四级There have been concerns around the sugar content of cereal and the food industry's involvement in pro-breakfast research—and even one claim from an academic that breakfast is "dangerous".

有人担心谷物的含糖量和食品行业参与早餐研究，甚至有一位学者声称早餐是“危险的”。

2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

四级Many of the reductions over the past 30 years have been achieved either by reducing the amount of sugar, salt or fat in a product, or by finding an alternative ingredient.

在过去30年中，通过减少产品中的糖、盐或脂肪含量，或通过寻找替代成分，实现了许多减少。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级Just make sure you're getting real food without tons of added salt or sugar.

只要确保你得到的是真正的食物，没有添加大量的盐或糖。

2015年12月阅读原文

四级While cereal remains a firm favourite among breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation into the sugar content of "adult" breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free s

尽管谷物仍然是英国和美国早餐消费者的最爱，但最近一项针对“成人”早餐谷物糖含量的调查发现，一些谷物含有超过每日推荐量的四分之三的免费谷物

2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

四级The sugar industry is overtaking alcohol and tobacco business in generating profits.

制糖业在创造利润方面正在超越烟酒业。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级Sugar, alcohol and tobacco, economist Adam Smith once wrote, are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation.

经济学家亚当·斯密（Adam Smith）曾写道，糖、酒精和烟草都是不属于生活必需品的商品，几乎已成为普遍消费的对象，因此，它们是极受欢迎的征税对象。

2016年12月阅读原文

六级Of the 46 beverages endorsed by professional athletes, 93 percent relied exclusively on sugar for all of their calories.

在职业运动员认可的46种饮料中，93%的饮料的热量完全依赖于糖。

2016年12月听力原文

四级We can't do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but we can provide consumers with great-tasting products, low in salt, sugar and fat.

我们无法改变久坐的生活方式，但我们可以为消费者提供美味的产品，低盐、低糖、低脂肪。

2018年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

四级Replacing sugar or salt with alternative ingredients.

用替代成分代替糖或盐。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级PepsiCo is to spend billions of dollars to develop drinks and snacks and reformulate existing ones with lower sugar, salt and fat, as consumers demand healthier options and regulatory pressure intensifies amid an obesity epidemic.

百事公司将花费数十亿美元开发饮料和零食，并用较低的糖、盐和脂肪重新配制现有的饮料和零食，因为消费者需要更健康的选择，而在肥胖流行的情况下，监管压力加剧。

2018年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

四级Among other requirements, they must offer a side dish that meets similar criteria, with fewer than 200 calories and less than 35%of its calories from sugar.

除其他要求外，他们必须提供符合类似标准的配菜，热量不超过200卡路里，糖的热量不超过35%。

2012年12月听力原文

四级Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children.

纳多说，糖和加工食品是儿童糖尿病发病率上升的主要原因。

2018年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

四级Setting a limit on the amount of sugar or salt in their products.

限制他们产品中的糖或盐的含量。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级For example, some drink manufacturers have cut the amount of sugar in their beverages.

例如，一些饮料制造商已经减少了饮料中的糖含量。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级The tax will apply to regulaR&Diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas.

该税将适用于普通苏打水和减肥苏打水，以及其他加糖饮料，如佳得乐和冰茶。

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

四级With surging obesity levels putting increasing strain on public health systems, governments around the world have begun to toy with the idea of taxing sugar as well.

随着肥胖水平的飙升给公共卫生系统带来越来越大的压力，世界各国政府也开始玩弄对糖征税的想法。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级In the back room of the little bakery, his interest in design and his baking talent combined to work wonders—he shaped delicious masterpieces out of flour, butter and sugar.

在小面包店的后屋里，他对设计的兴趣和他的烘焙天赋结合在一起创造了奇迹，他用面粉、黄油和糖制作出了美味的杰作。

2018年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

考研Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas.

斯蒂芬森建议，潜在的限制可能包括禁止在晚上9点之前播放高脂肪、高盐或高糖食品的电视广告，并限制在广告牌或电影院播放。

2011年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级Body weight was not hugely different between the groups eating a healthy diet and those on high and sugar diets.

健康饮食组和高糖饮食组的体重差异不大。

2019年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

四级"A balanced breakfast is really helpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave blood sugar stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger levels," says Elder.

埃尔德说：“均衡的早餐确实很有帮助，但一天中有规律的进餐更重要的是让血糖在一天中保持稳定，这有助于控制体重和饥饿水平。”。

2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

六级For years, nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a minimum, to cut calories, prevent fat build-up and stop blood sugar shooting up.

