四级What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities—from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga—by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under clock time vs task time.

那么，以这些不同的方式思考时间会产生什么影响呢？一个能让我们更有效率吗？更好地完成手头的任务？更快乐的？在Tamar Avnet和Anne Laure Sellier进行的实验中，他们让参与者组织不同的活动，从项目规划、假日购物到按时间或待办事项列表进行瑜伽，以衡量他们在时钟时间和任务时间下的表现。

2015年12月阅读原文

四级Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background, severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressant.

参与者在年龄、性别、教育背景、抑郁的严重程度和持续时间以及抗抑郁药的使用方面在三组之间保持平衡。

2019年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

四级The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains.

参与者每人在该部门睡了两个晚上，并通过观察他们大脑活动的技术进行仔细监控。

2017年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

六级After the first pair of tasks was completed, one group of participants was assigned an undemanding activity intended to cause their minds to wander.

在第一对任务完成后，一组参与者被分配了一项要求不高的活动，目的是让他们的思维四处游荡。

2019年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section B

六级In the past few years, MathCounts added two new middle school programs to try to diversify its participant pool—the National Math Club and the Math Video Challenge.

在过去的几年里，MathCounts增加了两个新的中学项目，试图使其参与者群体多样化——国家数学俱乐部和数学视频挑战赛。

2017年6月阅读原文

六级The machine would not be a passive participant but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes take the initiative in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.

机器不会是被动参与者，而是会添加自己的建议、信息和意见；它有时会主动发展或改变主题，并具有自己的个性。

2013年6月听力原文

高考All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history.

所有参与者都必须说明通信或交通技术在历史上是如何提高美国人的生活质量的。

2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

六级Just one week after Obama was elected president, participants were less ready to support policies designed to address racial inequality than they had been two weeks before the election.

就在奥巴马当选总统一周后，与选举前两周相比，参与者对支持旨在解决种族不平等问题的政策的准备程度有所下降。

2010年6月阅读原文

高考Third, youth-sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills, these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult-sport participants.

第三，青少年运动项目是学习运动技能的关键，这些运动技能是未来国家体育明星和休闲成人体育参与者的基础。

2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读表达 原文

四级Asian-American students have been eager participants in a state program that permits them to take summer classes off campus for high school credit, allowing them to maximize the number of honors and Advanced Placement classes they can take, another practi

另一项实践表明，亚裔美国学生一直渴望参加一项州计划，该计划允许他们在校外参加暑期班以获得高中学分，从而最大限度地增加他们可以参加的荣誉和预科班的数量

2018年6月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

考研In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to predict how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to choose to see such an image.

在最后一个实验中，被鼓励预测观看不愉快图片后的感受的参与者不太可能选择观看这样的图片。

2018年考研真题（英语二）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

考研In a recent study involving over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs on the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold aft

在最近一项涉及400多名健康成年人的研究中，来自宾夕法尼亚州卡内基梅隆大学的研究人员考察了感知到的社会支持和接受拥抱对参与者患普通感冒易感性的影响

2017年考研真题（英语一）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

四级The researchers are currently analyzing the study participants' health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.

研究人员目前正在分析研究参与者的健康和生活方式，看看哪些因素可能会影响与年龄相关的认知变化。

2016年6月阅读原文

四级So far, participants have ranged in age from 2 to 85.

到目前为止，参与者的年龄从2岁到85岁不等。

2019年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

六级All 67 participants were over 60 years of age, and both groups lost about the same amount of weight.

所有67名参与者都超过60岁，两组人的体重减轻量大致相同。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

六级The ROWE participants were allowed to freely determine when, where and how they worked – the only thing that mattered was that they got the job done.

ROWE参与者可以自由决定他们在何时、何地以及如何工作——唯一重要的是他们完成了工作。

2016年12月阅读原文

六级Steinberg and Gardner randomly assigned some participants to play alone or with two same-age peers looking on.

