Eric felt constraint in her presence.
埃里克在她面前显得很拘束。
Mary tried to appear friendly, but her constraint was obvious.
玛丽尽力显得友好，可是显然很拘束。
Tom sat down, at first, with some constraint and awkwardness.
汤姆刚入座时还感到有点拘束和别扭。
The project must be completed within a year, due to a tight time constraint.
由于时间限制，项目必须在一年内完成。
Budget
constraints have forced the company to reduce its marketing expenses.
预算限制迫使公司减少了营销开支。
The new policy aims to ease traffic congestion by imposing
constraints on vehicle use in the city center.
新政策旨在通过限制市中心的车辆使用来缓解交通拥堵。
Due to resource
constraints, we had to prioritize which features to include in the software update.
由于资源有限，我们不得不优先考虑在软件更新中包含哪些功能。
The designer worked creatively within the physical
constraints of the small apartment space.
设计师在小公寓空间的物理限制下创造性地工作。
There are legal
constraints that prevent the government from accessing citizens' private data without a warrant.
有法律规定限制政府在没有授权的情况下访问公民的私人数据。
The experiment was conducted under strict ethical
constraints to ensure no harm came to the participants.
实验在严格的道德约束下进行，确保不会对参与者造成伤害。
Financial
constraints often hinder start-ups from investing heavily in research and development.
财务限制常常阻碍初创企业大量投资于研发。
The school operates under the constraint that it must maintain a certain student-teacher ratio.
学校必须遵守保持特定师生比例的限制条件来运作。
Environmental
constraints, such as protecting wildlife habitats, guided the route selection for the new highway.
环境限制因素，如保护野生动物栖息地，指导了新高速公路路线的选择。
With the tightening of global resource and environmental constraints and the nation's pursuit of the "dual-carbon" goals, many policies such as the "carbon border "adjustment mechanism have been introduced.
随着全球资源和环境约束的收紧以及国家对“双碳”目标的追求，许多政策如“碳边界”调整机制已经出台。
For instance, after realizing that logistics was a constraint for business expansion, he set up Transfar Logistics in 2003 to quicken the transport of goods, which helped manufacturing firms lower costs and increase efficiency.
例如，在意识到物流是业务扩张的制约因素后，他于2003年成立了Transfar物流公司，以加快货物运输，这有助于制造企业降低成本，提高效率。
"Our strategic investments in a varied fleet of modern, fuel-efficient aircraft have helped us overcome the significant challenges related to capacity constraints while balancing commercial needs as swiftly as possible," said Akbar Al Baker, chief executive officer of Qatar Airways Group.
卡塔尔航空集团首席执行官阿克巴尔·贝克表示：“我们对各种现代化、节能飞机机队的战略投资帮助我们克服了与运力限制有关的重大挑战，同时尽快平衡商业需求。”。
However, with constraints on trucking services in April, it was difficult for the customer to get cargoes to port, and this put pressure on stock levels for destination retailers.
然而，由于4月份卡车运输服务受到限制，客户很难将货物运到港口，这给目的地零售商的库存水平带来了压力。
The autonomous delivery vehicles will support riders and help alleviate capacity constraints, especially during peak periods or extreme weather conditions.
自动驾驶送货车将支持乘客，帮助缓解运力限制，尤其是在高峰时段或极端天气条件下。
"However, their demand for fruit and other fresh produce couldn't be satisfied, especially in autumn and winter, due to the constraints of geography and climate.
“然而，由于地理和气候的限制，他们对水果和其他新鲜农产品的需求无法满足，尤其是在秋冬季节。
The company's performance was underpinned by production, procurement and logistics focus amid worsening global supply chain constraints during this period, while its Modern Agriculture Platform, which provides Chinese farmers access to leading technologies, tripled sales year-on-year.
公司在这一期间的表现得到了生产、采购和物流的有力支撑，尽管全球供应链限制日益恶化，但其现代农业平台（为中国的农民提供先进的技术）实现了销售额的同比增长三倍。
Harvest setbacks due to severe weather extremes and market supply constraints exacerbated the already low stock-to-use ratios of key grains and led to continued robust grain prices while driving strong demand and growth for Syngenta Group's products and services, the company said.
