The company had to implement
curtailment of production due to the decrease in demand.
公司由于需求减少不得不实行生产缩减。
The government's policy on water usage
curtailment has helped conserve resources during the drought.
政府在干旱期间实施的用水限制政策有助于节约资源。
To reduce expenses, the organization announced a hiring freeze and salary
curtailment for top executives.
为了减少开支，该组织宣布暂停招聘并削减高层管理人员的薪资。
Power companies resort to load
curtailment during peak hours to prevent blackouts.
电力公司在高峰时段采取负荷削减措施以防止停电。
Due to budget constraints, the education department faced significant
curtailment of funding for extracurricular activities.
由于预算限制，教育部门在课外活动经费上遭遇了大幅削减。
The airline industry experienced widespread flight
curtailment as a result of the pandemic.
由于疫情的影响，航空业经历了大规模的航班缩减。
In response to the economic downturn, many businesses have had to enforce spending
curtailments across departments.
面对经济衰退，许多企业不得不在各部门实施开支削减。
The city imposed water usage
curtailments to deal with the ongoing drought situation.
为应对持续的干旱状况，该市实施了用水限制措施。
The publisher announced a
curtailment of their print edition to focus more on digital platforms.
出版商宣布减少印刷版的发行，以便更专注于数字平台。
As part of cost-saving measures, the company initiated a travel
curtailment policy for all employees.
作为节省成本措施的一部分，公司对所有员工实行了旅行限制政策。
The proportion of clean energy still accounts for a small percentage of the country's total power output, and there has already been curtailment, Yang said during a carbon emission peak and carbon neutrality forum in Yantai, Shandong province.
杨说，清洁能源在该国总电力输出中所占比例仍然较小，而且已经出现了限制使用的情况。他在山东烟台市举行的碳达峰碳中和论坛上发表了上述言论。
"To make hydrogen out of solar power will also solve the problem of curtailment due to the growing capacity for solar power," he said.
“利用太阳能来制造氢气也将解决因太阳能发电能力增长而导致的限电问题,”他说。
State Grid has made efforts to reduce overall renewable energy curtailment, by increasing the utilization of ultrahigh voltage lines, dispatching less coal power during off-peak hours, and facilitating more interprovincial power deals, said Wei Hanyang, a power market analyst at BloombergNEF.
据彭博新能源财经(BloombergNEF)的电力市场分析师魏汉阳称，国家电网已经努力通过增加特高压线路的使用、在低谷时段减少燃煤发电量以及促进更多的省间电力交易，来降低总体可再生能源弃电率。
In the future, less curtailment and higher renewable integration would require more facilitation in grid-level and even inter-grid collaboration, he said.
他指出，未来为了减少弃电并提高可再生能源的整合，需要在电网层面甚至跨电网之间进行更多的协作。
"The very high pace of growth created some unique challenges including curtailment, the funding of the subsidies and ensuring that wind power does not disrupt supply stability," he said.
Li Chuangjun, deputy director of the new energy department of the administration, said the utilization of wind power last year also improved substantially while curtailment rates eased.
The government will continuously push forward facilitation of grid connection for wind and solar power, while coming up with new mechanisms to encourage the consumption of renewable energy to further reduce the curtailment rate, he said.
Analysts said despite the substantial progress made by China on clean energy generation, it still looks tough to achieve the government's target of 5 percent or less curtailment rate by 2020.
"Primus is excited to be working with Goldwind and Etechwin to help solve the challenges represented by renewable curtailment," said Jorg Heinemann, Primus Power's chief commercial officer.
A recent Bloomberg report estimated that owners of China's wind and solar assets forewent approximately $4.7 billionxa0in potential revenue due to renewable curtailment on wind energy in 2017.
In June 2017, Qinghai province in western China recognized that energy storage can play a role in reducing curtailment and proposed new legislation that would mandate the use of energy storage systems with new wind turbine installations.
Curtailment has extracted a heavy cost from China.
Inter-provincial trading of electricity from new-energy sources increased 35.6 percent year-on-year to 49.2 billion kilowatt-hours in 2017, while the curtailment rate of wind and solar power decreased 5.3 percentage points last year.
"According to Jacobelli, some of the challenges that wind power generation currently faces include the continued high level of curtailment, addressing the funding of subsidies and ensuring that wind power does not disrupt supply stability.
"The very high pace of growth created some unique challenges, especially curtailment," he said.
Trade is win-win for any country, he said, adding the best way for China to address trade restrictions and curtailment attempts from the US and others is to maintain stability, growth and openness, through pursuing technological innovation and industrial upgrading to expand the domestic market while at the same time further opening up to the rest of the world.
China's power curtailment and winter heating season production limits have further tightened the supply of metals like aluminum and steel, she said.
According to Wei, the transmission line has not just strengthened the outbound delivery capacity of Xinjiang Power Grid, but also helped lower the curtailment rate of wind to 13.1 percent and solar to 3.5 percent during the second quarter of this year－both are 8 percent lower than the same period in 2019.
魏表示，这条输电线路不仅增强了新疆电网的外送能力，而且还帮助降低了今年第二季度的风电弃风率至13.1%，太阳能弃光率至3.5%——这两个数字都比2019年同期下降了8%。
"This has also marked a good performance of Xinjiang in terms of renewables curtailment in history.