斯坦伯格和加德纳随机分配了一些参与者，让他们单独玩，或者让两个同龄的同伴观看。

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section B

四级Although this incident very much alters the race of the two participants competing for a win, both are going to continue on their way toward the finish line.

尽管这一事件极大地改变了两名参赛者争夺胜利的比赛，但他们都将继续朝着终点线前进。

2017年6月听力原文

考研The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.

Sci Hub的成功依赖于研究人员传递他们自己合法访问的副本，这表明法律生态系统在其用户中已经失去了合法性，必须进行改造，使其适用于所有参与者。

2020年考研真题（英语一）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

高考Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard.

此外，集体锻炼创造了一种社区感觉，共同的目标激励参与者努力工作。

2015年高考英语福建卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文

高考Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.

小组练习的另一个有益方面是参与者从讲师处获得的信息支持。

2015年高考英语福建卷 阅读理解 阅读E 原文

六级Volunteers read two passages, one about a man who led a life of leisure and another about a man who was over-worked and over-scheduled; when asked to determine which of the two had a higher social status, the majority of the participants said the latter.

志愿者们读了两段，一段是关于一个过着悠闲生活的人，另一段是关于一个工作过度、日程安排过度的人；当被问及两人中谁的社会地位更高时，大多数参与者说后者更高。

2017年12月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

六级We found that when we taught participants to ask What if? and How can? questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration, they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit − asking more questions, performing more experiments and making better inter pretations of their results.

我们发现，当我们教参与者提问“如果”时？你怎么能？没有人会知道答案的问题会引发探索，他们在下一次展览中进行了更好的探究− 提出更多的问题，进行更多的实验，更好地解释他们的结果。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级The researchers excluded 2/3 of the original participants, because they didn't seem to have any clear learning style from the survey at the beginning.

研究人员排除了2/3的原始参与者，因为他们在一开始的调查中似乎没有任何明确的学习风格。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）听力 Section C

六级Smartphone-based data collection comes at an appropriate time in the evolution of psychological science Today, the field is in transition, moving away from a focus on laboratory studies with undergraduate participants towards more complex, real-world situ

基于智能手机的数据收集恰逢心理科学发展的适当时机。如今，该领域正处于转型期，从注重本科生的实验室研究转向更复杂的现实世界研究

2018年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

四级Each session has a theme, and participants are given a variety of materials and prompts and asked to cover surfaces with their thoughts and art.

每节课都有一个主题，向参与者提供各种材料和提示，并要求他们用自己的想法和艺术覆盖表面。

2019年6月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

六级At the start of the test, the participants had to declare their race and were told their results would be used to assess their strengths and weaknesses.

在测试开始时，参与者必须宣布他们的种族，并被告知他们的结果将用于评估他们的优势和劣势。

2010年6月阅读原文

四级In her study, participants were randomly ( ' , 随机地) assigned to two groups.

在她的研究中，参与者是随机的（“，随机地) 分为两组。

2017年6月阅读原文

四级The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of a relatively small monetary award is interesting, says Reimann.

Reimann说，参与者愿意用食物的一部分来代替相对较少的奖金，这一事实很有趣。

2016年12月阅读原文

四级"The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of a relatively small monetary award is interesting," says Reimann.

Reimann说：“参与者愿意用食物的一部分来代替相对较少的奖金，这一事实很有趣。”。

2016年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section C

高考Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.

从该设备收集的数据可用于根据不同参与者的打字方式识别不同参与者，错误率非常低。

2019年高考英语全国卷I 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

六级When all the participants proceeded to the second pair of tasks, the daydreamers performed 40% better than the others.

当所有参与者进行第二对任务时，做白日梦的人比其他人表现好40%。

2019年12月六级真题（第一套）听力 Section B

高考Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who havens worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home.

