四级After tough workout or a day full of physical activity, it's common to find your muscles aching, but where do these pains come from?

经过艰苦的锻炼或一天的体力活动后，你的肌肉酸痛是很常见的，但这些疼痛是从哪里来的呢？

2019年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

六级The actor type works better in tough negotiations

演员类型在艰难的谈判中更有效

2012年12月听力原文

六级Psychologists are finding that hope plays a surprisingly vital role in giving people a measurable advantage in rounds as diverse as academic achievement, bearing up in tough jobs, and coping with tragic illness.

心理学家们发现，希望在让人们在学业成就、艰难工作和应对悲剧性疾病等诸多方面获得可衡量的优势方面发挥着令人惊讶的重要作用。

2010年12月听力原文

考研The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.

这些资深医生支持这些激进的举措，特别是呼吁使用过去十年来针对吸烟采取的一些强硬策略，食品行业将对此感到震惊。

2011年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

四级These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.

这些发现与你对进化论的期望是一致的：那些喜欢交朋友和帮助别人的人可以收集足够的资源来度过艰难时期。

2016年6月阅读原文

考研Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly.

想想把15个人聚在一起有多困难，更不用说50个人了，他们都相处得很好。

2020年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级Because children's brain and behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social and genetic factors, it's tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid 33 statistical evidence, which is what the EPA re

由于儿童的大脑和行为障碍，如多动症和低年级，也可能与社会和遗传因素有关，因此很难用可靠的33项统计证据将其与接触特定化学物质联系起来，这正是美国环保署所做的

2015年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

考研Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”.

他在2012年写道，研究人员应该提高他们的标准，但期刊也应该采取更强硬的路线，“让具备统计知识的审稿人和能够验证过程的编辑参与进来”。

2015年考研阅读原文

考研Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, "engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process".

他在2012年写道，研究人员应该提高他们的标准，但期刊也应该采取更强硬的路线，“让具备统计知识的审稿人和能够验证过程的编辑参与进来”。

2015年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

高考Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical, never letting myself leave out a tough idea.

应用我自己的规则，我决定按字母顺序写，决不让自己遗漏一个艰难的想法。

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

六级We often take a militaristic, "tough" approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play.

我们经常采取军国主义的“强硬”方法来恢复和决心，就像一名海军陆战队队员在泥泞中挣扎，一名拳击手再打一圈，或者一名足球运动员再打一场比赛。

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

六级It is eradicating the tough aspects of management

它正在根除管理中的棘手问题

2011年6月阅读原文

考研Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times.

有时你很容易感到不好，因为你正在经历艰难的时刻。

2015年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

四级When I told a group of school children who displayed helpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned to keep trying when the problems got tough.

当我告诉一群表现出无助行为的学童，缺乏努力导致了他们在数学上的错误时，他们学会了在问题变得棘手时继续努力。

2016年12月阅读原文

六级We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be.

我们相信，我们坚持的时间越长，我们就越坚强，因此我们就会越成功。

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

考研While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such

虽然年轻人对今天开始创业的人的前景比长辈更乐观，但这两个群体中的绝大多数人都认为，与前几代人相比，那些“刚刚开始生活”的人在实现这一目标方面面临着更艰难的挑战

2016年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级The big difference between "drought-tolerant" plants and these tough plants: metabolism.

“耐旱”植物和这些坚韧植物的最大区别在于：新陈代谢。

2018年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

四级Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts.

时势艰难，连老板都在减薪。

2013年6月阅读原文

六级Most young boys are trained to believe that men should be strong, tough, cool, and detached.

大多数男孩都被训练成相信男人应该强壮、坚韧、冷静和超然。

2010年12月阅读原文

四级Banks and car manufacturers are glad for the extra business in tough economic times.

在经济困难时期，银行和汽车制造商为额外的业务感到高兴。

2015年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A

高考A tough man can tolerate suffering.

坚强的人能忍受痛苦。

2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读D 选项

四级Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework.

萨丽娜·哈珀（Sarina Harper）是弗吉尼亚理工大学的一名19岁学生，她在2015年开始上大学时，面临着一个艰难的两难境地：付房租还是交化学作业。

2018年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

六级A study by Mannaz, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management – at least in America and Europe

领导力发展公司曼纳兹（Mannaz）的一项研究表明，尽管旧时代的欺负型首席执行官可能还没有被彻底根除，但至少在美国和欧洲，重点已经明确转向了不那么强硬的管理风格

2011年6月阅读原文

考研Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.

皮特·施耐德认为今天的攀登更加艰难。

2016年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

高考Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher.