Syngenta Group表示，由于严重的极端天气导致农作物收成受挫，加上市场供应限制，关键谷物的库存使用比率进一步降低，这导致粮食价格持续坚挺，同时推动了对该公司产品和服务的强劲需求和增长。
In November, Honor was sold by Huawei Technologies Co to a Chinese consortium of over 30 agents and dealers to ensure the brand's survival after Huawei faced severe constraints due to the persistent unavailability of technical components needed for its mobile phone business.
在十一月，华为技术有限公司将其子品牌荣耀出售给了一家由三十多家代理商和经销商组成的中国财团。此举旨在确保荣耀品牌在华为因持续无法获取所需移动电话业务技术组件而面临严重困境的情况下得以生存。
"In the short term, autonomous delivery will be used to supplement manual delivery and help alleviate capacity constraints, especially during peak order seasons or in extreme weather conditions, Kuai said, adding that the company will significantly reduce delivery costs in the long term as use increases.
库爱表示，短期内，自动配送将用于补充人工配送，帮助缓解特别是在订单高峰期或极端天气条件下的运力压力。随着使用量的增加，从长期来看，该公司将大幅降低配送成本。
Such modules can vary in size, typically ranging from a few tons up to several thousand tons, depending on design and installation constraints.
这种模块的大小各不相同，通常从几吨到几千吨不等，具体取决于设计和安装限制。
"The pandemic continues to evolve, and in order to be best prepared, COVAX's actively managed, diverse portfolio will be critical to meeting countries' needs, and protecting against risks such as regulatory delays, variant and supply constraints," said Seth Berkley, CEO of Gavi.
大流行仍在演变，为了做好最充分的准备，“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”积极管理的多样化投资组合对于满足各国需求、防范监管延迟、变异株和供应限制等风险至关重要，”全球疫苗免疫联盟首席执行官塞思·伯克利说。
This represents a strong recovery from 2020, when shipments fell 7 percent due to major market constraints caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
这标志着从2020年的强劲复苏，当时由于COVID-19大流行造成的市场严重限制，出货量下降了7%。
Smartphone vendors must look at improving their operational efficiency while lowering margin expectations in their low-end portfolios for the duration of the constraints, or risk ceding market share to their competitors, Peng said.
彭说，智能手机制造商必须在供应受限期间提高运营效率，同时降低低端产品线的利润率预期，否则将面临失去市场份额的风险。
Meanwhile, as an operator in China, EDF also needs to consider how to improve cost competitiveness under the constraint of work safety," Wei said.
同时，作为在中国的运营商，EDF还需要在确保工作安全的同时，考虑如何提高成本竞争力，”韦毅表示。
Various types of financial constraints are another major challenge, because the CEO(and the rest of the family members involved in the business) may direct their energies toward solving such a pressing issue, rather than planning for the succession.
各种财务限制是另一个重大挑战，因为CEO（以及参与企业经营的其他家庭成员）可能会把精力集中在解决这一紧迫问题上，而不是规划接班。
Smart charging is necessary to ease grid constraints," he said.
“智能充电对于缓解电网约束是必要的，”他说。
According to Zhu, Rio Tinto's iron ore shipments increased 3 percent year-on-year in the first half of this year, driven by strong demand from China and constraints on seaborne supply.
朱表示，力拓今年上半年的铁矿石发货量同比增长3%，得益于中国需求强劲以及海运供应受限。
"Based on the amount of funding and liquidity available being able to adapt to the new norms and also the new constraints faced by business, a lot of companies that were previously using fresh capital to expand into new markets to launch new products will need to adapt to changes in the business environment," Tang said.
In Q1, we helped companies focus on immediate acceleration of recovery by managing supply-side constraints in the form of labor, material and logistics.
Our raw materials could also not arrive due to various significant constraints," Gao said.
Apple Inc's decision to limit iPhone purchases from its online stores in China is an indication of the supply chain constraints being faced by the US tech giant, as the novel coronavirus outbreak has disrupted normal operations at upstream suppliers and electronic component manufacturers, experts said.
