Parents constrain their children to do something they like.
父母强迫孩子做他们喜欢的事。
She tried to constrain herself from a cough.
她竭力忍住咳嗽。
She feels
constrained to accept it.
她不得不接受。
Hunger
constrained him to eat.
饥饿迫使他进食。
The budget constraints forced us to make some tough decisions about which projects to prioritize.
预算限制迫使我们必须艰难决定优先进行哪些项目。
The company imposed strict constraints on the amount of overtime its employees could work.
公司对员工加班时间实施了严格的限制。
She was
constrained by her social upbringing not to express her opinions openly.
她受社会教养的约束，不能公开表达自己的观点。
The project manager had to constrain his team's creativity within the given parameters.
项目经理必须在给定的范围内约束团队的创新性。
His physical limitations
constrained his ability to participate in sports.
他的身体条件限制了他参与体育活动的能力。
The contract imposed strict constraints on the suppliers regarding quality control.
合同对供应商的质量控制有严格的规定。
The government has been trying to constrain inflation to keep prices stable.
政府试图控制通货膨胀以保持价格稳定。
The scientist had to constrain her enthusiasm for the project to avoid rushing the research.
科学家不得不抑制对项目的热情，以免急于求成。
They were
constrained by time and resources when planning the event.
他们在规划活动时受到了时间和资源的限制。
The dress code at the party
constrained her choice of clothing.
聚会的着装规定限制了她的服装选择。
Boeing said it is disappointing that geopolitical differences continue to constrain US aircraft exports, and it called for productive dialogue between the US and China.
波音公司表示，令人失望的是，地缘政治分歧继续限制美国飞机出口，并呼吁美中之间进行富有成效的对话。
Local governments need to choose more market-oriented methods like carbon tax and carbon trading, instead of administrative interventions, to foster structural reforms and avoid too sharp a decline in energy supply that could constrain production activities, said Wang, who is also a member of the central bank's monetary policy committee.
同时也是央行货币政策委员会成员的王表示，地方政府需要选择更市场化的方法，如碳税和碳交易，而不是行政干预，以促进结构改革，避免能源供应急剧下降，从而限制生产活动。
The company attributed the estimated profit growth to the improved situation of the epidemic globally, the rise of oil prices and growing domestic demand as China has constrained the epidemic and sees recovery in its economy.
该公司将利润增长的预期归因于全球疫情形势的好转、油价上涨以及中国国内需求的增长。由于中国成功控制住了疫情，经济正在复苏。这里对原文进行了适当调整以更符合中文表达习惯。
Growth in global milk supply seems muted and the global supply of whole milk powder is looking constrained.
全球牛奶供应的增长似乎较为疲软，全脂奶粉的全球供应也显得紧张。
While physical retail is currently constrained by the outbreak, Oppo and Vodafone are developing online sales channels to ensure continued support for customers.
Yu said there is still a growth potential of travel demand, and it has been constrained by the pandemic temporarily.
Condom production requires special equipment and technology, he said, adding that constrained by technology, South Africa had no modern condom factory before.
"A number of SMEs in southern China were vibrant but they were constrained by a shortage of funds.
China's deleveraging and risk reduction campaign showed initial signs of success in 2018, but it also constrained small and private businesses from finding credit in the less-regulated shadow banking sector.
They added that Chinese leaders want to contribute their ideas but can feel constrained by global, top-down decision-making.
Non-bank lenders have stepped in when banks are constrained by Dodd-Frank rules.
We hope that the reform efforts of the 13th Five-Year Plan, as well as the awareness of the economic headwinds and the need to upgrade environmental standards, will lead to a faster opening-up of the economy, deregulating areas where foreign business is currently constrained.
"If they feel they're constrained, they can't give their best.
This means deregulating areas where foreign businesses are constrained.
If the US and China can achieve a few tangible wins early for both US and Chinese economies, they can then "focus on the longer-term structural impediments that artificially constrain more trade cooperation. "
It is very flexible, rather than building strict structures and protocols that constrain cooperation," Kavanagh said.
"This year, China's private sector will be less constrained and is expected to receive more encouragement and support from authorities.
In an annual report, Rabobank, the Dutch bank specializing in comprehensive banking services for food and agricultural sectors, said that demand for farm products will remain low in 2024 due to economic problems, including high inflation and high interest rates, and will be further constrained by the slow development of the global economy.