在那些曾经远程工作过的受访者中，64%的人宁愿放弃一些奖金，也不愿每周在家工作一天。

2016年高考英语浙江卷（10月） 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

四级What they found was that it wasn't breakfast itself that caused the participants to lose weight: It was changing their normal routine.

他们发现，并不是早餐本身导致参与者减肥，而是改变了他们的日常生活。

2019年12月四级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

六级In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia.

在一项实验中，近200名参与者登上双层巴士游览费城。

2018年6月六级真题(第二套)阅读 Section C

六级Recent polls by the Pew Research Centre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 per cent of participants regarded climate change as an important issue.

位于华盛顿特区的皮尤研究中心（Pew Research Center）最近进行的民意调查发现，75%至80%的参与者认为气候变化是一个重要问题。

2015年12月阅读原文

六级In the past few years, Math Counts added two new middle school programs to try to diversify its participant pool—the National Math Club and the Math video Challenge.

在过去的几年里，Math Counts增加了两个新的中学项目，试图使其参与者群体多样化——国家数学俱乐部和数学视频挑战赛。

2017年6月六级真题（第三套）阅读 Section B

四级Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer.

然而，有趣的是，你可能认为有利的其他特征对研究参与者是否可能延长寿命没有影响。

2016年6月阅读原文

四级By using Facebook and other social networks, participants can check each other out and identify friends ( or friends of friends) in common

通过使用Facebook和其他社交网络，参与者可以相互查看并确定共同的朋友（或朋友的朋友）

2013年12月阅读原文

高考Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.

在整个课程中都会向学生提供学习材料，每堂课的参与者不会超过15人。

2016年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读A 原文

四级In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne- Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities — from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga — by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs "task time"

在Tamar Avnet和Anne-Laure Sellier进行的实验中，他们让参与者按时间或待办事项表组织不同的活动，从项目规划、假日购物到瑜伽，以衡量他们在“时钟时间”与“任务时间”下的表现

2015年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

高考Collect a second proposal from the participant.

从参与者处收集第二份提案。

2019年高考英语天津卷 阅读理解 阅读A 选项

四级By using Facebook and other social networks, participants can check each other out and identify friends ( or friends of friends) in common.

通过使用Facebook和其他社交网络，参与者可以相互查看并确定共同的朋友（或朋友的朋友）。

2013年12月阅读原文

六级Limit the number of participants in the conference.

限制参加会议的人数。

2012年6月听力原文

四级Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calorie shake.

此外，受试者报告说，当他们认为自己喝了高热量的奶昔时，感觉更饱。

2013年12月阅读原文

四级During deep sleep, the participants' brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins.

在深度睡眠期间，参与者的大脑表现与鸟类和海豚相似。

2017年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

四级During deep sleep,the participants' brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins.

在深度睡眠期间，参与者的大脑表现与鸟类和海豚相似。

2017年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

高考Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as "volunteering in hospital is an important part of who I am".

参与者通过回答诸如“医院志愿服务是我的一个重要组成部分”之类的陈述，指出了社会角色在多大程度上的重要性。

2015年高考英语江苏卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

六级The ROWE participants were allowed to freely determine when, where and how they worked – the only thing that mattered was that they got the job done.

ROWE参与者可以自由决定他们在何时、何地以及如何工作——唯一重要的是他们完成了工作。

2016年12月六级真题（第一套）阅读 Section B

四级Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night.

佐佐木重新进行了这项实验，同时向睡眠中的参与者呈现了夜间定时的相同音调和不规则的不同音调的嘟嘟声。

2017年12月四级真题（第一套）阅读 Section C

四级In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled.

在20世纪90年代的一项实验中，包括普林斯顿心理学家乔尔·库珀在内的一个团队要求参与者撰写反对为残疾人提供资助的文章。

2010年6月阅读原文

考研For one trial, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.

在一次试验中，研究人员向每位参与者展示了一堆钢笔，研究人员声称这些钢笔来自之前的一次实验。

2018年考研真题（英语二）完形填空 Section Ⅰ

六级This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do.

