六级As a result, violations of the law and abuses of the intent of the law have lessened the financial rewards of authors, artists and producers.

因此，违反法律和滥用法律意图减少了作者、艺术家和制片人的经济回报。

2014年6月听力原文

考研Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents'monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's.

批评家们对基因专利提出了三个主要论点：基因是自然的产物，所以它可能没有专利；基因专利抑制创新而不是奖励创新；专利的垄断限制了像Myriad这样的基因检测。

2012年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

高考In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest.

一般来说，可以立即获得回报的新闻类型包括犯罪和腐败、事故和灾难、体育、社会事件和人类利益。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 原文

考研Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed.

对已知和相信的事物的复制和确认几乎没有回报。

2012年考研阅读原文

四级According to a new study from Cornell University's Food and Brand Lab, small nonfood rewards—like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals—stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.

根据康奈尔大学食品和品牌实验室的一项新研究，像麦当劳快乐餐中的玩具这样的小的非食品奖励会刺激大脑中与食物相同的奖励中心。

2016年12月阅读原文

高考A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party.

一位政治家可能会读一篇关于他最近一次成功的公开会议的报道，不是因为它延迟了回报，而是因为他的妻子读一篇关于一个政党的报道。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 原文

六级In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost always essential.

为了获得成功的结果或回报，一定程度的风险几乎总是必不可少的。

2018年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

六级If supervisors do not acknowledge such outstanding performance, employees may either lose their enthusiasm and reduce their effort or search for a new job at a firm that will reward them for high performance.

如果主管不承认这些出色的表现，员工可能会失去热情，减少努力，或者在一家公司寻找一份新工作，以奖励他们的出色表现。

2013年12月阅读原文

六级For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural reward centres were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars一suggesting that lying may have to do with the inability to resist temptation.

为了进行后续分析，他发现那些在赢钱时神经奖励中心更活跃的人也更有可能成为说谎者一这表明说谎可能与无法抵抗诱惑有关。

2019年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

高考Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment.

深思熟虑的练习活动需要努力，不会立即产生回报，其动机是为了提高表现，而不是为了享受。

2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读表达 原文

六级The brains of teenagers, but not adults, showed greater activity in two regions associated with rewards when they were being observed by same-age peers than when alone.

青少年（而非成年人）的大脑在两个与奖励相关的区域中表现出更大的活动性，这两个区域在同龄同龄人的观察下比单独观察时更为活跃。

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

高考News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual involvement.

即时奖励的消息似乎会把他们的读者带到一个非常可怕的场景，而没有实际的参与。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 题设

高考When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.

当读者选择延迟的奖励新闻时，他会将自己拉入周围现实的世界中，只有努力工作才能使自己适应这个世界。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 原文

高考The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.

研究人员随后测试了猴子如何组合或添加符号以获得奖励。

2019年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

四级Even more interesting is that the promise of a future reward was enough to make adults choose the smaller portion.

更有趣的是，未来奖励的承诺足以让成年人选择更小的部分。

2016年12月阅读原文

高考Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.

公共事务、经济事务、社会问题、科学、教育和卫生方面的新闻可能会延迟奖励。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 原文

六级The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards.

《千年生态系统评估》（Millennium Economic Assessment）是一项为期四年的大型全球研究，今年早些时候报告了其初步结论。该研究发现，有理由相信，可持续地管理生态系统，而不是与自然协同工作，在短期内可能利润较低，但肯定会带来长期回报。

2016年6月阅读原文

四级Reward all those involved in the debate sufficiently when the goals are reached.

当目标达成时，充分奖励所有参与辩论的人。

2015年12月阅读原文

高考In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness.

在任何关于腐败或灾难的故事中，一个有思想的读者不仅可以从间接经验中获得即时的回报，还可以从信息和准备中获得延迟的回报。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 原文

高考A team of researchers trained three rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.

一组研究人员训练三只恒河猴将26个明显不同的符号（包括数字和选择性字母）与0-25滴水或果汁联系起来作为奖励。

2019年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

高考Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual's tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.

