四级Ever since 1898, when the town had been built by the Southern Pacific Railroad, Alamogordo had been a lonely town.
自1898年南太平洋铁路修建该镇以来，阿拉莫戈多一直是一个孤独的小镇。
1990年1月英语四级真题
四级The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems.
早期的火车是不切实际的珍品，很长一段时间以来，铁路公司都遇到了麻烦的机械问题。
1991年1月英语四级真题
四级Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation.
一旦这些问题得到解决，铁路就被确立为陆地运输的最佳方式。
1991年1月英语四级真题
四级By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi.
到1860年，有数千英里的铁路穿过东部山脉，向西到达密西西比河。
1991年1月英语四级真题
四级The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system.
随着第一个横贯大陆的铁路系统的建设，铁路建设达到了顶峰。
1991年1月英语四级真题
四级In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific.
1862年，国会授权两家西部铁路公司修建从内布拉斯加州向西和从加利福尼亚州向东到一个交汇点的线路，以完成连接大西洋海岸和太平洋的跨洲穿越。
1991年1月英语四级真题
四级The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land.
政府慷慨地用金钱和土地帮助铁路。
1991年1月英语四级真题
四级The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement.
这条铁路在鼓励西进方面非常重要。
1991年1月英语四级真题
四级His students, for instance, will learn about how Chinese immigrants built the railroads in California, and even have a chance to “experience” it themselves: They will race each other to build a railroad model on the playground, with some students being forced to “work” longer and faster and at cheaper wages.
例如，他的学生将了解中国移民是如何在加州建造铁路的，甚至有机会自己“体验”：他们将在操场上竞相建造铁路模型，一些学生被迫以更低的工资“工作”更长、更快。
2020年9月大学英语四级真题（第2套）
考研In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly.
近年来，铁路相互结合，合并成超级系统，引起了人们对垄断的高度担忧。
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
考研As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails.
就在1995年，四大铁路还不到铁路运输总吨数的70%。
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
考研Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.
明年，在一系列合并完成后，只有四条铁路将控制主要铁路运营商90%以上的货运。
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
考研But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.
但许多托运人抱怨说，对于长途运输的重型大宗商品，如煤炭、化学品和粮食，卡车运输成本太高，因此铁路公司对它们穷追不舍。
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
考研Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business.
铁路公司通常向此类“专属”托运人收取比另一条铁路公司竞争业务时高出20%至30%的费用。
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
考研Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone’s cost.
铁路公司为对专属托运人的费率歧视辩护，理由是从长远来看，这会降低每个人的成本。
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
考研If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.
他们认为，如果铁路向所有客户收取相同的平均费率，那么可以选择改用卡车或其他形式运输的托运人就会这样做，剩下的客户将承担维持线路的成本。
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
考研It’s theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.
这是许多经济学家赞同的理论，但在实践中，它往往让铁路公司处于决定哪些公司会繁荣，哪些公司会失败的位置。
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
考研“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?
“我们真的希望铁路成为市场上谁赢谁输的仲裁者吗？
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
考研The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic.
铁路行业作为一个整体，尽管其财富丰厚，但其收入仍然不足以支付其必须投资的资本成本，以跟上其激增的交通量。
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
考研Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on.
然而，在华尔街的欢呼声中，铁路公司继续借款数十亿美元相互收购。
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
考研Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you.
你的大纲应该平稳地引导你从一个点到下一个点，但不要让它束缚你。
2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题
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