Eric felt
constraint in her presence.
埃里克在她面前显得很拘束。
Mary tried to appear friendly, but her
constraint was obvious.
玛丽尽力显得友好，可是显然很拘束。
Tom sat down, at first, with some
constraint and awkwardness.
汤姆刚入座时还感到有点拘束和别扭。
The project must be completed within a year, due to a tight time
constraint.
由于时间限制，项目必须在一年内完成。
Budget
constraints have forced the company to reduce its marketing expenses.
预算限制迫使公司减少了营销开支。
The new policy aims to ease traffic congestion by imposing
constraints on vehicle use in the city center.
新政策旨在通过限制市中心的车辆使用来缓解交通拥堵。
Due to resource
constraints, we had to prioritize which features to include in the software update.
由于资源有限，我们不得不优先考虑在软件更新中包含哪些功能。
The designer worked creatively within the physical
constraints of the small apartment space.
设计师在小公寓空间的物理限制下创造性地工作。
There are legal
constraints that prevent the government from accessing citizens' private data without a warrant.
有法律规定限制政府在没有授权的情况下访问公民的私人数据。
The experiment was conducted under strict ethical
constraints to ensure no harm came to the participants.
实验在严格的道德约束下进行，确保不会对参与者造成伤害。
Financial
constraints often hinder start-ups from investing heavily in research and development.
财务限制常常阻碍初创企业大量投资于研发。
The school operates under the
constraint that it must maintain a certain student-teacher ratio.
学校必须遵守保持特定师生比例的限制条件来运作。
Environmental
constraints, such as protecting wildlife habitats, guided the route selection for the new highway.
环境限制因素，如保护野生动物栖息地，指导了新高速公路路线的选择。
For instance, after realizing that logistics was a constraint for business expansion, he set up Transfar Logistics in 2003 to quicken the transport of goods, which helped manufacturing firms lower costs and increase efficiency.
例如，在意识到物流是业务扩张的制约因素后，他于2003年成立了Transfar物流公司，以加快货物运输，这有助于制造企业降低成本，提高效率。
Meanwhile, as an operator in China, EDF also needs to consider how to improve cost competitiveness under the constraint of work safety," Wei said.
同时，作为在中国的运营商，EDF还需要在确保工作安全的同时，考虑如何提高成本竞争力，”韦毅表示。
"Importantly, the sale will allow the government to set aside earnings to repay its upcoming debt maturities and reduce its external debt, a key constraint on Sri Lanka's credit quality," it added.
In Japan, asset bubble bursts resulted from market speculation under hard constraint from balance sheets.
Further measures will be employed to optimize fundamental systems of the market economy, including protection of property rights, market access, fair competition and social credit, and to improve the incentive, constraint and evaluation mechanisms.
Further measures will be employed to optimize property rights protection; market access; fair competition; social credit and other fundamental systems of the market economy; and improve the incentive, constraint and evaluation mechanism, so as to fine tune relevant institutional mechanisms for building a unified domestic market.
This may be related to improvements in microeconomic sectors after the natural gas supply constraint was moderated.
"Inflation is unlikely to become a policy constraint in China, giving plenty of room for the government to step up policy support in terms of boosting domestic demand and spurring consumption," said Wen Bin, chief economist at China Minsheng Bank.
"The Chinese economy should be able to recover strongly in 2023, with the removal of the hard constraint imposed by the previous COVID-19 policy.
Experts said China's inflation is unlikely to become a major policy constraint in China, while many advanced economies have been tightening policies to curb rising prices.
At the Future of Globalization session, Tarek Sultan, chief executive officer and vice-chairman of supply chain company Agility, said there is a "severe constraint at the level of the supply chain, and part of that is the result of how globalized the supply chain and the economy has become".
Since the trade agreement between China and United States took effect, China has exerted strenuous efforts to offset negative impact from factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the global economic recession, and the constraint of supply chain, to promote joint implementation of the agreement by the two sides, he told an online media briefing.
The meeting also decided that the newly-added renewable energy and energy used as raw materials would be excluded from the cap on total energy consumption, calling for an early shift from controlling energy consumption amount and intensity to controlling the amount and intensity of carbon emissions, as well as an early establishment of an incentive and constraint mechanism for pollution control and carbon reduction.
Under such circumstances, the element of climate change places an additional constraint on the catch-up process of latecomers.
However, under the constraint that the growth rate of fiscal budgetary expenditure in the whole year is set at 1.8 percent, and the tightening of supervision on local governments' implicit debt growth, moderate infrastructure investment may be a trend in the long run, Zhang said.
A country with a population of over 500 million must have everything in terms of industry chain, otherwise all comparative advantages and hypotheses will be overturned in case changes happen in constraint conditions including political conditions, said Pu Jian, vice-president of CITIC Foundation for Reform and Development Studies.
