四级He stood out in three ways－as a technologist, as a corporate （公司的）leader and as somebody who was able to make people love what had previously been impersonal, functional gadgets.

他在三个方面脱颖而出——作为一名技术专家，作为一名公司(公司的）作为一个领导者，他能够让人们喜欢上以前不受人欢迎的功能性小玩意。

2012年12月阅读原文

六级It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International.

它并没有逃过人们的注意，大卫·卡梅伦的竞选总监林顿·克罗斯比（Lynton Crosby）成立的一家游说公司此前曾为菲利普·莫里斯国际公司（Philip Morris International）代理过职务。

2016年12月阅读原文

六级The company had previously announced the planned closures, but had not said which locations would be affected.

该公司此前已宣布了计划中的关闭，但没有说哪些地点将受到影响。

2017年6月阅读原文

四级The scientist confirmed the snake was a previously unknown species after conducting a genetic analysis of tissue samples.

在对组织样本进行遗传分析后，这位科学家确认这条蛇是一种以前未知的物种。

2017年6月听力原文

四级The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a "possible range" for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.

国际自然保护联盟（International Union for Conservation of Nature）此前曾将该地区视为该物种的“可能活动范围”，当地人曾报告称在该地区见过狮子，但没有人提出令人信服的证据。

2017年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section A

六级Previously, scientists noticed pollutants arriving in the Arctic with the wind.

此前，科学家注意到污染物随风抵达北极。

2016年12月听力原文

六级Some law firms now use artificial intelligence software to scan and read mountains of legal documents, work that previously was performed by highly-paid human lawyers.

一些律师事务所现在使用人工智能软件扫描和阅读堆积如山的法律文件，这项工作以前是由高薪的人类律师完成的。

2012年12月阅读原文

四级The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.

其结果是，以前作为成人期开始特征的承诺现在被推迟，新的行为模式和新的生活阶段正在20多岁的人身上出现。

2019年6月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

四级The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers below this depth, and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.

斯坦福大学的研究小组调查了这一深度以下的含水层，发现储量可能是先前所认为的三倍。

2018年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

四级The TV station reported that by completing the swim the fourth-grade student from Los Banos broke a record previously held by a ten-year-old boy.

电视台报道说，洛斯巴诺斯四年级的学生完成了游泳，打破了此前一名十岁男孩保持的纪录。

2019年6月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A

四级As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn't just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.

整整两天，我呆呆地坐着，不知所措，我一时想知道，我是否可以打电话给我正在处理的主题方面的专家，或者是以前上过这门课的人，让我继续学习。

2017年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

高考The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.

几年前，这个赤脚的孩子生活在贫困中，周围充斥着犯罪和暴力，他在体育史上写下了新的篇章。

2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

考研These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.

这些人以前可能觉得有必要找一份全职工作，为自己和家人提供保险。

2015年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级In fact, when Twenge previously used this data to suggest a screen time effect, some commentators were quick to raise this problem.

事实上，当Twenge之前使用这些数据来表示屏幕时间效应时，一些评论员很快提出了这个问题。

2019年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

六级At a time when natural history was a valuable tool for discovery, Merian discovered facts about plants and Insects that were not previously known.

在自然史是一个有价值的发现工具的时代，美利安人发现了以前未知的植物和昆虫的事实。

2018年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

四级92 were found to have higher nicotine yields than they did six years previously.

92人的尼古丁产量比六年前高。

2016年6月听力原文

考研And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.

而细分市场最简单的方法之一就是扩大性别差异——或者在以前不存在的地方发明性别差异。

2012年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级Satellite observations and submarine surveys over the past few years had shown less ice in the polar region, but the recent measurements show the loss is more pronounced than previously thought.

过去几年的卫星观测和潜艇调查显示，极地地区的冰较少，但最近的测量表明，冰的减少比以前认为的更为明显。

2016年6月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

六级At a time when natural history was a valuable tool for discovery, Merian discovered facts about plants and insects that were not previously known.

