四级Mistakes crack their self-confidence because they attribute errors to a lack of ability, which they feel powerless to change.

错误会打击他们的自信心，因为他们把错误归因于缺乏能力，而他们感到无力改变。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级In particular, attributing poor performance to a lack of ability depresses motivation more than does the belief that lack of effort is to blame.

特别是，将糟糕的表现归因于缺乏能力比认为缺乏努力更能抑制动机。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with a fixed mindset said that they would study less in the future, try never to take that subject again and consider cheating on future tests.

把一个坏的等级归因于他们自己的能力缺乏，那些有固定心态的人说他们将来会学习更少，试着不再去接受这个主题，并在将来的考试中考虑作弊。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with a fixed mind-set said that they would study less in the future, try never to take that subject again and consider cheating on future tests.

把一个坏的等级归因于他们自己缺乏能力，那些头脑定型的人说他们将来会学习更少，试着再也不学那个科目，在将来的考试中考虑作弊。

2016年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

六级The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful.

正是由于缺乏一个恢复期，我们的集体恢复力和成功能力受到了极大的阻碍。

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

六级They lack water-storing structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents them from tapping groundwater, so they have instead developed the ability to change their metabolism.

它们缺乏蓄水结构，而且它们在岩石表面的存在使它们无法开采地下水，因此它们反而发展了改变新陈代谢的能力。

2018年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

考研A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future.

然而，缺乏正规教育并不限制发展中国家劳动力为森林覆盖的未来大幅提高生产力的能力。

2009年考研阅读原文

考研A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future.

然而，缺乏正规教育并不限制发展中国家劳动力在可预见的未来大幅提高生产率的能力。

2009年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级American scientists complain about lack of sufficient money and equipment for their expansion in Antarctica.

美国科学家抱怨他们在南极洲的扩张缺乏足够的资金和设备。

2016年12月阅读原文

六级According to the survey, that lack of enthusiasm could stem from concerns about privacy and security.

根据调查，这种缺乏热情可能源于对隐私和安全的担忧。

2016年12月阅读原文

考研Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.

在当今的经济环境下，抱怨资金短缺的社会科学家不应该期望得到更多。

2013年考研阅读原文

考研Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve.

由于美国高校很少承认社会阶层如何影响学生的教育经历，因此许多第一代学生缺乏对他们为何如此挣扎的洞察力，也不了解像他们这样的学生如何提高。

2015年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级Most pop singers suffer from three things: lack of training, overuse and abuse of the voice, especially when they are young

大多数流行歌手都有三方面的问题：缺乏训练、过度使用和滥用嗓音，尤其是年轻时

2013年6月听力原文

六级In 2011 they released a landmark study titled Academically Adrift, which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college.

2011年，他们发布了一项具有里程碑意义的研究，名为学术漂流，该研究记录了许多上大学的人缺乏智力成长的经历。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级And because a failure to accept these increased demands indicates a lack of commitment to one's work, the employee complies.

而且，由于未能接受这些增加的要求表明员工对工作缺乏承诺，因此员工会遵守。

2016年12月阅读原文

六级The issue of climate change also illustrates how the public acceptance and understanding of scienceor the lack of it can influence governmental decision-making with regard to regulation, science policy and research funding.

气候变化问题还说明了公众对科学的接受和理解或缺乏科学知识如何影响政府在监管、科学政策和研究资金方面的决策。

2018年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

六级They can meet their basic needs, but they lack access to cultural goods, entertainment and recreation.

他们可以满足基本需求，但缺乏文化产品、娱乐和娱乐。

2017年6月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

高考But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

但是，如果一段关系中缺乏信任，而这种信任源于一种行为，即行为人不承担修复错误的责任，那么你就不可能成功。

2015年高考英语全国卷1 阅读理解 七选五 原文

四级The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack of skills.

使儿童与成人区别开来的不是他们的无知，也不是他们缺乏技能。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级Unlike developed cities, however, these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities, and rivers effectively become sewers ( ' , 下水道).

然而，与发达城市不同的是，这些地区缺乏先进的水处理设施，河流实际上变成了下水道，下水道).

2016年6月阅读原文

六级Unlike developed cities, however, these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities, and rivers effectively become sewers.

然而，与发达城市不同的是，这些地区缺乏先进的水处理设施，河流实际上变成了下水道。

2016年6月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

高考To be punctual one has to have self-discipline, and the lack of it affects others.

要守时就必须有自律，而自律的缺乏会影响到其他人。

2015年高考英语陕西卷 阅读理解 阅读B 原文

四级She said, "I started Engineering For kids EF after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to enroll my own kids in.

她说：“我在注意到我自己的孩子真正缺乏数学、科学和工程课程后，开始为孩子们设计EF。

2017年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section A

六级The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible, but this increased concern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social car.