These measures not only obstruct China's access to the technology, equipment, talent and financing required for high-tech products, but also constrain the space for survival for Chinese technology companies.
Unlike industrialized countries like the United States that face a lack of large-scale investment opportunities and relatively insufficient investment — which have combined to constrain productivity growth — China still provides abundant potential investment opportunities.
"More efforts will also be made to improve the consumption environment, remove barriers that may constrain consumption, build international consumption center cities, reduce purchase restrictions to boost automotive consumption and encourage offline consumption, traditional consumption and new types of consumption.
Within consumption, sectors that have been most constrained by COVID such as travel and entertainment have the most room to recover.
在消费领域中，受COVID限制影响最大的行业，如旅游和娱乐业，具有最大的恢复空间。
In recent years, constrained supplies from these sectors have instead become the focus of market attention.
However, after the domestic economy recovers to a certain level, it may reach a new balance point, which will constrain further upwards momentum to a certain extent, Guo said.
Constrained by a limited local market, Vietnam plays more of a role as a processing and transshipment hub in the global electronics industrial chain, and its products are exported to North America, Europe and other regions.
Wen Bin, chief analyst at China Minsheng Bank, expected to see falls in factory-gate price inflation due to the high-base effect from the previous year, saying that overall inflation is expected to remain controllable, which means policymakers will feel less constrained to step up policy support on the monetary front.
Wen Bin, chief researcher at China Minsheng Bank, said that domestic inflation is likely to remain mild and unlikely to constrain the country's monetary policy, which means that policymakers will intensify policy support and roll out supportive measures ahead of schedule to ensure the economy operates within a reasonable range.
To sustain financial stability and constrain risks especially in the real estate sector, the PBOC's monetary policy committee vowed to take measures to "safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of home buyers, better meet their reasonable demands, and promote the healthy development and virtuous cycle of the real estate market", the statement said.
In terms of investment, regulatory policies might have constrained real estate and infrastructure investment.
In the real estate market, the policy of "Three Red Lines" to control loans for property developers and mortgages has constrained some trading.
The distortion of high producer prices and falling consumer prices could put policymakers in a difficult situation as high factory inflation could constrain the government from using strong stimulus policies to spur growth and boost domestic demand.
Zhu said that high commodity prices and unsmooth operations of supply chains have constrained the continuous improvement of the companies' profitability.
Sporadic COVID infections have constrained the recovery of consumer markets and consumer services.
With these negative shocks to supplies, stagflation may make the US monetary policy space even more constrained.
"It also means that going forward, monetary policy will enjoy more room for maneuvering instead of being too constrained by price targets," he said.
But other increases had the imprint of deepening bottlenecks－most notably, used car prices were up sharply as the chip shortage constrained new car production and pushed up used-car demand.
The aging population would constrain residents' consumption and raise deposits, which will curb inflation, while the green growth pattern, which can change production activity and people's lifestyles, will cap carbon emissions and boost the costs of using high-carbon energy, Yi said.
These include insufficient motivation and inconvenient practice for investors, which constrained the growth pace of the business.
Shorter supply and constrained global transportation capacity, a global economic recovery and sufficient liquidity globally combined have caused global commodity price soaring.
The premier stressed the significance of removing unreasonable barriers that constrain business growth with reforms to streamline administration and bolster compliance oversight and services, saying that administrative services should be enhanced to create more market players.
"But as the foundation of domestic economic recovery is not solid and inflation is unlikely to constrain policies, the monetary policy should not be tightened in the short term," said Shen Jianguang, chief economist at JD Digits, the digital technology subsidiary of JD.
With the swift economic recovery that has returned to the pre-pandemic level, policymakers may turn their attention to controlling potential risks, especially to rein in property sector bubbles and constrain the rise of government debt, analysts said.
If so, the economic downside pressure will resurge in the early months this year, reflected by constrained retail and traveling.
Spending habits will differ between constrained consumers who have been financially impacted by the pandemic and insulated consumers who have been shielded from financial impact, according to the report.
"Constrained consumers will gravitate toward economic pack sizes, attractive promotions and deals, while insulated consumers may choose to indulge even more in anticipation of a more positive Year of the Ox, thus seeking more premium items," said Didem Sekerel Erdogan, senior vice-president of intelligent analytics of Eastern Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia Pacific of NielsenIQ.
The country's consumer market has gradually recovered from the effects of COVID-19, with the growth in retail sales recovering to 4.6 percent year-on-year in the fourth quarter, versus 0.9 percent in the third quarter, even as local COVID-19 cases constrained consumption in December, according to the NBS.