多年来，营养学家一直建议将面食控制在最低限度，以减少热量，防止脂肪堆积，并阻止血糖升高。

2019年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

六级Sports drinks which are often high in sugar and calories made up most of the food and drink deals, with soft drinks and fast food filling out the reminder.

运动饮料通常含高糖和高热量，构成了大多数食品和饮料交易，软饮料和快餐则是提醒。

2016年12月听力原文

六级We can’t expect kids to turn off that admiration when the same person is selling sugar.

当同一个人在卖糖的时候，我们不能指望孩子们会关掉这种崇拜。

2016年12月听力原文

四级Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation's high rate of obesity, diabetes and heart disease.

尽管如此，医生们说，他们查看了这些集体数据，一幅清晰的画面浮现出来：美国饮食中的盐、糖、脂肪和加工食品导致了美国肥胖、糖尿病和心脏病的高发病率。

2018年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

四级There is no effective way to reduce people's sugar consumption.

没有有效的方法来减少人们的糖消费。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级PepsicCo's plan for its foods and drinks is based on guidelines from the World Health Organization, which last week backed using taxes on sparkling drinks to reduce sugar consumption.

百事可乐的食品和饮料计划基于世界卫生组织的指导方针，该组织上周支持对起泡饮料征税以减少糖的消费。

2018年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

四级That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content.

这意味着依赖于高盐和高糖含量的包装食品。

2018年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

六级So there could be less protein, more sugar and some additives you wouldn't expect, such as caffeine.

所以可能会有更少的蛋白质，更多的糖和一些你意想不到的添加剂，比如咖啡因。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

考研But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald's.

但资深医学人士希望阻止在学校附近开设快餐店，限制高脂肪、高盐或高糖产品的广告，并限制麦当劳等快餐生产商赞助体育赛事。

2011年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

四级Sugar poses enough health risks that it should be considered a controlled substance just like alcohol and tobacco, argue a team of researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).

加州大学旧金山分校（UCSF）的一组研究人员认为，糖对健康的风险足够大，应该像酒精和烟草一样被视为受控物质。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级In an opinion piece called “The Toxic (毒性的) Truth About Sugar” published Feb.1 in Nature, Robert Lustig, Laura Schmidt and Claire Brindis argue that it’s wrong to consider sugar just “empty calories.

在一篇名为“The Toxic”的评论文章中(毒性的) Robert Lustig、Laura Schmidt和Claire Brindis认为，认为糖只是“空热量”是错误的。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级Almost everyone’s heard of — or personally experienced — the well-known sugar high, so perhaps the comparison between sugar and alcohol or tobacco shouldn’t come as a surprise.

几乎每个人都听说过——或者亲身经历过——众所周知的高糖，所以也许糖与酒精或烟草之间的比较不应该令人惊讶。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级We’re a nation that’s sweet on sugar: the average U. S. adult downs 22 teaspoons of sugar a day, according to the American Heart Association, and surveys have found that teens swallow 34 teaspoons.

我们是一个吃糖的国家：根据美国心脏协会的数据，美国成年人平均每天摄入22茶匙糖，调查发现青少年摄入34茶匙糖。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级Already, 17% of U. S. children and teens are obese (肥胖), and across the world the sugar intake (摄入) has increased three times in the past 50 years.

已经有17%的美国儿童和青少年肥胖(肥胖), 全世界的糖摄入量(摄入) 在过去50年中增长了三倍。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级“But sugar is toxic beyond its calories.

“但糖的毒性超过了热量。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级“But this and other research suggests there is something different about sugar,” says Brownell.

Brownell说：“但这项研究和其他研究表明，糖有一些不同之处。”。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级The UCSF report emphasizes the metabolic (新陈代谢) effects of sugar.

加州大学旧金山分校的报告强调了代谢(新陈代谢) 糖的作用。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级Excess sugar can alter metabolism, raise blood pressure, affect the signaling of hormones and damage the liver — outcomes that sound suspiciously similar to what can happen after a person drinks too much alcohol.

过量的糖会改变新陈代谢，升高血压，影响激素的信号传导，损害肝脏——这些结果听起来与一个人饮酒过量后可能发生的情况非常相似。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级Alcohol, after all, is simply made from sugar.

毕竟，酒精只是由糖制成的。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级But there are also other areas of impact that researchers have investigated: the effect of sugar on the brain and how liquid calories are interpreted differently by the body than solids.

但研究人员也调查了其他影响领域：糖对大脑的影响，以及身体对液体热量的解释与对固体热量的解释不同。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级Research has suggested that sugar activates the same reward pathways in the brain as traditional drugs of abuse like morphine or heroin.