编辑尤其如此，他们天生就热衷于参与他们所做的一切。

2011年6月阅读原文

六级Participants in the study were separated into two groups—one group was asked to eat 30 grams of protein per meal in the form of whole foods.

研究的参与者被分成两组，一组被要求以全食的形式每餐吃30克蛋白质。

2019年12月六级真题（第二套）阅读 Section B

考研They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas.

他们是由工作、金钱和思想流动驱动的全球经济的积极参与者。

2013年考研真题（英语二）阅读理解 Section Ⅱ

高考Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be related.

许多参与者指出了剧中他们认为相关的非常具体的元素。

2015年高考英语上海卷 阅读理解 阅读C 原文

四级The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes.

然后要求参与者在四分钟内写下他们的想法和感受。

2010年6月阅读原文

六级When the Obama fever was at its height, however, the black participants performed much better.

然而，当奥巴马狂热达到顶峰时，黑人参与者的表现要好得多。

2010年6月阅读原文

六级We found that when we taught participants to ask “What if?

我们发现，当我们教参与者问“如果？

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题（三）

六级Volunteers read two passages, on about a man who led a life of leisure and another about a man who was over-worked and over –scheduled; when asked to determine which of the two had a higher social status, the majority of the participants said the latter.

志愿者阅读了两段文字，一段是关于一个过着悠闲生活的男人，另一段是一个工作过度、日程安排过度的男人；当被要求确定两者中哪一个的社会地位更高时，大多数人

2017年12月英语六级考试真题（卷三）

六级After critiquing (评论) the so-called thin ideal by writing essays and role-playing with their peers, participants are directed to come up with and execute small, nonviolent acts.

批评之后(评论) 所谓的瘦理想是通过写文章和与同龄人进行角色扮演，参与者被引导想出并实施小的非暴力行为。

2009年6月英语六级真题

六级According to a study in the latest issue of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, the risk of developing eating disorders was reduced 61% among Body Project participants.

根据最新一期《咨询与临床心理学杂志》的一项研究，身体项目参与者患饮食失调的风险降低了61%。

2009年6月英语六级真题

六级After his election victory, this was true of all the black participants.

在他赢得选举后，所有黑人参与者都是如此。

2010年6月英语六级真题

四级We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants’ choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.

我们让他们告诉我们每个样品是可口可乐还是百事可乐；然后，我们对记录进行统计分析，将参与者的选择与单纯的猜测工作所能完成的结果进行比较。

1996年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times.

虽然两组的表现都好于偶然性预测，但每组中近一半的参与者都做出了两次或两次以上的错误选择。

1996年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor.

总的来说，一半的参与者在最后一轮品尝中的表现与第一轮差不多，所以疲劳或味觉倦怠不是一个因素。

1996年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.

我们的偏好测试结果表明，只有少数百事可乐参与者和可口可乐粉丝能够真正通过口味和价格说出他们最喜欢的品牌。

1996年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题

四级By using Facebook and other social networks, participants can check each other out and identify friends (or friends of friends) in common.

通过使用Facebook和其他社交网络，参与者可以互相查看并识别共同的朋友（或朋友的朋友）。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)

四级Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they’d consumed a higher-calorie shake.

此外，参与者报告说，当他们认为自己喝了更高热量的奶昔时，会感觉更饱。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套）

四级Among U. S. participants, 75% expected to continue working in some capacity even after stepping away from full-time jobs.

在美国的参与者中，75%的人预计即使在离开全职工作后也会继续以某种身份工作。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)

四级He described one study participant, still working at the age of 100, who was recently disappointed to see his son retire.

