立积极的同伴关系。

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

四级But just before he reached the car door, he suddenly stopped, crouching ( ' , 蹲伏 ) down to peer at something on the sidewalk.

但就在他到达车门前，他突然停了下来，蜷缩着（“，蹲伏 ) 向下看人行道上的东西。

2015年12月阅读原文

四级But just before he reached the car door, he suddenly stopped, crouching (蹲伏) down to peer at something on the sidewalk.

但就在他到达车门前，他突然停了下来，蜷缩着(蹲伏) 向下看人行道上的东西。

2015年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

六级In other words, rewards are more intense for teens when they are with peers, which motivates them to pursue higher-risk experiences that might bring a big payoff such as the thrill of just making the light before it turns re.

换句话说，当青少年与同龄人在一起时，奖励会更强烈，这会促使他们追求更高风险的体验，这可能带来巨大的回报，比如在灯亮之前点亮灯的兴奋感。

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

考研This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

这是一种微妙的同伴压力：我们无意识地模仿每天看到的行为。

2012年考研阅读原文

考研There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.

毫无疑问，我们的同龄人群体对我们的行为产生了巨大的影响。

2012年考研阅读原文

考研There's no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.

毫无疑问，我们的同龄人群体对我们的行为产生了巨大的影响。

2012年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

四级In literacy, they were actually doing better than their peers in other countries.

在识字方面，他们实际上比其他国家的同龄人做得更好。

2017年6月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section B

六级Tennessee State's overall graduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smaller gap between the outcomes for first-generation students and those of their peers.

田纳西州的整体毕业率只有39%，但至少第一代学生的成绩与同龄人相比差距较小。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级First generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.

第一代大学生往往比同龄人有更重的经济负担。

2015年12月阅读原文

考研Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.

她对许多公共卫生运动的拙劣之处的批评是一针见血的：它们没有调动同龄人对健康习惯的压力，而且它们表明对心理学的理解存在严重缺陷。

2012年考研阅读原文

六级Almost all said that their cell phone was the way they stayed in touch with peers, one-third had used the cell phone to help a peer in need, and about 80% said the phone made them feel safer.

几乎所有人都说他们的手机是他们与同龄人保持联系的方式，三分之一的人用手机帮助有需要的同龄人，约80%的人说手机让他们感觉更安全。

2013年12月阅读原文

六级In addition to connecting peers, cell phones connect children and parents

除了连接同龄人，手机还连接孩子和父母

2013年12月阅读原文

六级At certain stages of life, especially adolescence, the pressure to be seen as similar to peers is immense

在人生的某些阶段，尤其是青春期，被视为与同龄人相似的压力是巨大的

2012年12月阅读原文

考研Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.

然而，更不确定的是，专家和官僚如何成功地选择我们的同行群体，并将他们的活动引导到良性的方向。

2012年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级a parent, relative, friend, or doctor outside the family, had higher self-esteem, higher grades, and lower substance use than peers whose role models were sports figures, singers, or other media characters.

父母、亲戚、朋友或家庭以外的医生比那些以体育明星、歌手或其他媒体人物为榜样的同龄人有更高的自尊、更高的分数和更少的物质使用。

2013年6月阅读原文

考研Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.

加入俱乐部充满了太多不相关的细节，对社会和生物因素的探索不够，这使得同龄人的压力如此强大。

2012年考研阅读原文

四级Black students can compete with their white peers academically.

黑人学生可以在学业上与白人同龄人竞争。

2011年6月阅读原文

六级They are usually more motivated to compete with their peers.

他们通常更有动力与同龄人竞争。

2013年12月听力原文

六级Cell phonesfoster social connections with peers across time and space.

手机可以跨越时间和空间与同龄人建立社交联系。

2013年12月阅读原文

四级They lack consistent support from peers.

他们缺乏同行的一致支持。

2013年6月听力原文

考研In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

在丹麦、美国和其他一些国家，它正试图为模特和时尚形象制定自愿标准，这些标准更多地依赖同行压力来执行。

2016年考研阅读原文

六级John Rother, the AARP's head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers.

美国退休人员协会政策和战略负责人约翰·罗瑟（John Rother）指出，研究表明，在其他条件相同的情况下，继续工作的人的死亡率低于退休同龄人。

2010年12月阅读原文

六级It is actually about what their peers think of them, what their social norms are, what is seen as desirable in society.

这实际上是关于他们的同龄人对他们的看法，他们的社会规范是什么，在社会上什么是可取的。

2015年12月阅读原文

四级The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers.

1858年，威廉·法尔（William Farr）首次注意到这种效应，他写道寡妇和鳏夫(鳏夫) 他们的死亡风险比已婚同龄人高得多。

2010年12月阅读原文

六级They include photos repurposed for inappropriate or illegal means, identity theft, embarrassment, bullying by peers or digital kidnapping.

其中包括用于不当或非法手段的照片、身份盗窃、尴尬、同伴欺凌或数字绑架。

2018年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

四级Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.

在大学一年级，黑人学生在白人同学中感到有些尴尬。

2011年6月阅读原文

六级That was confirmed in the early 1990s by the American Magellan orbiter which used radar to peer through the planet's thick clouds and mapped out a rich, varied and dynamic surface.

