We're studying a substitution for the medicine.
我们正在研制一种该药的替代品。
They use cream in substitution for sugar.
他们用奶油代替糖。
Tom made two
substitutions in the second half.
汤姆在下半场两次换人。
She used a substitution cipher to encode her message, making it difficult for anyone else to read.
她使用了替代密码来编码她的信息，使得其他人很难阅读。
In algebra, solving an equation often involves making a substitution to simplify the problem.
在代数中，解方程常常需要通过替换来简化问题。
The coach made a substitution in the second half of the game, replacing the injured player with a fresh substitute.
教练在比赛的下半场做出换人调整，用一名健康的替补球员换下了受伤的球员。
Due to allergies, she had to find a substitution for wheat flour in her baking recipe.
因为过敏，她不得不在烘焙食谱中寻找小麦粉的替代品。
The teacher allowed students to do a project instead of a test as a form of substitution for their final assessment.
老师允许学生以做项目代替考试，作为期末评估的一种替代方式。
In football, a tactical substitution can completely change the flow of the game.
在足球中，一次战术性的换人可以完全改变比赛的走势。
Vegan cooks often use nutritional yeast as a substitution for cheese in recipes.
素食厨师常常用营养酵母作为食谱中奶酪的替代品。
The chemist found a successful substitution for the rare ingredient, enabling mass production of the medicine.
化学家找到了稀有成分的成功替代品，使得这种药物能够大规模生产。
In linguistics, code-switching can be seen as a type of substitution where speakers alternate between two languages or dialects.
在语言学中，语码转换可以被视为一种替代，说话者在两种语言或方言之间交替使用。
When the main ingredient was out of stock, the chef cleverly made a substitution with a similar tasting ingredient, saving the day.
主食材缺货时，厨师巧妙地用一种味道相似的材料做了替换，挽救了局面。
It is used as an electricity substitution in the breeding of marine organisms and deep processing of marine products, creating the most suitable breeding environment for marine organisms.
它被用作海洋生物养殖和海洋产品深加工的电力替代品，为海洋生物创造最合适的养殖环境。
Since high energy costs in Europe have curbed the production capacity of energy-intensive industries such as chemicals and steel manufacturing, Chinese companies in these fields are expected to form export substitutions and grab more market share in global markets in the next stage, said Ding Rijia, a professor specializing in the energy economy at the China University of Mining and Technology in Beijing.
丁日佳说，由于欧洲的高能源成本抑制了化工和钢铁制造等能源密集型行业的产能，下一阶段，这些领域的中国公司有望形成出口替代，并在全球市场上抢占更多市场份额，北京中国矿业大学能源经济专业教授。
The substitution of hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) by Cathay's PDA in the field of polyamides can solve major bottlenecks in the development of polyamides, Liu added.
刘补充道，在聚酰胺领域，国泰PDA取代六亚甲基二胺（HMDA）可以解决聚酰胺发展的主要瓶颈。
The product category has helped the company realize market substitution of chemically processed products that have enjoyed a large market share for decades, he said.
他说，该产品类别帮助该公司实现了几十年来占据巨大市场份额的化学加工产品的市场替代。
"We are benefiting from the rapid development of the 5G communication market, intelligent driving of new energy vehicles and other related fields, as well as the urgent need for domestic substitution of high-end electronic components," Liu said.
Noting that 90 percent of the fabric used in Kenya is imported, Ikiara said there is a great opportunity for import substitution through local production like cotton processing and ginning industries as well as textile mills and apparel manufacturing within special economic zones.
However, Qian believes intelligent services cannot be deemed as a straight substitution for everything.
ADDIS ABABA - Chinese pharmaceutical giant, Sansheng Pharmaceuticals Plc, on Sunday inaugurated its production plant in Ethiopia amid the east African country's higher demand for import substitution in medicines.
The Ethiopian government, which has been expressing its concern over the minimal share of local medical drugs production for the East African country's domestic use, stressed the benefits of the Chinese pharmaceutical firm in saving large amount of hard currency through import substitution.
Dangote Refinery currently under construction would save Nigeria 12 billion U. S. dollars annual import substitution, create 4,000 direct jobs and crash prices of petroleum products.
"Meili has core technologies in producing high value-added power system springs, which make it possible to achieve the goal of import substitution in the long term," said Yu.
"To help boost growth of the bigenguo industry, State Grid Suqian Power Supply Co has improved its power grid construction, power supply services, as well as energy substitution technologies to support local growers in recent years, said Guo Panpan from the Suqian power supply company.
They advocate clean heat source substitution technology and continuously improve the power supply service capabilities and electrification level in rural areas.
This minimizes the proportion of added value and makes Chinese products more prone to substitution by goods made in other countries.
The implementation of the RCEP will therefore have a "substitution" effect on China's exports.
However, the creation effect is more influential than the substitution effect.
ASEAN has had a relatively strong substitution effect on China's textile product exports, but its export substitution effect on China's electromechanical products is very limited.
Taking textiles and clothing as an example, China's export share in the global market has declined while Vietnam's export share has increased in recent years, reflecting the manufacturing relocation of labor-intensive garments and other textile products and Vietnam's substitution of some Chinese exports in those sectors.