在自然史是一种有价值的发现工具的时候，梅里安发现了以前未知的植物和昆虫的事实。

2018年12月6级真题第二套

四级The movement to “humanize” hanks, of course, received a big push during the war, when more and more women were employed to do work previously performed by men.

当然，将手帕“人性化”的运动在战争期间得到了大力推动，当时越来越多的女性受雇于以前由男性完成的工作。

1992年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Also more and more “little” people found themselves in need of personal loans, as taxes became heavier and as the practice of installment (分期付款) buying broke down the previously long—held concept that there was something almost morally wrong about being in debt.

此外，随着税收的加重和分期付款的做法，越来越多的“小”人发现自己需要个人贷款(分期付款) 购买打破了之前长期持有的观念，即负债几乎在道德上是错误的。

1992年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级The project provided opportunities for researchers from India and abroad to study tigers in the reserves and gather previously unavailable information about their habits.

该项目为印度和国外的研究人员提供了研究保护区老虎的机会，并收集了以前无法获得的关于老虎习性的信息。

1993年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级The movement to “humanize” banks, of course, received a new push during the war, when more and more women were employed to do work previously performed by men.

当然，“人性化”银行的运动在战争期间得到了新的推动，当时越来越多的女性受雇于以前由男性从事的工作。

1994年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Also more and more “little” people found themselves in need of personal loans, as taxes became heavier and as the practice of installment (分期付款) buying broke down the previously long-held concept that there was something almost morally wrong about being in debt.

此外，随着税收的加重和分期付款的做法，越来越多的“小”人发现自己需要个人贷款(分期付款) 购买打破了之前长期持有的观念，即负债几乎在道德上是错误的。

1994年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Using digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously.

使用数字打印，广告牌公司可以在2小时内打印出一个广告牌，而之前是6天。

2008年6月大学英语四级考试真题

四级He stood out in three ways-as a technologist, as a corporate (公司的) leader and as somebody who was able to make people love what had previously been impersonal, functional gadgets.

作为一名技术专家和一家企业，他在三个方面脱颖而出(公司的) 作为一个领导者，作为一个能够让人们喜欢以前没有人情味的、功能性的小工具的人。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题（2）

四级Where I had previously struggled to work while ill, ignorant of why my body was misbehaving, I now had a name for my daily struggle: Lupus (狼疮).

我以前生病时很难工作，不知道为什么我的身体行为不端，现在我有了一个日常斗争的名字：狼疮(狼疮).

2012年12月大学英语四级真题(3)

四级As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.

整整两天，我都坐在那里，毫无头绪，我一时想知道，我是否不能直接打电话给我正在处理的主题的专家，或者以前上过课的人，让我继续学习。

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）

四级The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers(地下蓄水层)below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.

斯坦福大学的研究小组调查了含水层(地下蓄水层)在这个深度以下，发现储量可能是之前认为的三倍。

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）

考研What he saw both surprised and frightened him, for he saw dark spots on the sun which at once suggested to him that God had not made the world quite as perfect as he had previously believed.

他所看到的既使他惊讶又使他害怕，因为他看到了太阳上的黑点，这立刻向他表明，上帝并没有使世界像他以前相信的那样完美。

1981年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研Although much was known previously about the chemical properties of aluminum and their application to practical uses, it was not until sixty years ago that a method of extracting aluminum ore was found which could lead to a cheap large-scale process.

尽管以前人们对铝的化学性质及其在实际应用中的应用知之甚少，但直到60年前，才发现了一种提取铝矿石的方法，这种方法可以实现廉价的大规模工艺。

1984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do.

有时，他们会识别出那些以前没有被认可的高潜力学生，但有很多事情他们没有做。

1995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined.

他们在试图模拟思维时发现，人脑大约1000亿个神经细胞比以前想象的更有天赋，人类的感知也比以前想象得复杂得多。

2002年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题