因此，虽然类别的划分在总体上是成立的，但一个人的倾向可能会将任何故事从一种阅读转移到另一种阅读，或者将体验分为两种奖励。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 原文

四级My research revealed that the rewards go well beyond replacing stress and anxiety with the satisfaction of creation.

我的研究表明，回报远远不止于用创作的满足感来取代压力和焦虑。

2017年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

六级But you needn't attend an Ivy League school to reap those rewards.

但你不必去常春藤盟校就可以获得这些奖励。

2018年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

考研Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.

银行家们的丰厚薪酬招致了很多批评，但不奖励高成就者的公共部门体系对美国来说可能是一个更大的问题。

2012年考研阅读原文

四级This writing practice brings rewards that can't be seen in bank accounts, but only in the success of human relationships.

这种写作实践带来的回报是银行账户无法看到的，而只有在人际关系的成功中才能看到。

2010年12月听力原文

六级In other words, rewards are more intense for teens when they are with peers, which motivates them to pursue higher-risk experiences that might bring a big payoff such as the thrill of just making the light before it turns re.

换句话说，当青少年与同龄人在一起时，奖励会更强烈，这会促使他们追求更高风险的体验，这可能带来巨大的回报，比如在灯亮之前点亮灯的兴奋感。

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

四级They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.

他们认为，服务好的服务员应该得到这样的奖励。

2016年12月阅读原文

高考However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?

然而，如果其他人在这个过程中受益，而我也得到了一些回报，那么我的动机在哪里真的很重要吗？

2019年高考英语全国卷2 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

高考For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.

由于缺少更好的名称，我们将这两类称为即时奖励和延迟奖励。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 原文

考研Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.

一些人想震惊，另一些人想吸引人们进入科学界，或者更好地奖励那些以研究为职业的人。

2014年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

四级Procter and Gamble has a "Corporate Innovation Fund" which offers big rewards for high-risk ideas that succeed.

宝洁有一个“企业创新基金”，为成功的高风险创意提供高额回报。

2016年6月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A

考研Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.

低工资劳动力的税收需要削减，劳动所得税抵免等工资补贴应该扩大：这将提高收入、鼓励工作、奖励创造就业机会的公司并减少不平等。

2018年考研阅读原文

四级The note inside the bottle said, "Return to 419 Ocean Street and receive a reward of $150 from Richard and Tina pierce, owners of the Beachcomber Motel."

瓶子里的纸条上写着：“回到海洋街419号，从海滨汽车旅馆的所有者理查德和蒂娜·皮尔斯那里得到150美元的奖励。”

2018年6月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section A

四级According to a new study from Cornell University's Food and BrandLab, small nonfood rewards—like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals—stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.

根据康奈尔大学食品和品牌实验室的一项新研究，像麦当劳快乐餐中的玩具这样的小的非食品奖励会刺激大脑中与食物相同的奖励中心。

2016年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

四级Or maybe the reward of a half-sized portion could be a half-sized dessert to be claimed only on a future date.

或者，一份半份的奖励可能是一份半份的甜点，只能在将来的某个日期领取。

2016年12月阅读原文

考研Your home colleagues - your family - have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they're teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.

你的家庭同事——你的家人——没有明确的劳动报酬；他们需要被说服，或者，如果他们是青少年，就可能被威胁完全拆除所有电子设备。

2015年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

四级Employees formed storm chaser teams and competed in storm-themed educational exercises to earn various rewards.

员工组成风暴追逐者团队，参加风暴主题的教育演习，以获得各种奖励。

2016年12月阅读原文

高考For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward.

例如，社会学家可能会将犯罪新闻视为一个社会问题，而不是它的直接回报。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 原文

考研Bankers' fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.

银行家们的丰厚薪酬招致了很多批评，但不奖励高成就者的公共部门体系对美国来说可能是一个更大的问题。

2012年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

高考Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.

有时我们认为一点不必要的危险是值得的，因为当我们权衡风险和回报时，风险似乎值得承担。

2016年高考英语北京卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文

高考News of delayed reward will induce the reader to prepare for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to withdraw from the reality.

延迟报偿的新闻会促使读者为现实做好准备，而即时报偿的新闻会导致读者从现实中退缩。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 题设

高考News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a threat to them.