其目的是使老年人能够尽可能长时间地留在自己的家中，但这增加了人们对免费医疗和有偿社会服务之间缺乏协调的担忧。

2018年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

考研This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foremer becomes all the more urgent.

这种区别如此之大，以至于在缺乏后者的地方，就像在这些不太可能的花园里一样，工头变得更加迫切。

2013年考研翻译原文

考研Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.

几乎所有接受本期特别报道采访的人都表示，目前最大的问题不是需求不足，而是缺乏好的产品可供销售。

2010年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

考研To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.

总而言之：一个完全基于经济自身利益的保护体系是不平衡的，它往往忽视并最终消除土地社区中许多缺乏商业价值但对其健康运行至关重要的因素。

2010年考研翻译原文

六级People who lack close friends have greater levels of anxiety and depression than people who are close to others.

缺乏亲密朋友的人比与他人关系密切的人焦虑和抑郁程度更高。

2010年6月听力原文

六级Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1

许多顶级公司甚至不会考虑那些没有2.1分的人的申请

2016年12月阅读原文

六级It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I'm First in 2013, originally as an arm of its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity.

正是由于缺乏信息，2013年推出了“我是第一个”，最初是作为其伞式组织“学生机会中心”（Center For Student Opportunity）的一个分支。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级Despite being the continent's second-largest producer of tomatoes, Nigeria is dependent on $1 billion worth of tomato-paste imports every year, as around 75% of the local harvest goes to waste thanks to a lack of proper storage facilities.

尽管尼日利亚是非洲第二大番茄生产国，但每年仍依赖价值10亿美元的番茄酱进口，因为当地75%的收成由于缺乏适当的储存设施而浪费掉。

2017年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section A

考研Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls' lives and interests.

环顾四周，我对女孩们的生活和兴趣缺乏想象力感到失望。

2012年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

四级"I have been bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity,"said a Democratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Chri

新泽西州立法机构的一位民主党议员在7月份说：“我一直为好奇的缺乏而烦恼了很长时间。”他指的是新泽西州州长克里斯·克利的一名助手的询问态度不够

2017年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

高考Her times were not exactly impressive, but even so, he sensed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking.

她的表现并不令人印象深刻，但即便如此，他还是感觉到有人试图摆脱困境，这是其他教练在评估她并发现她的不足时忽略的。

2016年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

六级More than 80% of those cases can be attributed to contact with contaminated water and a lack of proper sanitation.

80%以上的病例可归因于接触受污染的水和缺乏适当的卫生设施。

2016年6月阅读原文

四级The British airports Authority, recently bought by a Spanish company, says the root cause of the problem is not the ownership structure, but a lack of runway and terminal capacity, which it's addressing through a programme of heavy investment.

最近被一家西班牙公司收购的英国机场管理局（British airports Authority）表示，问题的根本原因不是所有权结构，而是跑道和航站楼容量不足，该局正在通过一项大规模投资计划解决这一问题。

2016年6月四级真题（第二套）听力 Section A

四级Nor is it for lack of available information.

这也不是因为缺乏可用的信息。

2015年12月阅读原文

四级According to one professor, obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of nutrition and health.

根据一位教授的说法，肥胖与缺乏基本的营养和健康意识有关。

2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

高考Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

在19个已确认的北极熊亚种群中，3个在下降，6个稳定，1个在增加，9个缺乏足够的数据。

2019年高考英语全国卷I 语法填空 原文

考研Britain town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.

诚然，英国城并没有被阻止申请，但他们通常缺乏资源来集中力量击败更大的竞争对手。

2020年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

四级Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support.

由于缺乏教学支持，许多学生退出了在线课程。

2019年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section C

四级When I told a group of school children who displayed helpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned to keep trying when the problems got tough.

当我告诉一群表现出无助行为的学童，缺乏努力导致了他们在数学上的错误时，他们学会了在问题变得棘手时继续努力。

2016年12月阅读原文

六级Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems.

研究发现，缺乏康复与健康和安全问题的发生率增加之间存在直接的相关性。

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

六级Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think bigger and broader.

不幸的是，往往缺乏信息和支持来帮助学生思考更大、更广。

2015年12月阅读原文

考研Their thesis 一 that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact 一 was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college st

他们的论文一 相对温和的干预可能会产生巨大的影响一 基于这样一种观点，第一代学生可能最缺乏的不是潜力，而是关于如何处理大多数大学学生面临的问题的实际知识

2015年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级And lack of recovery一whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones一is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.

以及缺乏恢复一无论是通过工作的想法扰乱睡眠，还是通过看手机持续进行认知唤醒一我们公司每年损失620亿美元的生产力。

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

高考Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds' health at risk.