他描述了一位100岁仍在工作的研究参与者，他最近对儿子退休感到失望。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)

四级In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities—from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga—by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs "task time. "

在Tamar Avnet和Anne Laure Sellier进行的实验中，他们让参与者按时间或待办事项列表组织不同的活动，从项目规划、假日购物到瑜伽，以衡量他们在“时钟时间”和“任务时间”下的表现

2015年12月英语四级考试真题（第1套）

四级The researchers are currently analyzing the study participants’ health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.

研究人员目前正在分析研究参与者的健康和生活方式，看看哪些因素可能会影响与年龄相关的认知变化。

2016年6月大学英语四级真题（第2套)

四级“The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of a relatively small monetary award is interesting,” says Reimann.

Reimann说：“参与者愿意用一部分食物来代替一个相对较小的金钱奖励，这一事实很有趣。”。

2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第3套）

四级In her study, participants were randomly (随机地）assigned to two groups.

在她的研究中，参与者是随机的(随机地）分为两组。

2017年6月大学英语四级真题（第2套）

四级Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall.

佐佐木博士发现，正如预期的那样，参与者第一天晚上的睡眠不如第二天晚上好，入睡时间是第二天的两倍多，总体睡眠时间更少。

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）

四级During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins.

在深度睡眠期间，参与者的大脑表现与鸟类和海豚相似。

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）

四级Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night.

由于好奇左半球是否真的保持清醒以处理周围环境中检测到的信息，佐佐木博士重新进行了实验，同时向睡眠的参与者发出了定时的嘟嘟声(蜂鸣声) 相同音调的不规则嘟嘟声和不同音调的不规律嘟嘟声。

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第1套）

四级Asian-American students have been eager participants in a state program that permits them to take summer classes off campus for high school credit, allowing them to maximize the number of honors and Advanced Placement classes they can take, another practice that Aderhold is limiting this school year.

亚裔美国学生一直渴望参与一项州计划，该计划允许他们在校外参加暑期课程，以获得高中学分，从而最大限度地增加他们可以参加的荣誉和高级预科课程的数量，这是阿德霍尔德本学年限制的另一种做法。

2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套)

四级“Most of the participants are people who are just walking by or are on the island for other reasons, or they just kind of happen to be there,” Alexandra Chasin, artistic director of Writing On It All,tells Smithsonian.

“大多数参与者都是路过或出于其他原因在岛上的人，或者他们只是碰巧在那里，”史密森尼学会“一切写作”艺术总监亚历山德拉·查辛说。

2019年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套）

四级Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background, severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药).

参与者在年龄、性别、教育背景、抑郁症的严重程度和持续时间以及抗抑郁药的使用方面在三组中保持平衡(抗抑郁药).

2019年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套）

四级What they found was that it wasn’t breakfast itself that caused the participants to lose weight: it was changing their normal routine.

他们发现，导致参与者减肥的并不是早餐本身：而是改变了他们的正常饮食习惯。

2019年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套）

四级In a 2010 study, researchers at Harvard Medical School reported that college students who dreamed about a computer maze（迷宫）task they had learned showed a 10-fold improvement in their ability to find their way through the maze compared with participants who did not dream about the task.

在2010年的一项研究中，哈佛医学院的研究人员报告说，梦见电脑迷宫的大学生(迷宫）他们所学的任务显示，与不做梦的参与者相比，他们在迷宫中寻找出路的能力提高了10倍。

2020年7月大学英语四级真题

四级An early study gave participants abundant time to complete problem-solving and word-association ex-ercises.

早期的一项研究为参与者提供了充足的时间来完成解决问题和单词联想练习。

2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套）

四级Once all the obvious answers were exhausted, participants gave more and more inventive an-swers to combat boredom.

一旦所有显而易见的答案都用完了，参与者们就会做出越来越有创意的脏话来对抗无聊。

2020年12月大学英语四级真题（第2套）

考研Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.

专家知识可以通过电话会议在全世界范围内共享，有争议的问题可以在参与者不离开家和/或工作前往遥远的会议地点的情况下得到解决。

1995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题