考研“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.

一位研究人员表示：“我们估计，要么消除童工等重大劳动权利问题，要么将企业捐赠增加20%左右，其罚款通常比贿赂外国官员的典型惩罚低40%。”。

2016年考研阅读原文

考研"We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials," says one

“我们估计，要么消除大量劳工权利问题，如童工，要么将企业捐赠增加20%左右，结果导致罚款通常比贿赂外国官员的典型惩罚低40%，”一位官员表示

2016年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级This means that there could be an extra three billion mouths to feed by the end of the century, a period in which substantial changes are anticipated in the wealth, calorie intake and dietary preferences of people in developing countries across the world.

这意味着到本世纪末可能会有额外的30亿张嘴需要进食，在这一时期，全世界发展中国家人民的财富、卡路里摄入和饮食偏好都将发生重大变化。

2013年12月阅读原文

高考They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum.

在纺织业取得巨大成功后，他们搬了进来，并帮助了Hilversum的大量纺织业。

2015年高考英语湖北卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

四级If all four bills pass as written, they would represent a substantial update of michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions.

如果这四项法案全部以书面形式通过，将代表密歇根州2013年法律的实质性更新，该法律允许在有限条件下测试自动驾驶车辆。

2019年6月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

六级Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results.

孟加拉国也取得了实质性成果。

2016年6月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

六级While alternative estimates of the damage from carbon emissions differ, and it's especially hard to reckon the likely costs of possible catastrophic climate events, most estimates suggest substantial negative effects.

虽然对碳排放造成的损害的其他估计各不相同，而且很难估算可能发生的灾难性气候事件的可能成本，但大多数估计都表明了巨大的负面影响。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级The International Monetary Fund calculates that countries can generate substantial fiscal revenues by eliminating fossil fuel subsidies and levying carbon charges that capture the domestic damage caused by emissions.

国际货币基金组织（IMF）计算出，各国可以通过取消化石燃料补贴和征收碳排放费来获得可观的财政收入，以弥补排放造成的国内损害。

2017年6月阅读原文

四级Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these—the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.

事实上，我们在世界某些地区至少在其中一个方面取得了重大进展，即计划生育服务的分配和向小家庭的转移。

2016年6月阅读原文

六级Unless renewables become cheap enough that substantial carbon deposits are left underground for a very long time, if not forever, the planet will likely be exposed to potentially catastrophic climate risks.

除非可再生能源变得足够便宜，以至于大量的碳沉积在地下很长一段时间（如果不是永远的话），否则地球将可能面临潜在的灾难性气候风险。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit

各国的版权法各不相同，但一般来说，版权保护的期限为作者生命的最后一段时间以及之后的相当长的一段时间，从而允许作者的继承人受益

2011年12月阅读原文

六级Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit.

各国的版权法各不相同，但一般来说，版权保护的期限为作者的生命周期和之后的相当长的一段时间，因此允许作者的继承人受益。

2011年12月阅读原文

考研In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that "a substantial part" of executive pay is now tied to performance.

《华尔街日报》在其最新的CEO薪酬调查中发现，高管薪酬的“很大一部分”与业绩挂钩。

2019年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

考研Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby.

掌握欧洲复杂批发业务的零售商很可能因此获得丰厚利润。

2010年考研阅读原文

六级This means that there could be an extra three billion mouths to feed by the end of the century, a period in which substantial changes are anticipated in the wealth, calorie intake and dietary preferences of people in developing countries across the world

这意味着到本世纪末可能会有额外的30亿张嘴需要进食，在这一时期，全世界发展中国家人民的财富、卡路里摄入和饮食偏好都将发生重大变化

2013年12月阅读原文

六级And yet there are substantial sectors of the vast U. S. economy-from giant companies like Coca-Cola to mom-and-pop restaurant operators in Miami-for which the weak dollar is most excellent news.

然而，从可口可乐（Coca-Cola）等大公司到迈阿密的夫妻餐厅运营商，在庞大的美国经济中，有许多领域的美元疲软是最好的消息。

2008年6月英语六级真题

六级Although Wright Vigar hasn’t yet quantified the business benefits, it claims that, in addition to being able to retain key staff with young families, it is able to save fee-earners a substantial amount of “dead” time in their working days.

尽管Wright Vigar尚未量化其商业效益，但它声称，除了能够留住年轻家庭的关键员工外，它还能够为收费者节省大量工作日的“死亡”时间。

2009年12月英语六级真题

四级In many cases, a victim’s losses may included not only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additional financial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in the community and correcting erroneous information for which the criminal is responsible.

在许多情况下，受害者的损失可能不仅包括自付的经济损失，还包括与试图恢复其在社区中的声誉和纠正罪犯应负责的错误信息相关的大量额外经济成本。

2007年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.

“这仍然是一个很大的区域，”帕克说，“但对我来说，它缩小了范围。”。

2009年6月英语四级考试真题

四级“If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future,” warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State.

俄亥俄州立大学经济学教授露西娅·邓恩警告说：“如果我们的发现继续成立，未来可能会有更多的老年人面临严重的经济问题。”。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)

四级Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these——the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.

事实上，我们在世界一些地区至少在其中一个方面取得了实质性进展——计划生育服务的分配和向小家庭的相关转变。

2016年6月大学英语四级真题（第2套)

四级It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside superxadliberal areas.

这证明了对含糖饮料征税可以在超恶自由地区之外赢得大量支持。

2019年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）

考研For the next few years, for a substantial portion of the workforce, times are going to be very tough indeed.

在接下来的几年里，对于相当一部分劳动力来说，日子将非常艰难。

1989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研At the same time, the American Law Institute—a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.

与此同时，由法官、律师和学者组成的美国法律研究所发布了新的侵权法指南，指出公司不必警告客户明显的危险，也不必用一长串可能的危险轰炸他们。

1999年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.

新超级系统的支持者认为，这些合并将大幅降低成本，并更好地协调服务。

2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

考研Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.

或者他们可以阅读Kirby先生的报告：“这样一个机构的巨大购买力将加强公共处方药保险计划，以谈判药品公司尽可能低的购买价格。

2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

考研Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.

从基因上讲，避免高个子是有好处的。

2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题