多米诺尼博士正在巢箱中安装摄像头，以跟踪鸟类的睡眠模式。他说，睡眠不足可能会危及鸟类的健康。

2015年高考英语四川卷 阅读理解 阅读D 原文

六级But the first bite was a pleasant surprise, a little dry and lacking of taste, but at least a wing didn't get stuck in my throat.

但第一口是一个惊喜，有点干，没有味道，但至少一只翅膀没有卡在我的喉咙里。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section B

六级Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students' lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards.

Arum和Roksa将学生缺乏学习归咎于淡化的大学课程，降低了本科生的工作标准。

2015年12月阅读原文

考研It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us.

它就像身体的免疫系统，在压力下，或由于缺乏营养或运动，免疫系统会被削弱，但它永远不会离开我们。

2016年考研翻译原文

考研Sociologist Catherine Kohler riessman reports in her new book divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed — but only a few of the men — gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.

社会学家凯瑟琳·科勒·里斯曼（Catherine Kohler riessman）在她的新书《离婚谈话》中报告说，她采访的大多数女性——但只有少数男性——认为缺乏沟通是她们离婚的原因。

2010年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级People from broken homes often lack stable lives

来自破碎家庭的人往往缺乏稳定的生活

2013年6月听力原文

六级They lack the expertise to make capital investments

他们缺乏进行资本投资的专业知识

2011年6月听力原文

四级The implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack of curiosity is a problem.

这意味着，在每一种情况下，好奇心是一件好事，而缺乏好奇心则是一个问题。

2017年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

六级Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i.e., an upper-second class degree, from an elite university.

许多顶级公司甚至不会考虑那些没有2.1分（即精英大学的二等以上学位）的人的申请。

2016年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

考研Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today's economic climate.

在当今的经济环境下，抱怨资金短缺的社会科学家不应该期望得到更多。

2013年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

六级In 2011 they released a landmark study titled "Academically Adrift", which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college.

2011年，他们发布了一项具有里程碑意义的研究，题为“学术漂泊”，该研究记录了许多上大学的人缺乏智力成长的经历。

2015年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

六级Take another common obstacle: lack of money

另一个常见的障碍是：缺钱

2013年12月阅读原文

六级This scenario is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter story suggestions.

这种情况在新闻编辑室很常见，因为新闻编辑室缺乏系统的方法来过滤报道建议。

2011年6月阅读原文

六级But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are "undermatched": they could get into more elite, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them.

但一个更大的问题可能是，贫困高中往往将学生送到他们“不匹配”的大学：他们可以进入更精英、更富有的学校，但却可以进入社区大学和缺乏资源帮助他们的低评级州立学校。

2011年6月阅读原文

四级That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.

好奇心的缺乏导致了知识的相对缺乏，而知识的缺乏即使不是不可能，也很难在以后弥补。

2017年12月四级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

四级The lack of confidence on the part of investors.

投资者缺乏信心。

2017年6月阅读原文

四级They lack consistent support from peers.

他们缺乏同行的一致支持。

2013年6月听力原文

考研If you consistently lose your cool with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.

如果你总是对你的孩子失去冷静，那么你就在无意中为你的孩子塑造了一个缺乏情绪控制的形象。

2020年考研真题（英语二）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

六级But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limits how much she can help.

但是巴克县缺少工作机会限制了她能提供多少帮助。

2016年6月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section C

六级The lack of a research culture.

缺乏研究文化。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级Don't risk injury or death beacuse of over-confidence or lack of knowledge.

不要因为过于自信或缺乏知识而冒受伤或死亡的风险。

2012年12月听力原文

六级From the lack of secure, affordable housing to growing job insecurity and rising personal debt, the individual is trapped.

从缺乏安全、负担得起的住房到日益严重的工作不安全感和不断上升的个人债务，个人陷入了困境。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

四级Rather, we would not have been likely to spend enough time getting to know each other due to the lack of immediately visible mutual interests.

相反，由于缺乏直接可见的共同利益，我们不太可能花足够的时间相互了解。

2012年6月听力原文

四级However, the plan was dropped due to lack of funds.

然而，由于缺乏资金，该计划被取消。

2018年12月四级真题（第一套）听力 Section A

四级My mission is to encourage green hands and those lacking time or money to feed themselves.

我的使命是鼓励新手和那些没有时间或金钱养活自己的人。

2015年12月阅读原文

四级Rather, we would not have been likely to spend enough time getting to know each other due to the lack of immediately visible mutual interests

相反，由于缺乏直接可见的共同利益，我们不太可能花足够的时间相互了解

2012年6月听力原文

六级Most pop singers suffer from three things: lack of training, overuse and abuse of the voice, especially when they are young.

大多数流行歌手都有三个问题：缺乏训练、过度使用和滥用嗓音，尤其是在他们年轻的时候。

2013年6月听力原文

六级Fatigue is a typical symptom of lack of exercise.