延迟奖励的消息将使读者遭受痛苦，或对他们构成威胁。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 题设

四级The desire for a future reward is overwhelming.

对未来奖励的渴望是压倒性的。

2016年12月阅读原文

高考For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip.

然而，对于许多来到道森的人来说，这次艰难的旅程是值得的。

2018年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

六级Reinforcement occurs when we receive direct or indirect rewards or punishments for particular gender role behaviors.

当我们因特定的性别角色行为而受到直接或间接的奖励或惩罚时，就会发生强化。

2013年6月阅读原文

四级Rewards do not have to be stuff, Cornetti says.

科内蒂说，奖励不一定是东西。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级Employees formed "storm chaser teams" and competed in storm-themed educational exercises to earn various rewards.

员工组成“风暴追逐者团队”，参加风暴主题的教育演习，赚取各种奖励。

2016年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

高考This reward may be either of two kinds.

这种奖励可能有两种。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 原文

高考People expect to get rewards from reading news.

人们希望从阅读新闻中获得回报。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 题设

高考People select news in expectation of a reward.

人们选择新闻是为了得到回报。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 任务型阅读 原文

高考How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?

猴子们是如何在实验中获得奖励的？

2019年高考英语全国卷3 阅读理解 阅读D 题设

四级his father said he had offered his son 100 dollars as a reward.

他的父亲说他给了儿子100美元作为报酬。

2019年6月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A

六级A great many people presume upon a reward when doing a good deed.

许多人在做好事时都会得到报酬。

2007年6月英语六级真题

六级First and foremost, there is a natural tendency to equate doing good deeds with a certain amount of reward, and reward with a certain amount of money.

首先，人们有一种自然的倾向，即把做好事等同于一定数量的奖励，把奖励等同于一定数额的金钱。

2007年6月英语六级真题

六级What is more, they maintain that since the basis of contemporary society is money, one of the major means of earning money is getting reward by doing good deeds.

更重要的是，他们坚持认为，由于当代社会的基础是金钱，赚钱的主要手段之一是通过做好事获得奖励。

2007年6月英语六级真题

六级Hence, doing a good deed is fulfilling itself and reward is of minimal significance.

因此，做一件好事本身就是一种成就，而回报的意义微乎其微。

2007年6月英语六级真题

六级Mr. Leifeng lived a simple life dedicated to doing good deeds without expecting any reward and helping people from all walks of life, yet he was remembered as one of the most successful hero of our time.

雷锋先生过着简朴的生活，不求回报，做好事，帮助各行各业的人，但他被人们铭记为我们这个时代最成功的英雄之一。

2007年6月英语六级真题

六级Generally speaking, it is my view that we should not expect a reward when doing a good deed.

一般来说，我认为我们做好事时不应该期望得到回报。

2007年6月英语六级真题

六级We do this for enjoyment, self-fulfillment and spiritual enhancement, not for the purpose of reward.

我们这样做是为了享受、自我实现和精神提升，而不是为了奖励。

2007年6月英语六级真题

六级Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳地) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine.

消除初级保健医生每小时挤更多病人的压力，并以最佳方式奖励他们(最佳地) 管理他们的疾病和实践循证医学。

2009年12月英语六级真题

四级For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true.

在过去的一段时间里，人们普遍认为婴儿和其他生物学习做事是因为某些行为会带来“奖励”；没有理由怀疑这是真的。

1993年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级But it used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) “drives” as thirst or hunger.

但过去人们也普遍认为，有效的奖励，至少在早期阶段，必须与这种基本的生理学直接相关(生理的) “驱使”如口渴或饥饿。

1993年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.

婴儿将学会以在世界上产生结果的方式行事，除了成功的结果之外，没有任何回报。

1993年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other.

帕波塞克开始他的研究时，以正常的方式使用牛奶来“奖励”婴儿，并教他们做一些简单的动作，比如把头转向一边或另一边。

1993年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.

我们一次又一次地看到，只要把力所能及的小事做好，巨大的回报就会随之而来。

1995年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.

心理学家对外部奖励（从热情的赞扬到冰冷的现金）如何影响动机和创造力持相反看法。

1997年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school.

