n.密码子

The genetic code is read in groups of three nucleotides called codons.
基因密码是由称为密码子的三个核苷酸组成的序列来解读的。
Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid in the protein synthesis process.
每个密码子在蛋白质合成过程中对应一个特定的氨基酸。
A synonymous codon can be replaced without altering the amino acid sequence.
同义密码子可以在不改变氨基酸序列的情况下进行替换。
Mutations that change a codon can lead to a non-synonymous change in the protein.
突变改变了一个密码子，可能导致蛋白质的非同义改变。
Scientists use genetic engineering to alter codons to create desired traits in organisms.
科学家通过基因工程修改密码子，以在生物体中产生期望的特性。
Codons start with AUG, which codes for methionine, the first amino acid in a protein chain.
密码子通常以AUG开始，它编码的是蛋白质链的第一个氨基酸甲硫氨酸。
Translation from DNA to proteins occurs through the decoding of these triplets or codons.
从DNA到蛋白质的翻译是通过解码这些三联体或密码子实现的。
The codon usage varies across different species, affecting gene expression efficiency.
不同物种中密码子的使用频率各异，影响基因表达的效率。
Some rare codons have no corresponding amino acids, known as 'stop codons' that signal protein synthesis termination.
有些稀有的密码子没有对应的氨基酸，被称为"终止密码子"，它们指示蛋白质合成的结束。
Understanding codon usage patterns is crucial for optimizing gene expression in biotechnology applications.
理解密码子使用模式对于优化生物技术应用中的基因表达至关重要。