这句话的中文翻译是："这也标志着新疆在历史上可再生能源消纳方面的良好表现。
Wei Hanyang, a power market analyst at Bloomberg New Energy Finance, said: "The flexible power grid will open up new opportunities for deregulated sales of clean power in the region while alleviating the issue of wind curtailment.
"The Zhangbei project will become another key channel for the power grid to deliver renewable energy to metropolitan areas and alleviate the issue of wind curtailment," he said.
He also said reducing curtailment and increasing utilization of renewable power, especially in the country's central and eastern areas, should be the new focus for the next phase development of renewables.
But not everyone has a mindset to embrace a high proportion of renewable energy in the energy mix, and curtailment remains a problem," said Li, who is also former head of the National Center for Climate Change Strategy Research.
The utilization rate of hydropower came in at 95.9 percent in the first three quarters, up 3.3 percentage points, while average curtailment rates of wind power and photovoltaic power dropped by 3.5 percentage points and 1 percentage point, respectively.
The nationwide competitive onshore wind allocation process is driving the reduction in government's financial support for the wind power sector, while the curtailment rate of wind power is declining, he said, adding except for Gansu and Xinjiang, the curtailment rate of wind power in most areas of China stood below 10 percent last year.
Last year, the curtailment of PV power in China was 5.5 billion kilowatts-hours, reducing 1.8 billion kilowatt-hours year-on-year, and the curtailment rate was as low as 3 percent, according to the report.
To improve the effective utilization of renewable-generated power, especially concerning the relatively high curtailment of wind and solar power in West China, Xu Xiaodong, deputy head of the China Electric Power Planning and Engineering Institute, suggested a unified power grid should be built in West China, to serve as a bridge connecting wind, solar power and hydropower, so as to better leverage on their abilities to support each other's utilization, and thus to cut curtailment.
Effective operation management measures for the optimization of renewable energy have been optimized by the country's grid operators and power companies in recent years to further ease the curtailment, or power waste, for hydropower, wind power and solar power, said Liang.
According to Li Chuangjun, deputy director of the new energy department of the administration, the renewable energy in the country is expanding with high-quality development, while the utilization of renewables last year also improved substantially, while the curtailment rates for wind, solar and hydropower eased.
With substantial progress made by China on clean energy generation, the country aims to achieve a target curtailment rate of 5 percent or less by 2020.
Li said the government will continuously push forward facilitation of grid connection for wind and solar power, while coming up with new mechanisms to encourage the consumption of renewable energy to further decrease the curtailment rate.
"He expected curtailment rates for clean energy would see a downward trend in the future.
If the curtailment problems - which refers to electricity generation that is lower than the effective power capacity due to unfavorable conditions - can be solved, renewable energy will become better able to meet the growing electricity needs, said Han.
Joseph Jacobelli, an independent energy analyst and Asia-Pacific CEO of clean energy producer Joule Power, said he believed the government's target of 5 percent curtailment rate by 2020 or sooner is achievable.
Liang said the country's grid operators and power companies have applied effective operation management measures for the optimization of renewable energy and have eased the curtailment, or power waste, for hydropower, wind power and solar power.
Joseph Jacobelli, a senior analyst of Asian utilities and infrastructure at Bloomberg Intelligence in Hong Kong, expects wind curtailment would drop again this year.
Wind curtailment refers to electricity generation that is lower than the effective power capacity due to unfavorable conditions.
By 2020, curtailment will exceed the government target of 5 percent.
"Retrofitting storage for renewable curtailment reduction remains unprofitable.
Solar power wasted in 2018 reached 5.49 billion kWh, and the curtailment rate was 3 percent, down by 2.8 percentage points, it said.
The capacity amounted to over 9 percent of the country's power generation capacity in 2018, and curtailment of photovoltaic power generation declined to 5 percent from over 10 percent in 2015, it said.
Thus there are times when renewable energy is available but not used by the grid－known as curtailment.
He said the model is worth promoting to other regions that have similar air pollution problems stemming from coal consumption but are rich in renewable energies, and face curtailment issues, such as to Gansu province which has a large amount of installed wind power capacity.
Wind power wasted totaled 27.7 billion kWh, and the curtailment rate dropped 5 percentage points to 7 percent.
Solar power wasted in 2018 reached 5.49 billion kWh, and the curtailment rate was 3 percent, down by 2.8 percentage points.
"Ever since the government introduced guidelines on renewable energy consumption, large electricity companies such as the State Grid Corp, the China Southern Power Grid, and the Inner Mongolia Power (Group) Co Ltd, have been continuously improving system adjustment capabilities, and optimizing operations, so that the utilization rate of renewable energy grew significantly, and the situation of hydropower, wind power and power curtailment has eased to a large extent," Li said.
The capacity amounted to over 9 percent of the country's power generation capacity in 2018, and curtailment of PV power generation declined to 5 percent from over 10 percent in 2015, according to the association.
A spokesperson of the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission said on Tuesday that some of the key tasks for this year include cautious disposal of some high-risk institutions and nonperforming loans, and further curtailment of the shadow banking business.
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