Even though Vietnam's substitution effect on China is greater in the short term, India's effect in a similar context will be greater in the longer term.
The faster the promotion in this area, the speedier the development of new energy substitutions in the lower-stream sectors of the industry.
The substitution of electricity refers to the use of electricity to replace the energy consumption modes of burning coal and fuel in the terminal energy consumption segment.
Despite the large-scale development of new energy sources, their reliable operational capacity remains below 5 percent, making them unreliable for substantial substitution, said Rao.
Currently, despite the large-scale development of new energy sources, their operational capacity remains below 5 percent, making them unreliable as substantial substitutions.
Industry experts said domestic substitution will be accelerated in the upstream consumables end of the chain.
Guo Jianbo, senior adviser of State Grid Corp of China and honorary president of the China Electric Power Research Institute, said power generation from renewable energy sources is highly random and volatile, and the large-scale substitution of conventional power generation units by renewable energy units poses a risk to stable and safe operations, as well as challenges like lower economic viability for some companies.
cn, in terms of laser cosmetic devices, a subcategory of the non-surgical sector, domestic enterprises are making efforts to catch up, and they are about to break the import monopoly and realize domestic substitution in the high-end market.
However, with more efforts on the promotion of import substitution and overseas market expansion, the profit level began to increase rapidly since 2020, with a growth rate of 46 percent year-on-year in the year.
When asked about how Mindray broke technical barriers and realized import substitution, the company said in its 2021 annual report, "We have always attached great importance to R&D, as patent innovation and technology upgrading are the lifeblood of medical device companies.
The outbreak of COVID-19 has, to some extent, promoted the domestic substitution progress of disposable medical consumables.
So, the country should increase its domestic energy reserves and also enhance international cooperation to expand and diversify energy imports, said Jiang Xuefeng, deputy head of the Economics and Technology Research Institute, which is a part of China National Petroleum Corp. China should also continuously deepen energy conservation and fuel substitution, and promote the development of renewables and other clean energy avenues to improve the country's energy mix, Jiang said.
因此，中国应增加国内能源储备，并加强国际合作以扩大和多样化能源进口，中国石油天然气集团公司经济技术研究院副院长蒋学峰表示。中国还应不断深化节能和燃料替代，促进可再生能源和其他清洁能源的发展，以改善国家的能源结构，蒋说。
Although energy consumption is expected to continue to climb in China, it is believed that the substitution of clean energy for traditional fossil fuels will have a major effect on the country's energy mix.
Analysts said the costs for producing hydrogen-powered vehicles can decrease through mass-production and the substitution of expensive metals.
China, long a major consumer of mined diamonds, now has a realistic chance to become a supplier of man-made ones and shape the industry, analysts said, but the scenario for substitution -- when consumers become indifferent to provenance -- is far from certain and depends on public perception.
The notice also stressed that the country's steel trade policies should comply with WTO rules, banning the release of export subsidies and import substitution subsidies breaching such rules.
"The industrial transformation deepened," Chen said, citing faster growth in fixed asset investment, and progress in import substitution of core components of crucial technological equipment.
The realization of independent innovation and domestic substitution promotes the internationalization of China's healthcare industry.
Jin Keyu, a Chinese economist at the London School of Economics, said in a video address, " (In today's world), it's less about competition, rivalry, and substitution, and more about collaboration, complementarity, and cooperation.
Other stocks to watch would be those of manufacturers of construction materials used in consumption scenarios, industrial companies bearing the concept of domestic substitution, consumer electronics makers and the undervalued financial service providers, Zhou said.
So-called transition finance should support the fields that meet standards of coal consumption reduction and substitution, while financing for highly polluting projects and those that entail high energy consumption should be withdrawn.
That is a way to limit the risks of currency substitution, such as "dollarisation", the BIS said.
The investment will accelerate the penetration of electrification and clean fuel substitution in transportation, heating and general industry, it said.
"After the complete substitution of paper money, the central bank can implement a subzero interest rate through the digital system, so that the monetary policy can break through the zero interest rate limit," Qian added.
Officials from the Chinese central bank, the People's Bank of China, have proposed the initial design of its own digital currency, indicating it will only replace cash currently in circulation, but not be a substitution for bank deposits, credit or a store of value.
Countries must improve their monetary and fiscal policies, as well as legal and regulatory frameworks, to avoid the situation that widespread global adoption of a digital currency might lead to substitution away from sovereign currencies, especially in countries with high inflation, volatile exchange rates and weak institutions, Liu said.
In the future, enterprises with strong import substitution ability and markets will have the advantage in getting their IPOs approved," he said.
By reducing the personal tax burden and different marginal tax rates for different ages, people's consciousness of senior care will be raised effectively, said Gan Weimin, CEO of Ping An Pension Insurance Corp. "The tax-deferred pension can adapt to different risk preferences and raise the substitution rates of personal pensions," said Gan.
"The intensified competition and decreased profit led by interest rate liberalization, the differentiation of technology-driven product caused by homogenization of inefficient competition, the new generation of financial upgrade transformation brought by internet technology, the substitution of efficient technology required by the economy-driven rising cost of manpower and the need of financial services to promote intrinsic value are all included.