考研Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors.

大型零售商必须了解这些差异，才能确定欧洲批发市场的哪些细分市场，在这些细分市场中，他们的特殊能力可能会击败规模较小但根深蒂固的竞争对手。

2010年考研阅读原文

考研This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent.

这一发展使欧洲食品服务部门的批发需求每年增长4%至5%，而零售需求增长1%至2%。

2010年考研阅读原文

考研Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.

总体而言，欧洲食品和饮料批发市场的增长速度与零售市场的增长速度相同，但这些数据加起来掩盖了两个相反的趋势。

2010年考研阅读原文

考研But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.

但几乎所有人都忽视了自己后院的巨大盈利机会：食品和饮料批发贸易，这似乎正是零售商需要的市场。

2010年考研阅读原文

考研Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories.

仔细观察发现，最大的全国市场之间存在重大差异，特别是在客户细分和批发结构方面，以及各个食品和饮料类别的竞争动态方面。

2010年考研阅读原文

考研Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.

此外，批发业务的平均总利润率高于零售业务；随着越来越多的欧洲人外出就餐，食品服务业的批发需求正在快速增长；而这一分散行业竞争动态的变化最终使批发商得以整合。

2010年考研阅读原文

考研However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers ( ' , and even some large food producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.

然而，所有这些要求都不应阻止大型零售商（甚至一些大型食品生产商和现有批发商）尝试，因为那些掌握欧洲批发商复杂性的人将获得可观的收益。

2010年考研阅读原文

考研For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales.

例如，2000年，法国、德国、意大利、西班牙和英国的食品和饮料批发销售额达到2680亿美元，占零售额的40%以上。

2010年考研阅读原文

考研Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined— France, Germany, Italy and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks.

尽管在细节上存在差异，但经过仔细检查的国家（法国、德国、意大利和西班牙）的批发市场都是由相同的构件组成的。

2010年考研阅读原文

考研Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at las

此外，批发业务的平均总利润率高于零售业务；随着越来越多的欧洲人外出就餐，食品服务业的批发需求正在快速增长；这一零散行业的竞争动态的变化正在发生

2010年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

考研For example, wholesale food and drink sales came to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom in 2000— more than 40 percent of retail sales.

例如，2000年，法国、德国、意大利、西班牙和英国的食品和饮料批发销售额达到2680亿美元，占零售额的40%以上。

2010年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

考研Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks.

尽管在细节上存在差异，但经过仔细检查的法国、德国、意大利和西班牙等国的批发市场都是由相同的构件组成的。

2010年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

考研However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.

然而，所有这些要求都不应阻止大型零售商尝试，因为那些掌握欧洲复杂批发业务的零售商将获得可观的收益。

2010年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

考研overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.

总体而言，欧洲食品和饮料批发市场的增长速度与零售市场的增长速度相同，但这些数据加起来掩盖了两个相反的趋势。

2010年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

考研Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby.

掌握欧洲复杂批发业务的零售商很可能因此获得丰厚利润。

2010年考研阅读原文

考研From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.

从中产阶级家庭的角度来看，可以理解的是，这在很大程度上不像是行使更多经济责任的机会，而更像是金融风险大规模转移到他们已经负担过重的肩上的可怕加速。

2007年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题