疲劳是缺乏锻炼的典型症状。

2010年6月听力原文

六级They lack the skills and expertise needed for their jobs.

他们缺乏工作所需的技能和专业知识。

2013年12月阅读原文

六级They lack the expertise to make capital investments.

他们缺乏进行资本投资的专业知识。

2011年6月听力原文

四级Lack of famous universities.

缺少著名的大学。

2015年12月阅读原文

四级Fatigue resulting from lack of sleep.

由于缺乏睡眠而导致的疲劳。

2010年6月阅读原文

六级What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products.

他们有时缺少的是希望使用他们产品的人的反馈。

2019年6月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

六级Lack of financial resources.

缺乏财政资源。

2016年6月阅读原文

六级“Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think bigger and broader.

“不幸的是，往往缺乏信息和支持来帮助学生进行更广泛的思考。

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题（一）

六级Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 1, i. e. , an upper-second class degree, from an elite university.

许多顶尖公司甚至不会考虑那些没有1级，即精英大学的二等以上学位的人的申请。

2016年12月六级（第二套）真题

六级They lack water-storing structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents them from tapping groundwater, so they have instead developed the ability to change their metabolism .

它们缺乏蓄水结构，而且它们在岩石表面的存在阻止了它们开采地下水，因此它们反而发展了改变新陈代谢的能力。

2018 年 6 月6级真题第2套

六级For instance, graduates from the year 2000 would have to come back in 200 This could fix the main organisational challenges for the university, but not for the learners, due to lack of time, family obligations or funds.

例如，2000年的毕业生必须在200年后回来

2020年12月六级真题（第3套）

六级” All too often, it is the lack of action that ultimately holds people back from attaining their ideals.

“很多时候，正是缺乏行动最终阻碍了人们实现理想。

2007年6月英语六级真题

六级It has to do with psychology and a lack of information.

这与心理学和信息的缺乏有关。

2007年12月英语六级真题

六级Case studies of children who are isolated from others reveal that they lack a firm self-concept, and their mental and psychological development is severely hindered by lack of language.

对与他人隔离的儿童的案例研究表明，他们缺乏坚定的自我概念，他们的心理和心理发展因缺乏语言而受到严重阻碍。

2010年6月英语六级真题

六级But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are "under matched": they could get into more elite, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them.

但一个更大的问题可能是，贫穷的高中经常把学生送到他们“不匹配”的大学：他们可以进入更精英、更富裕的学校，但却去了缺乏资源帮助的社区大学和低评级的州立学校。

2011年6月英语六级真题

四级The primary reason for the lack of quality in American television is related to both the history of TV programming development and the economics of TV.

美国电视质量低下的主要原因既与电视节目发展史有关，也与电视经济有关。

1991年1月英语四级真题

四级And surely the “graduates” of such institutions will lack trustworthiness, not to mention being rejected by foreign universities for graduate or other studies.

当然，这些机构的“毕业生”将缺乏可信度，更不用说被外国大学拒绝攻读研究生或其他学业了。

1991年1月英语四级真题

四级But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: one of the outstanding and essential qualities require is self-discipline, quality I lack.

但好奇心、敏锐的眼光、良好的记忆力和对动植物世界的享受并不能成为一名科学家：自律是我所缺乏的一种杰出而基本的品质。

1992年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级What worries us, with our lack of scientific knowledge and our quick imagination, is both the big and little pieces, although project officials say there is a very small chance that anyone will be injured by them.

由于我们缺乏科学知识和快速的想象力，我们担心的是大事和小事，尽管项目官员表示，任何人被它们伤害的可能性很小。

1994年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials.

然而，他们可能缺乏资金来进口必要的材料。

1999年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them.

反对制服的主要论点是制服缺乏多样性，因此必须穿制服的人会失去个性。

2000年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter.

Schacter说，大多数心不在焉的情况——忘记把东西放在哪里，或者想知道为什么刚进房间——都是由于注意力不足引起的。

2002年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness.

缺乏兴趣也会导致心不在焉。

2002年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience.

北卡罗来纳大学公路安全研究中心的科学家Robert Foss表示，青少年司机死亡率较高与其说是“非常愚蠢的行为”，不如说是缺乏驾驶经验。

2003年9月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Lack of space in Athens is the main reason why the dead are dug up after the three years.

雅典缺乏空间是三年后尸体被挖出的主要原因。

2006年6月大学英语新四级(CET-4)真题

四级But it’s not physical energy that most of us lack.

但这并不是我们大多数人所缺乏的体力。

2006年12月大学英语新四级(CET-4)真题

四级Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.

Meredith Fuller对此表示赞同：“当你生活在一个每个人都因过度劳累和睡眠不足而疲惫不堪的世界里，一个好人被认为是最后一个完成任务的世界里时，很难制定行为准则。

2008年12月英语四级考试真题