5G constraints on Chinese giant viewed as addressing security concerns of USThe United Kingdom executed the final and most consequential move in a yearslong balancing act on Tuesday morning, when it announced that Huawei would not be banned from building infrastructure for the country's 5G telecommunications network.
Currently, "unsound training systems for helicopter pilots, technicians and maintenance engineers, constraints in infrastructure and low altitude air space .
He believes that China will become a global power in pharmaceutical innovation in the next five years, despite constraints like the relatively weak basic scientific research in molecular science, and the shortage of physician scientists.
Zhao Jian, a professor at Beijing Jiaotong University, said such steps were necessary to ease the financing constraints in railway construction.
Credit constraints have affected many companies and added debt default risks, which could also increase unemployment in a slowing economy, analysts said.
Aiming to alleviate credit supply constraints and reduce default risks, equity finance "supporting instruments" will be promoted for private and small companies this year, according to the central bank.
Industry insiders said constraints relating to space, time and money are concerns for students, parents and teachers alike.
But the vehicle does have some constraints, such as being confined to a certain geographical area.
"China should select central SOE leaders on the basis of both integrity and ability, with priority given to integrity, be both strict with and caring for them, and place equal emphasis on providing incentives and imposing constraints," according to a statement released after the meeting.
It is critical to address the country's capacity bottlenecks and logistics constraints to ensure LNG supply, including pipelines, storage facilities and transportation networks, he said.
The CEO also laid out several constraints he faces when running Tesla as a public company.
"The fully electric large commercial aircraft is not feasible with the constraints of today's energy storage technologies.
He Jingtong, a professor of trade at Nankai University in Tianjin, said Sinochem's moves are helpful to secure ownership of more industrial and energy companies overseas, and further cast off the constraints on domestic production and dependence on imports, especially for high-end chemical and petrifaction technologies and products.
The company said supply constraints for key components in the sector, as well as cost increases, would continue to bring short-term challenges in its business environment.
"Importantly, the sale will allow the government to set aside earnings to repay its upcoming debt maturities and reduce its external debt, a key constraint on Sri Lanka's credit quality," it added.
Many Chinese companies in Latin America believe there are still great challenges for them to do business in the continent, due to its long distance, disparate standards, limited policy support and financial constraints.
Therefore, alongside monitoring the narrow deficit ratio, attention must be paid to the constraints posed by the broad deficit ratio, which may to some extent limit the space for fiscal policies to drive economic growth.
Through advanced technologies like 3D modeling, AI panoramas, GPS positioning, and GIS systems, local government also aims to break the constraints of traditional investment practices.
Long-term constraints on the global economy include structural contradictions and huge levels of government debt, which make it challenging to escape from high volatility and low growth.
长期制约全球经济的因素包括结构性矛盾以及庞大的政府债务，这使得全球经济难以摆脱高波动性和低增长的局面。
As constraints from insufficient domestic demand are still prominent, it is imperative to enhance demand-side management in the coming year and ensure that consumption, investment and exports — the three main drivers of growth in China — play their parts in powering the economy, the Office of the Central Commission for Financial and Economic Affairs said.
The China-aided New Gwadar International Airport is a monumental blessing for the region, as it will drastically reduce travel constraints and promises increased economic activity and opportunities, Notezai noted.
The World Bank also pointed out the structural constraints to growth, including high debt levels, an aging population and slower productivity growth than in the past.
However, China's economic outlook is clouded by continued weakness in the real estate sector and tepid global demand in the short term, as well as structural constraints to growth, including high debt levels and population aging.
Yu, who used to serve on the Monetary Policy Committee of the People's Bank of China, the country's central bank, added that the scope for interest rate cuts at this moment may be limited due to various constraints, including US-China interest rate spreads and the falling interest revenues of commercial banks.
The best solution may be to adjust income distribution and direct more income from the corporate sector to the consumer sector, thereby relaxing constraints on consumers' purchasing power and increasing consumption.
This is not the optimal choice, but it is the optimal one under the constraints of the income distribution structure, which will bring about an economic situation that is far better than the third one.
Afghan pine nuts have gained a reputation for excellence, yet due to past transportation constraints, their market value remained compromised.