研究行为与其后果之间关系的行为学家认为，奖励可以提高工作和学校的表现。

1997年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Cognitive (认知学派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.

认知的认知学派的) 研究心理生活各个方面的研究人员坚持认为，奖励往往会鼓励依赖他人的认可和礼物，从而破坏创造力。

1997年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级But the careful use of small monetary (金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements (刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

但谨慎使用小额货币(金钱的) 奖励激发了小学生的创造力，这表明适当的奖励方式(刺激) 根据六月《个性与社会心理学杂志》的一项研究，这确实有助于创造性。

1997年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark.

纽瓦克特拉华大学的Robert Eisenberger说：“如果孩子们知道自己的工作是为了奖励，并且能够专注于一项相对具有挑战性的任务，他们就会表现出最大的创造力。”。

1997年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级“But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.

“但对糟糕的表现给予奖励或对奖励产生过多的期望，很容易扼杀创造力。

1997年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds.

Eisenberger认为，一个老师如果不断地关注奖励，或者为普通成绩取得高分，最终会培养出缺乏灵感的学生。

1997年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.

这位特拉华州心理学家声称，在低年级时，使用所谓的象征经济，即学生处理具有挑战性的问题，并获得基于绩效的分数以获得有价值的奖励，这在提高努力和创造力方面显示出了希望。

1997年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable—or unwilling—to “play the game.

然而，尽管参与办公室政治有着明显的回报——一份更好的工作、加薪、表扬——但许多人仍然无法——或者不愿意——“玩这个游戏”。

2004年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级The real reward of goof teaching is seeing students learn.

愚蠢教学的真正回报是看到学生学习。

2011年12月英语四级考试真题

四级Research has suggested that sugar activates the same reward pathways in the brain as traditional drugs of abuse like morphine or heroin.

研究表明，糖在大脑中激活的奖励途径与吗啡或海洛因等传统滥用药物相同。

2012年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（1）

四级Where once retirement was seen as a brief reward after a long struggle through some miserable job, it is now akin (近似) to being cast aside.

退休曾经被视为在经历了长期的痛苦工作后的短暂回报，现在类似于(近似) 被抛弃。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)

四级Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.

受过高等教育的人的工资大幅上涨，这些人在老年后继续获得丰厚的回报，因为如今受过教育的老年人比上一代人更有生产力。

2015年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套)

四级The promise of rewards, for others.

对他人的回报承诺。

2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）

四级Employees formed “storm chaser teams” and competed in storm-themed educational exercises to earn various rewards.

员工们组成“风暴追逐队”，参加风暴主题的教育演习，以获得各种奖励。

2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）

四级“Rewards do not have to be stuff,” Cometti says.

科梅蒂说：“奖励不一定是东西。”。

2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）

四级“Rewards can be flexible working hours.

“奖励可以是灵活的工作时间。

2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）

四级According to a new study from Cornell University’s Food and Brand Lab, small non-food rewards—like the toys in McDonald’s Happy Meals—stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.

根据康奈尔大学食品与品牌实验室的一项新研究，小型非食品奖励——比如麦当劳快乐餐中的玩具——刺激大脑中与食物相同的奖励中心。

2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）

四级One reason is that society rewards people who are thin and healthy looking.

其中一个原因是，社会奖励那些身材苗条、长相健康的人。

2020年9月大学英语四级真题（第1套）

考研The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no color TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.

有史以来延期时间最长的是乔治·瓦伦西；他1939年的彩色电视接收机电路专利被延长到1971年，因为在该专利的大部分正常使用寿命中，没有彩色电视可供接收，因此这项发明没有回报的希望。

1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf.

如果野心要得到尊重，那么野心的回报——财富、卓越、对命运的控制——必须被视为值得为野心做出牺牲。

2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.

我发现，正如凯尔西在压力增大后辞去《她》编辑一职后所做的那样，放弃“兼顾生活”的原则，转而选择“放慢生活节奏”，所带来的回报远大于经济成功和社会地位。

2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.

拒绝较低的奖励会让团队中的其他成员非常清楚地感受到这些感受。

2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题