n.脊椎动物(包括所有哺乳动物、鸟类、鱼类、爬行动物和两栖动物)
adj.有脊椎的，脊椎动物的

原形：vertebrate复数：vertebrates

Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone or spinal column.
脊椎动物是有脊椎或脊柱的动物。
Fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals are all examples of vertebrates.
鱼、爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物都是脊椎动物的例子。
The vertebrate brain is divided into three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
脊椎动物的大脑分为前脑、中脑和后脑三部分。
Birds are characterized by their bony beaks and feathers, which are unique among vertebrates.
鸟类以其骨质喙和羽毛为特征，这是脊椎动物中独一无二的。
Sharks are cartilaginous vertebrates, meaning their skeletons are made of cartilage instead of bone.
鲨鱼是软骨脊椎动物，它们的骨架由软骨而非骨头构成。
Vertebrates exhibit a high level of diversity in their body structures, from the streamlined fish to the massive elephants.
脊椎动物的身体结构表现出极高的多样性，从流线型的鱼到庞大的大象。
Invertebrates like insects lack a vertebral column, while vertebrates possess one, making them more complex organisms.
昆虫等无脊椎动物没有脊椎，而脊椎动物拥有，这使它们成为更复杂的生物。
Many vertebrates, like humans, have a four-chambered heart, with separate chambers for oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood.
许多脊椎动物，如人类，有四个心室，分别用于储存富含氧和贫氧的血液。
Vertebrates are capable of complex behaviors and exhibit intelligence, as seen in cetaceans like dolphins and whales.
脊椎动物能够展现出复杂的行为，并具有智慧，如海豚和鲸鱼等。
Fossil records show that the first vertebrates emerged around 540 million years ago during the Cambrian period.
化石记录表明，最早的脊椎动物大约在5.4亿年前的寒武纪时期出现。