While the global economy remains constrained by the pandemic, China has demonstrated its unparalleled advantages, which have created opportunities for the country's VC and PE market, said Li Shimo, founder of Shanghai-based Chengwei Capital.
Meanwhile, the nation is expected to retain stringent restrictions on housing market speculation in line with the demand-side reform, as bigger property bubbles would constrain household spending, said Li Qilin, chief economist at Hongta Securities.
The country's full-year FAI growth in 2021 may be constrained by the special bond quota, which has yet to be announced, it added.
However, we believe sporadic local outbreaks remain a risk, as the rest of the world is still tackling the pandemic, which should constrain the pace of recovery in the services sector, especially the catering, hotel and passenger transport industries," Lu said.
Insufficient innovation capability, shortage of high-end product supply, volatile raw material prices and rising labor costs have also not been fundamentally resolved, which has constrained the industry's development, Liu said.
Tenant relocation demands were constrained by low budgets.
In the past year, sales of US semiconductor equipment companies in the Chinese market have been constrained by the US government and suffered heavy losses," Wei said.
More efforts are also expected to encourage and constrain the coal output and transmission volume in relevant provinces and regions, Ren said.
In August 2020, China unveiled the "three red lines" to constrain property developers' debt according to three balance sheet metrics, said Ma Hong, senior research fellow at the Zhixin Investment Research Institute.
Beijing unveiled the "three red lines" in August last year to constrain property developers' debt burdens through supervising three balance sheet metrics－debt to assets, net debt to equity and cash to short-term borrowings.
去年8月，北京宣布了“三条红线”，通过监管三个资产负债表指标——资产负债率、净负债率和现金短债比，以约束房地产开发商的债务负担。
Since July, prices of private developers' bonds showed greater fluctuations as sales of homes declined over a short term and some companies reported constrained financing situations.
自7月以来，随着短期内住宅销售下滑以及部分企业出现融资紧张情况，民营开发商债券价格呈现出更大波动。
The lack of ample supply of elderly care services poses great potential for related industries, but there are still challenges－the pension level is low to constrain consumption of old people, said Dong.
董表示，老年护理服务供应不足为相关产业带来了巨大潜力，但仍然存在挑战——养老金水平较低，限制了老年人的消费能力。
Meanwhile, the copper smelting and refining sectors, which are carbon-intensive, may realize that production expansion will likely get constrained in the next decades, Li said.
李表示，同时，碳密集型的铜冶炼和精炼行业可能会意识到，未来几十年内，生产扩张可能会受到限制。
Experts said larger and developed cities and those constrained by a shortage of land for new homes will lead the growth of transactions for existing homes.
专家表示，规模较大且发展成熟的城市，以及那些因新房用地短缺而受限制的城市，将引领现有住房交易量的增长。
Xu Xiaole, chief market analyst with the Beike Real Estate Research Institute, said price rises reflect recovery of the real estate market from the constrained demand of the previous months.
Luo Zuoxian, head of the intelligence research department under the Sinopec Economics and Development Research Institute, said it is an opportune time to increase crude imports, despite the fact that these might constrain production capacity.
Shortages of workers and anti-epidemic products, as well as transport and supply chain disruptions, will constrain the growth of the machinery industry in the short term, possibly leading to a substantial decline in the industry's major economic indicators for the first quarter.
In contrast, the growth of department stores has been constrained in recent years.
"Though the services sector in Guangzhou grew steadily in 2019, the lack of new office supply constrained overall net absorption throughout the year," Fung said.
"Business confidence is still at a low level … which is an important factor that has constrained the economic rebound.
China's gas storage facilities, rather than operating independently, have long been auxiliary to the pipelines, which has substantially constrained development and is standing in the way of a more open and liberalized gas sector in the country, she said.
The lack of robot manufacturing specialists also constrained the sector's development while relevant standard certification systems need to be further optimized, it said.
He explained that in arriving at a decision, the EU regulators would analyze if CRRC's likely future expansion into Europe would constrain the merged Siemens-Alstom entity from using monopoly powers to increase price, reduce quality or reduce innovation.
Regional stress is expected to constrain the earnings of Asian refining and marketing companies in the next 12 months, bringing refiners to increase reliance on short-term financing facilities, according to Moody's Investors Service.
China is constrained by the lack of awareness of rehabilitation and the lack of rehabilitation education.
