n.微生物学

原形：microbiology复数：microbiologists

Microorganisms are the foundation of the biological world, playing essential roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling.
微生物是生物世界的基础，它们在分解和营养循环中发挥关键作用。
Bacteria can be both beneficial and harmful to humans, depending on their species and the conditions they inhabit.
细菌对人类既可以是有益的，也可以是有害的，这取决于它们的种类和生存环境。
Antibiotics target specific bacterial cells, inhibiting their growth or killing them to treat infections.
抗生素专门针对特定的细菌细胞，抑制其生长或杀死它们以治疗感染。
The study of virology focuses on viruses, which are obligate intracellular parasites that cannot reproduce outside host cells.
病毒学研究专注于病毒，这些是必须寄生在宿主细胞内的严格细胞内寄生者，无法单独繁殖。
Fungi exhibit a remarkable diversity in their ecological roles, from decomposers to symbionts with plants and animals.
真菌在生态角色上表现出极大的多样性，从分解者到与植物和动物共生。
Mycoplasma is a type of microbe that lacks a cell wall, making it unique among bacteria and a challenge for diagnostic tests.
支原体是一种没有细胞壁的微生物，这使得它在细菌中独具一格，也给诊断带来了挑战。
Prions are infectious agents composed of misfolded proteins, causing diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob in humans and mad cow disease in animals.
朊病毒是由错误折叠的蛋白质构成的传染性因子，可引发如克雅氏症的人类疾病和疯牛病的动物疾病。
The immune system's microbicidal mechanisms include phagocytosis, where immune cells engulf and destroy invading pathogens.
免疫系统的抗菌机制包括吞噬作用，即免疫细胞吞食并消灭入侵病原体。
Endosymbiosis, a mutualistic relationship between bacteria and eukaryotic cells, led to the evolution of photosynthesis in early eukaryotes.
内共生，即细菌与真核细胞之间的互利共生关系，推动了早期真核生物光合作用的进化。
Microbiome research investigates the complex communities of microorganisms living in and on our bodies, influencing our health and susceptibility to diseases.
微生物组研究关注生活在我们体内和体表的复杂微生物群落，这些群落影响我们的健康和疾病易感性。