These constraints lead to "a loss of knowledge not only about the Chinese market, but also the complexity of dealing with business operations in foreign countries", Opromolla said.
It will also help advance China's construction of a unified market by overcoming geographical constraints and lowering trading costs.
In Japan, asset bubble bursts resulted from market speculation under hard constraint from balance sheets.
As a result, the soft constraints on financial balances have fueled and inflated the bubble.
State-owned financial institutions and capital markets also provide loans, bond issuances and debt purchases to local governments and enterprises, thus benefiting them from soft constraints on balance sheets due to factors such as government endorsement and high interest rates offered by the real estate market.
As a result, they are unable to utilize financing methods such as mortgages, investments and equity sharing, leading to inherent liquidity constraints within the system.
Lastly, Japan has gradually established a relatively comprehensive modern fiscal system, characterized by strict institutional design and supervisory constraints in terms of government revenue sources, deficits, borrowing, debt repayment, risk control, expenditure programs and administrative cost efficiency.
In contrast, China's fiscal system exhibits varying degrees of soft constraints, inefficiencies and structural imbalances.
The association has, however, cautioned about challenges facing the SMEs, including the high corporate costs and rising financial constraints, calling for further expanding effective demand and improving the business environment.
Further measures will be employed to optimize fundamental systems of the market economy, including protection of property rights, market access, fair competition and social credit, and to improve the incentive, constraint and evaluation mechanisms.
Further measures will be employed to optimize property rights protection; market access; fair competition; social credit and other fundamental systems of the market economy; and improve the incentive, constraint and evaluation mechanism, so as to fine tune relevant institutional mechanisms for building a unified domestic market.
This may be related to improvements in microeconomic sectors after the natural gas supply constraint was moderated.
"Inflation is unlikely to become a policy constraint in China, giving plenty of room for the government to step up policy support in terms of boosting domestic demand and spurring consumption," said Wen Bin, chief economist at China Minsheng Bank.
Meanwhile, supply constraints eased as suppliers' delivery time shortened while overall input cost inflation softened.
But, displaying resilience and imagination, they are defying physical realm constraints and even chartering flights to travel to all parts of the globe, in order to attend trade shows, build rapport with overseas buyers, retain existing clients and win new business orders.
"The Chinese economy should be able to recover strongly in 2023, with the removal of the hard constraint imposed by the previous COVID-19 policy.
Experts said China's inflation is unlikely to become a major policy constraint in China, while many advanced economies have been tightening policies to curb rising prices.
Under atypical shocks, the effects of physical constraints like the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and climate change may exceed the regulatory capacity of market mechanisms, and even if prices rise, supply increases more slowly than during normal economic cycles.
First, such move will skip over obstacles of industrial chain transmission; second, consumption is relatively less affected by expectations; third, promoting consumption, which faces fewer physical constraints by COVID-19, will help the market to boost effective demand more efficiently.
Local governments can only "do their best" within the constraints of the existing system and financial resources.
But at the same time, fiscal constraints imposed by unconventional additional support from policy, possible financial risks, and the possible long-term backlash should be closely monitored.
Barring further policy announcements, fiscal policy might soon hit its annual budget constraints and debt ceilings, Xiong said.
With further reforms planned to overcome the constraints in these sectors, the country will be able to achieve both short and longer-term development goals, Liu said, adding a GDP growth target of 5.5 percent for the second half is worthy of consideration.
The 752-kilometer transnational railway is expected to reduce the overall supply chain constraints by developing a system of transportation that fits the global standard for products such as fruits and vegetables, cold and chilled meat and live animals, which will eventually benefit millions of growers and herders, the statement quoted Zenebe as saying.
Constraints mainly come from domestic and overseas market demands, he explained.
Amid labor shortages and logistical constraints caused by the COVID-19 pandemic that have severely disrupted regional and global supply chains, and given rising protectionism is also challenging economic globalization, they said BRICS countries have helped maintain open, resilient, transparent, trustworthy and stable global and regional industrial and supply chains.
The report, as part of China's efforts to implement the Global Development Initiative it proposed in September 2021, said developing economies have favorable conditions for industrialization brought by digital transformation and green growth, but also grapple with the impediments of shifts in production factors, tightening environmental constraints and a changing global industrial landscape.