研究表明，糖在大脑中激活的奖励途径与吗啡或海洛因等传统滥用药物相同。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级No one is claiming the effect of sugar is quite that strong, but, says Brownell, “it helps confirm what people tell you sometimes, that they hunger for sugar and have withdrawal symptoms when they stop eating it.

没有人声称糖的作用那么强烈，但Brownell说，“它有助于证实人们有时告诉你的事情，即他们渴望糖，当他们停止吃糖时会出现戒断症状。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级“People are getting more of their calories than ever before from sugared drinks.

“人们从含糖饮料中获得的热量比以往任何时候都多。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级Teens — no surprise — are good at finding ways to get the things they can’t have, so state policies banning all sugar-sweetened drinks from public schools and providing only water, milk or 100% fruit juices haven’t had the intended effect of steering kids away from drinking sugared drinks: the average teen consumes about 300 calories per day — that’s nearly 15% of his daily calories — in sweetened drinks, and the food and drink industry is only too happy to feed this need.

毫不奇怪，青少年善于找到他们无法拥有的东西，因此国家政策禁止公立学校提供所有含糖饮料，只提供水，牛奶或100%的果汁并没有起到引导孩子们远离含糖饮料的预期效果：青少年平均每天在含糖饮料中消耗约300卡路里，这几乎是他每天热量的15%，而食品和饮料行业非常乐意满足这一需求。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级Ultimately, regulating sugar will prove particularly tricky because it goes beyond health concerns; sugar, for so many people, is love.

最终，糖的监管将变得特别棘手，因为它超出了健康问题；对很多人来说，糖就是爱。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级Says Brindis, one of the report’s authors and director of UCSF’s Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies: “We recognize that there are cultural and celebratory aspects of sugar.

该报告的作者之一、加州大学旧金山分校菲利普·R·李健康政策研究所所长Brindis说：“我们认识到糖有文化和庆祝的方面。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级For inroads (进展) to be made, say the authors in their statement, people have to be better educated about the hazards of sugar and agree that something’s got to change: Many of the interventions (干预) that have reduced alcohol and tobacco consumption can be models for addressing the sugar problem, such as imposing special sales taxes, controlling access, and tightening licensing requirements on vending machines (自动售货机) and snack-bars sell high sugar products in schools and workplaces.

对于入侵(进展) 作者在声明中说，要做到这一点，人们必须更好地了解糖的危害，并同意必须改变一些事情：

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级We’re talking about gentle ways to make sugar consumption slightly less convenient, thereby moving people away from the concentrated does.

我们谈论的是温和的方法，使糖的消费稍微不那么方便，从而使人们远离浓缩糖。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级What we want is to actually increase people’s choices by making foods that aren’t loaded with sugar comparatively easier and cheaper to get.

我们想要的是通过使不含糖的食物相对更容易、更便宜来增加人们的选择。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级This simple idea is that sugar is as good—or as bad—as poison and should be avoided.

这个简单的想法是，糖和毒药一样好——或者一样坏——应该避免。

2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套)

四级The subtitle was How Sugar Is Killing Us.

副标题是“糖是如何杀死我们的”。

2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套)

四级In its countless hidden forms, in ready meals, junk food and sweet drinks, sugar leads to addiction (癮）,to hormonal upsets to the appetite, to metabolic (新陈代谢的）malfunctions and obesity and from there to type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) and its many horrible complications.

在即食食品、垃圾食品和甜饮料中，糖以其无数的隐藏形式导致上瘾(癮）,荷尔蒙刺激食欲，新陈代谢(新陈代谢的）功能障碍与肥胖以及从那里到2型糖尿病(糖尿病) 以及它的许多可怕的并发症。

2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套)

四级It is not difficult to imagine the vested interests (既得利益集团）lined up against any sugar control—all the food and drink manufacturers, processors, promoters and retailers who make such easy pickings out of the magic powers of sugar.

不难想象既得利益者(既得利益集团）反对任何糖控制——所有的食品和饮料制造商、加工商、促销员和零售商都能如此容易地从糖的魔力中挑选出来。

2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套)

四级The amounts of sugar in soft drinks are horrifying, and turn straight to fat.

软饮料中的糖含量惊人，而且会直接变成脂肪。

2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套)

四级You are just consuming neat sugar.

你只是在吃纯糖。

2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套)

四级The risks of eating too much fat or salt (which are very different) pale into insignificance compared with the harm done by sugar.