TISCO is just one of many examples proving that China's technological development cannot be constrained by external pressures, be they Siberian blizzards, foreign technological dominance in some areas or rising global protectionism.
"Wei Shaojun, a professor of integrated circuits at Tsinghua University, said sales in the past year of US semiconductor equipment companies in the Chinese market have been constrained by the US government and suffered heavy losses.
By 2026, enterprises that fail to effectively address the talent and digital skills gap in their organizations will constrain revenue growth opportunities by 20 percent.
"A virtual human is not constrained by time or space and this provides brands with a different dimension when it comes to engaging customers and selling their products.
Xu Daquan, executive vice-president of Bosch China, said in the short term, it does depend on "rushing to purchase", adding that car production this year will remain constrained by chip shortages.
Musk said factory output was constrained last year as the company focused resources on modifying vehicles and manufacturing to deal with the chip shortage and other supply-chain problems that will persist this year.
And with showrooms closed, choking factories of orders, the ability of the sector to invest further is severely constrained," he said.
"The industrial software sector urgently needs leading hard technology companies to break the status quo of being constrained by scientific and technological innovations, so as to further contribute to the country's transformation from a large manufacturing country to a strong manufacturing power," Mi said.
With the new service, Huawei wants to provide organizations with a consistent experience while using cloud-native applications that are not constrained by geographical, cross-cloud, or traffic limitations, said Xu Zhijun, rotating chairman of Huawei, at the conference.
China will strengthen its national strategic technologies next year, and step up efforts to resolve major difficulties that constrain national development and security, according to the annual tone-setting Central Economic Work Conference which was held from Dec 16 to 18.
The association warned that the ban will not only delay the deployment of 5G networks and constrain innovation potential, but also have important wider socioeconomic consequences.
In addition, the ban will not only delay the deployment of 5G networks and constrain innovation potential, but also have important wider socioeconomic consequences, said the ECTA.
Although constrained by COVID-19, some 37 key AI companies tracked by the Shanghai Commission of Commerce saw their firsthalf revenue surge 31.6 percent year-on-year.
Based on the characteristics of the financial industry, the main technical obstacles that constrain blockchain's broad use are: performance bottlenecks, privacy protection and security governance, cross-chain interoperability, system operation and maintenance as well as business continuity management.1.
The minister noted that developing economies, constrained by limited fiscal space and structural difficulties, continue to struggle to fund industrial and innovation policies.
"Foreign exchange rate fluctuations will not substantively constrain China's monetary policy adjustments," said Wang Qing, chief macroeconomic analyst at Golden Credit Rating International.
Constrained returns, primarily stemming from systemic infirmities, have frustrated many investors in the A-share market over the past few decades.
Inflation is unlikely to constrain China's monetary policy, Xing said, as the country is expected to shun huge infrastructure stimulus that would risk pushing up commodity prices, while the country's abundant labor force means that reviving consumption of services will not add too much inflationary pressure.
The year-on-year decline in new yuan-denominated loans in November was mainly attributable to a lackluster recovery in loans to households as home sales weakness continued while COVID-19 uncertainties constrained consumer spending, experts said.
As real estate infrastructure is constrained by debt, fiscal policies should give more focus to consumption and be facilitated to shore up the demand side more efficiently.
Also, land finance managed to constrain the effectiveness of fiscal spending.
The company was severely constrained by the ban as it purchased between 25 percent and 30 percent of components used in its equipment from US companies.
As for the four G-SIBs in China, they should innovate new tools under the TLAC framework to meet the standards, Wen added, saying a reliance on profits to supplement capital may constrain banks' investment and the growth of business.
The rising risk aversion of banks and weaker investment demand might have constrained the growth of new loans, said analysts, because recent headwinds－power shortages, floods in some provinces and the continued grip of the COVID-19 pandemic－might dampen economic momentum.
But, credit supply for the real estate sector will likely be constrained, Lou said.
"The leverage level may no longer be a factor to constrain credit expansion.
But experts believe that the higher PPI inflation will not be a compelling factor causing PBOC to raise interest rates or constrain credit growth.
The PBOC is unlikely to tighten policies, said Lu Ting, chief economist in China with Nomura Securities, because policy tightening may constrain real demand and potentially undermine the growth recovery.
The large-scale supportive monetary and fiscal policies adopted across economies in 2020 were unable to stop the economic downturn, as economic activities have been constrained by physical restrictions brought about by the public health crisis.