This will make sure that all risks are fully priced in so that the carbon price plays a better role of serving either as an incentive or a constraint," Yi said.
这句话的中文翻译是："这将确保所有风险都被充分定价，从而使得碳价格能够更好地发挥其作为激励或约束机制的作用，"易行长如是说。
"This will serve to alleviate the constraint of China's automobile logistics relying on Japanese, South Korean and Norwegian shipping companies," said Xu, adding that his company is currently developing ships capable of carrying over 10,000 vehicles.
In response to this constraint, WeRide quickly developed a thermal management system, which can effectively perform heat recovery and cold emission management, Luo said.
However, the process of carbon neutrality means high-quality development under the constraint of carbon reduction and low carbon, rather than suspension of development, as social and economic development will still require growing demand for petrochemical products, said Li.
The annual economic conference last week also decided that renewable energy and energy used as raw materials would be excluded from the cap on total energy consumption, and called for an early shift from controlling energy consumption volume and intensity to controlling the amount and intensity of carbon emissions, as well as an early establishment of an incentive and constraint mechanism for pollution control and carbon reduction.
With a supply constraint on photovoltaic raw materials and soaring product prices, which have slowed the development of new solar projects during the first half, solar power installations reached only about 13 GW in the first six months, a 12.9 percent increase compared to the first half of 2020 when China installed 11.52 GW.
由于光伏原材料供应受限且产品价格飙升，导致上半年新建太阳能项目进展放缓，期内太阳能装机量仅约13吉瓦，较2020年上半年安装的11.52吉瓦增长12.9%。
This has led to massive increases in land prices, putting a constraint on the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta.
这导致了土地价格大幅上涨，对长江三角洲一体化发展构成了制约。
Similarly, although Chinese people's income growth may be affected due to COVID-19, we don't think it would constitute an obvious constraint on real estate sales.
Shared difficulty is another critical constraint for the widespread adoption and commercial success of swapping stations.
First, inflation does not yet pose a constraint to monetary policy.
In this way, it is more difficult for the exchange rate to become a constraint on China's monetary policy.
This can be considered a possible constraint for further RRR cuts in 2023.
Currently, the RMB exchange rate is relatively strong, and the temporary inversion of treasury bond yields between China and the US will neither cause capital outflow and exchange rate risks nor exert a significant constraint on China's monetary policy.
Inflation concerns will not be a constraint for maintaining money and credit support to the real economy, as it is mostly centered on the production sector due to higher commodity prices, which is not a long-term concern, experts said.
Wen Bin, chief analyst with China Minsheng Bank, said the changes indicated that inflation pressure is no longer a constraint on monetary policy formulation as consumer prices are likely to drop further.
It is also a constraint for some of the businesses of traditional banks.
On the one hand, funding cost is not the main constraint to domestic demand.
For example, a much lower interest rate will mitigate the debt service burden and hence weaken the incentive to address the soft budget constraint for State-owned enterprises and local government entities, which is key to resolving China's debt concern in the long run.
Second, financial market reform and monetary policy reform must be advanced simultaneously with the reform in real economy, most importantly SOE reform and fiscal reform to remove the soft budget constraint and ensure their operations are truly market-oriented and competition is fair and rule-based.
"On the one hand, funding cost is not the main constraint to domestic demand.
But this constraint should weaken gradually, according to Lynda Zhou, equity portfolio manager at Fidelity International.
"Creditor committees have been running under the mechanisms of information sharing, collective meeting, concerted action, unified credit granting, joint prevention of risk and behavior constraint," he said.
Zhang said that high leverage risks in the SOEs and local governments were due to the outdated system, including soft budget constraint and debt bailout from the central government.
"Moving more boldly ahead to integrate China's financial system with global markets would reduce the risk of excess domestic liquidity and relax the constraint of the so-called 'impossible trinity'－that is, simultaneously seeking to control monetary policy, exchange rates, and capital movement," he said.
However, she cautioned that the pressure to capitalize is likely to be a constraint on Chinese banks' ability to accelerate lending in the next few years.
"The shrinkage of the current account surplus will be a constraint on the policy stance with regard to capital opening in general and financial outflows in particular," said Louis Kuijs, head of Asia Economics at Oxford Economics.
The business environment has become a constraint on regional economic growth, with developed regions such as Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces having a better such environment, said Zhu Lijia, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Governance.
The country should complete the corporate governance structure of financial enterprises and strengthen the liability constraint of SOEs, he added.
As debt remains a significant constraint on local government efforts to stabilize growth, finding effective solutions to the debt burden remains high on the central and local governments' work agendas, said Wen Bin, chief economist at China Minsheng Bank.
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