Digital capabilities of new entity companies will help small businesses to break through constraints concerning capital, technologies and talents, thus improving supply quality and promoting consumption upgrade, said Zhao Ping, vice president of the Academy of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade.
"But we don't expect additional cuts as the policy divergence with the US and renminbi weakness will act as constraints," Wu added.
As external demand weakens and supply-side constraints persist, the current account surplus is projected to narrow to 1.3 percent of GDP in 2022.
Noting that small businesses, like many vendors on e-commerce platforms, are the main targets of supportive policies, Zhao Ping, vice president of the Academy of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, said these platforms can help free them from constraints in the financing, technology, marketing and human resources by offering digital solutions.
At the Future of Globalization session, Tarek Sultan, chief executive officer and vice-chairman of supply chain company Agility, said there is a "severe constraint at the level of the supply chain, and part of that is the result of how globalized the supply chain and the economy has become".
What we are only talking about here is some regionalization of the supply chain, essentially out of newly identified constraints, which is a lack of reliability of global transport," Tassel said.
"This has added to the constraints of fiscal revenue growth.
While stressing that capital is a major factor of production in the socialist market economy, Xi said one must be well aware that profit-seeking, as capital's intrinsic nature, must be subject to regulation and constraints.
As of today, the company's largest site worldwide is running at a high capacity and is gradually recovering from recent weeks when logistics constraints hampered production, according to Holly Lei, Covestro senior vice-president and president of Covestro China.
Third, Western sanctions and Russia's countermeasures are both imposing more restrictions on the repayment of foreign currency debt, so the possibility of default due to artificial constraints is greater.
"It will break through time and space constraints, helping exhibitors and buyers achieve 24-hour negotiations, with lower costs and higher efficiency," Shu said.
Therefore, we hereby suggest appropriately increasing transfer payments from the central government to local governments impacted by COVID-19, or those having financial constraints, to help them develop local infrastructure projects in accordance with their actual needs, and accelerate the allocation of financial transfer payment funds.
- China will adopt multiple measures to reinforce foreign trade supply chains to cope with raw material price hikes and supply constraints, the Ministry of Commerce (MOC) said on Thursday.
Louis Kuijs, head of Asia Economics at British think tank Oxford Economics, said in a research note that while China's exports will continue to be underpinned by the ongoing global economic recovery and an easing of supply constraints, foreign demand for its goods is slowing, and foreign spending will likely shift more to services throughout the year.
China has exerted strenuous efforts to offset the negative impact of factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the global economic recession and the constraints of supply chains, to promote joint implementation of the agreement since the deal took effect, Shu said at an online media briefing.
All in all, tightening monetary policies in the US may result in many constraints which may refrain China from adopting relaxed monetary policies.
Since the trade agreement between China and United States took effect, China has exerted strenuous efforts to offset negative impact from factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the global economic recession, and the constraint of supply chain, to promote joint implementation of the agreement by the two sides, he told an online media briefing.
The producer price index－a key gauge of inflation－may peak this year and decline to around 3 percent in 2022, amid a high base effect and easing supply constraints, the report said.
The core inflation is projected to increase steadily thanks to the firming of consumer spending, while the PPI inflation may peak this year and decline to around 3 percent in 2022, amid a high base effect and easing supply constraints, the report said.
Louis Kuijs, head of Asia Economics of Oxford Economics, a think tank, said he expects global and domestic supply constraints, as well as global commodity prices, to ease in the future.
Per the report, the continuous improvement of digital infrastructure will effectively resolve the two major constraints affecting cross-border trade in logistics and payments.
Despite the overall stability, the NBS said the international environment is increasingly complex and there remain many constraints for the domestic economy.
""The United States seems to want to use its foreign economic policy, including trade, as a diplomatic weapon, hence its refusal of WTO constraints," he said.
The meeting also decided that the newly-added renewable energy and energy used as raw materials would be excluded from the cap on total energy consumption, calling for an early shift from controlling energy consumption amount and intensity to controlling the amount and intensity of carbon emissions, as well as an early establishment of an incentive and constraint mechanism for pollution control and carbon reduction.