其他欧洲国家也对移民提出了类似的要求，有些条件甚至更为严格。

2017年高考英语浙江卷（6月） 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

四级In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead.

在操场上，孩子们创建一个层次结构(等级) 以体能为基础，以强者为主导。

2010年12月阅读原文

考研firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.

那些想在艰难时期留住外部董事的公司可能必须创造激励机制。

2011年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

四级Look, it's a tough decision, but you're running out of time, aren't you?

听着，这是个艰难的决定，但你的时间不多了，不是吗？

2019年12月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section B

六级A study by Mannaz, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management – at least in America and Europe.

领导力发展公司曼纳兹（Mannaz）的一项研究表明，尽管旧时代的欺负型首席执行官可能还没有被彻底根除，但至少在美国和欧洲，重点已经明确转向了不那么强硬的管理风格。

2011年6月阅读原文

四级There is, in our view, no real dispute here, we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers.

在我们看来，这里没有真正的争议，我们都在寻求同一件事，那就是更好地为我们的孩子和我们的国家服务的学校，鼓励学生在天才教师的指导下解决棘手的问题。

2012年6月阅读原文

六级It has encountered increasingly tougher challenges.

它遇到了越来越严峻的挑战。

2010年6月听力原文

六级give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods.

通过创造内部和外部恢复期，给自己足够的资源，让自己变得坚强。

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

六级Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants.

极端的条件会产生非常坚韧的植物。

2018年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

高考But life must be pretty tough for his family now.

但是现在他的家庭生活一定很艰难。

2019年高考英语全国卷I 听力 原文

六级E-books can be created on a shoestring budget while the authors of traditional books will have to overcome a tough sales target before they even consider making a profit on the book.

电子书可以用很小的预算制作，而传统书籍的作者甚至在考虑从书中获利之前，都必须克服一个艰难的销售目标。

2008年6月英语六级真题

六级Most young boys are trained to believe that men should be strong, tough, cool, and detached.

大多数男孩都被训练成相信男人应该坚强、坚韧、冷静和超然。

2010年12月英语六级真题

六级A study by Manna, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management – at least in America and Europe.

领导力发展公司Manna的一项研究表明，尽管过去那个恃强凌弱的首席执行官可能还没有被彻底根除，但至少在美国和欧洲，重点肯定会转向不那么强硬的管理风格。

2011年6月英语六级真题

四级Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand.

把所有四个样品都做好是一个艰难的测试，但我们认为，对于那些相信自己能认出自己品牌的人来说，这并不太难。

1996年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级The reason London taxi drivers are so efficient is that they all have gone through a very tough training period to get special taxi driving license.

伦敦出租车司机之所以如此高效，是因为他们都经历了一段非常艰难的培训期，以获得特殊的出租车驾驶执照。

2002年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级“Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight,” says York Onnen, program director of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.

“锻炼本身就是一种非常艰难的减肥方式，”总统体质和运动委员会项目主任York Onnen说。

2005年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key.

现代汽车更难被盗，因为它们的发动机管理计算机不允许它们启动，除非它们收到点火装置发出的唯一ID代码(点火) 钥匙

2006年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级It was planted where its tough roots which grow up to five feet long could help hold back the soil.

它被种植在其坚韧的根可以长到五英尺长的地方，这些根可以帮助阻挡土壤。

2006年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25% since 1990),and many signatories(签 字国) didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.

但它并没有减少二氧化碳排放量（自1990年以来增加了约25%），许多签署国(签 字国) 没有采取足够强硬的政策来实现2008-2012年的目标。

2008年6月大学英语四级考试真题

四级Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine .

Scott Hahn是Rogan and Loomstate的Gregory的联合创始人，该公司使用全有机棉，他表示，高质量的可持续材料仍然很难加工。

2009年6月英语四级考试真题

四级Sarina Harpet, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma when she first started college in 2015—pay rent or pay to turn in her chemistry homework.

弗吉尼亚理工大学19岁的学生Sarina Harpet在2015年第一次上大学时面临着一个艰难的困境——要么付房租，要么交化学作业。

2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第1套)

四级It’s a tough decision: The small size may not last you through the whole movie,but $5.50 for some sugary drink seems ridiculous.

这是一个艰难的决定：小尺寸可能无法让你看完整部电影，但5.50美元的含糖饮料似乎很荒谬。

2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第1套）

考研For the next few years, for a substantial portion of the workforce, times are going to be very tough indeed.

在接下来的几年里，对于相当一部分劳动力来说，日子将非常艰难。

1989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题