20世纪90年代初，美国麦哲伦轨道飞行器证实了这一点，该飞行器利用雷达探测地球的厚云，绘制出一个丰富、多样和动态的表面。

2019年6月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

六级A study published last year in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that people who sleep more tend to eat less unhealthy food than their peers who don't get as much rest.

去年发表在《美国临床营养学杂志》上的一项研究发现，睡得多的人比没有休息的同龄人更倾向于少吃不健康的食物。

2017年12月六级真题（第二套）听力u2002 Section B

六级At certain stages of life, especially adolescence, the pressure to be seen as similar to peers is immense.

在人生的某些阶段，尤其是青春期，被视为与同龄人相似的压力是巨大的。

2012年12月阅读原文

四级Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision, making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure

风险业务我们每个人都对自己的决策负责，即使决策过程受到压力或同行压力的影响

2011年12月阅读原文

六级First-Generation College-Goers： Unprepared and Behind Kids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education come on campus with little academic know-how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation.

第一代大学生：没有准备和落后

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题（一）

六级Peer Pressure Has a Positive Side Parents of teenagers often view their children's friends with something like suspicion.

同伴压力有积极的一面

2018 年 6 月6级真题第1套

六级“What our study suggests is that teenagers learn more quickly and more effectively when their peers are present than when they're on their own,” Steinberg says.

斯坦伯格说：“我们的研究表明，当同龄人在场时，青少年比独自一人时学习更快、更有效。”。

2018 年 6 月6级真题第1套

六级“This study shows the importance of so-called 'non-cognitive’ or soft skills in contributing to children’s positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic success,” said Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy.

杜克大学儿童与家庭政策中心主任Kenneth Dodge说：“这项研究表明了所谓的‘非认知’或软技能在促进儿童积极的同伴关系方面的重要性，而这种关系反过来又有助于他们的学业成功。”。

2018年12月6级真题第三套

六级After critiquing (评论) the so-called thin ideal by writing essays and role-playing with their peers, participants are directed to come up with and execute small, nonviolent acts.

批评之后(评论) 所谓的瘦理想是通过写文章和与同龄人进行角色扮演，参与者被引导想出并实施小的非暴力行为。

2009年6月英语六级真题

六级The goal of the year-long effort is to educate teens on the rules of safe driving and the severe consequences that can result if those rules are not followed, and then have them communicate that information to their peers.

这项为期一年的努力的目标是教育青少年安全驾驶规则以及如果不遵守这些规则可能产生的严重后果，然后让他们将这些信息传达给同龄人。

2009年6月英语六级真题

六级John Rother, the AARP’s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers.

美国退休人员协会政策和战略负责人John Rother指出，研究表明，在其他条件相同的情况下，仍在工作的人的死亡率低于退休同龄人。

2010年12月英语六级真题

六级The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust to the rigor (严格要求)and faster pace of a university classroom –and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified.

该大学已将资源投入到同伴咨询中，以帮助市中心学校的学生适应这种严格的要求(严格要求)以及更快的大学课堂节奏，也帮助少数族裔学生克服他们不太合格的刻板印象。

2011年6月英语六级真题

四级“Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself,” says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.

哈佛医学院教授T.Berry Brazelton说：“游戏是孩子探索世界和了解自己最有力的方式。

2003年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends , etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values .

当我们开始质疑我们的假设，并质疑我们从过去、媒体、同龄人、家人、朋友等那里学到的东西时，我们开始意识到我们的一些结论是有缺陷的(有缺陷的) 或者违背我们的基本价值观。

2009年6月英语四级考试真题

四级We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision, making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure.

我们每个人都对自己的决定负责，即使决策过程受到压力或同伴压力的破坏。

2011年12月英语四级考试真题

四级Broader definitions of the sharing economy include peer-to- peer lending (though cash is hardly a spare fixed asset) or putting a solar panel on your roof and selling power back to the grid (电网).

更广泛的共享经济定义包括对等借贷（尽管现金几乎不是备用的固定资产）或在屋顶上安装太阳能电池板并将电力售回电网(电网).

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）

四级The end result has been that, after all the spending, students have worse math and reading skills than both their foreign peers and earlier generations spending far less on education— as all the accumulating evidence now documents.

最终的结果是，在所有的支出之后，学生的数学和阅读能力比他们的外国同龄人和前几代人都差，在教育上的支出也少得多——所有不断积累的证据现在都证明了这一点。

2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套)

四级"So what they believe is that their children must excel and beat their white peers in academic settings so they have the same chances to excel later. "

“所以他们认为，他们的孩子必须在学术环境中表现出色，击败白人同龄人，这样他们以后才能有同样的机会表现出色。”

2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套)

四级Sue, who was born in the United States to immigrant parents, wants her peers to dial it back.

苏出生在美国，父母都是移民，她希望同龄人能回电。

2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套)

考研Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.

像vos Savant这样的超高分已经不可能了，因为现在的评分是基于同龄人之间的统计人口分布，而不是简单地将精神年龄除以实际年龄再乘以100。

2007年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题

考研A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review.

然后，期刊编辑会从论文中删除作者的姓名和隶属关系，并将其发送给同行进行审查。

2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题