与糖的危害相比，摄入过多脂肪或盐（两者非常不同）的风险显得微不足道。

2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套)

四级It is difficult to buy anything in a supermarket, other than plain, unprepared meat, fish or vegetables, that doesn’t have a large amount of sugar in it.

在超市里很难买到任何东西，除了没有准备好的普通肉、鱼或蔬菜，里面没有大量的糖。

2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套)

四级This has come about because the prevailing scientific views of the 1960s and 1970s ignored the evidence about sugar, and instead saw fat as the really serious risk, both to the heart and other organs, as well as the cause of obesity.

之所以会出现这种情况，是因为20世纪60年代和70年代的主流科学观点忽视了关于糖的证据，而是将脂肪视为对心脏和其他器官以及肥胖原因的真正严重风险。

2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套)

四级But finding that food with much of its fat removed is not very appetizing, food producers turned to sugar as a magic alternative flavour enhancer, often in the forms of syrups （糖浆）that had recently been developed from com, and put it generously into most prepared foods and soft drinks.

但是，食品生产商发现去除了大部分脂肪的食物并不是很有食欲，于是将糖作为一种神奇的替代增味剂，通常以糖浆的形式出现(糖浆）这是最近从com开发出来的，并将其大量应用于大多数预制食品和软饮料中。

2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套)

四级But sugar additives are not easy to identify and are hard to avoid.

但糖添加剂不容易识别，也很难避免。

2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套)

四级"Sugar, alcohol and tobacco," economist Adam Smith once wrote," are commodities which are nowhere necessaries of life, which have become objects of almost universal consumption, and which are, therefore, extremely popular subjects of taxation. "

“糖、酒和烟草，”经济学家亚当·斯密曾写道，“这些商品根本不是生活必需品，已经成为几乎普遍消费的对象，因此，它们是非常受欢迎的税收主体。”

2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套）

四级Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children.

Nadeau说，糖和加工食品是导致儿童糖尿病发病率上升的主要原因。

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）

四级Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease.

尽管如此，医生们表示，他们查看了集体数据，得出了一个清晰的结论：美国饮食中的盐、糖、脂肪和加工食品导致了美国肥胖、糖尿病和心脏病的高发病率。

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）

四级PepsiCo is to spend billions of dollars to develop drinks and snacks and reformulate existing ones with lower sugar, salt and fat, as consumers demand healthier options and regulatory pressure intensifies amid an obesity epidemic （流行病）.

百事公司将斥资数十亿美元开发饮料和零食，并用较低的糖、盐和脂肪重新配方现有的饮料和零食。因为消费者要求更健康的选择，而在肥胖流行的情况下，监管压力加剧(流行病）.

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）

四级“We can't do much to alter sedentary lifestyles, but we can provide consumers with great-tasting products, low in salt, sugar and fat.

“我们无法改变久坐不动的生活方式，但我们可以为消费者提供低盐、低糖、低脂肪的美味产品。

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）

四级PepsiCo's plan for its foods and drinks is based on guidelines from the World Health Organisation, which last week backed using taxes on sparkling drinks to reduce sugar consumption.

百事公司的食品和饮料计划是基于世界卫生组织的指导方针，该组织上周支持对起泡饮料征税以减少糖的消费。

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）

四级There have been concerns around the sugar content of cereal and the food industry’s involvement in pro-breakfast research—and even one claim from an academic that breakfast is “dangerous”.

人们一直担心谷物的含糖量和食品行业参与支持早餐的研究，甚至有一位学者声称早餐是“危险的”。

2019年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套）

四级While cereal remains a firm favourite among breakfast consumers in the UK and US, a recent investigation into the sugar content of 'adult’ breakfast cereals found that some cereals contain more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion, and sugar was the second or third highest ingredient in cereals.

尽管谷物仍然是英国和美国早餐消费者的最爱，但最近对“成人”早餐谷物的含糖量进行的一项调查发现，一些谷物每份中的游离糖含量超过每日推荐量的四分之三，而糖是谷物中第二或第三高的成分。

2019年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套）

四级“A balanced breakfast is really helpful, but getting regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave blood sugar stable through the day, which helps control weight and hunger levels,” says Elder.

埃尔德说：“均衡的早餐确实很有帮助，但一天中有规律的饮食更重要，可以使血糖在一天中保持稳定，这有助于控制体重和饥饿水平。”。

2019年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套）

四级The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas.

该税将适用于普通和减肥苏打水，以及其他添加糖的饮料，如佳得乐和冰茶。

2019年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）

四级Just make sure you’re getting real food without tons of added salt or sugar.

只要确保你得到的是真正的食物，没有添加大量的盐或糖。

2020年7月大学英语四级真题